Maria de Fatima Andrade - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Maria de Fatima Andrade
Atmosphere, 2020
Brazil, one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, is the fifth most populous country and is e... more Brazil, one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, is the fifth most populous country and is experiencing accelerated urbanization. This combination of factors causes an increase in urban population that is exposed to poor air quality, leading to public health burdens. In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry is applied to simulate air quality over Brazil for a short time period under three future emission scenarios, including current legislation (CLE), mitigation scenario (MIT), and maximum feasible reduction (MFR) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5), which is a climate change scenario under which radiative forcing of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reach 4.5 W m−2 by 2100. The main objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the concentrations of ozone (O3) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) to changes in emissions under these emission scenarios and to determine the signal and spa...
Atmosphere, 2022
In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions c... more In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained...
Environmental Science & Technology, 2021
Since 2001, four emission measurement campaigns have been conducted in multiple traffic tunnels i... more Since 2001, four emission measurement campaigns have been conducted in multiple traffic tunnels in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, an area with a fleet of more than 7 million vehicles running on fuels with high biofuel contents: gasoline + ethanol for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and diesel + biodiesel for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Emission factors for LDVs and HDVs were calculated using a carbon balance method, the pollutants considered including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide, as well as carbon dioxide and ethanol. From 2001 to 2018, fleet-average emission factors for LDVs and HDVs, respectively, were found to decrease by 4.9 and 5.1% per year for CO and by 5.5 and 4.2% per year for NOx. These reductions demonstrate that regulations for vehicle emissions adopted in Brazil in the last 30 years improved air quality in the megacity of São Paulo significantly, albeit with a clear delay. These findings, especially those for CO, indicate that official emission inventories underestimate vehicle emissions. Here, we demonstrated that the adoption of emission factors calculated under real-world conditions can dramatically improve air quality modeling in the region.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Great efforts have been made over the years to assess the effectiveness of air pollution controls... more Great efforts have been made over the years to assess the effectiveness of air pollution controls in place in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. In this work, the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was used to evaluate the efficacy of emission control strategies in MASP, considering the spatial and temporal variability of fine particle concentration. Seven different emission scenarios were modeled to assess the relationship between the emission of precursors and ambient aerosol concentration, including a baseline emission inventory, and six sensitivity scenarios with emission reductions in relation to the baseline inventory: a 50% reduction in SO 2 emissions; no SO 2 emissions; a 50% reduction in SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 emissions; no sulfate (PSO 4) particle emissions; no PSO 4 and nitrate (PNO 3) particle emissions; and no PNO 3 emissions. Results show that ambient PM 2.5 behavior is not linearly dependent on the emission of precursors. Variation levels in PM 2.5 concentrations did not correspond to the reduction ratios applied to precursor emissions, mainly due to the contribution of organic and elemental carbon, and other secondary organic aerosol species. Reductions in SO 2 emissions are less likely to be effective at reducing PM 2.5 concentrations at the expected rate in many locations of the MASP. The largest reduction in ambient PM 2.5 was obtained with the scenario that considered a reduction in 50% of SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 emissions (1 to 2 μg/m 3 on average). It highlights the importance of considering the role of secondary organic aerosols and black carbon in the design of effective policies for ambient PM 2.5 concentration control.
Ciência e Natura, 2000
As variações espaciais e temporais da Camada Limite planetária (CLP) da Área Metropolitana da cid... more As variações espaciais e temporais da Camada Limite planetária (CLP) da Área Metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo (RMSP) durante o período de 23 de julho a 15 de Agosto de 1999 são estudas utilizando dados de um Sodar Doppler. RMSP (λ = 23º34’ S e φ = 46º44’ W) está numa altitude de 800 m acima do nível médio do mar, localizada 60 km à noroeste do oceano Atlântico, limitada por cadeias de montanhas ao norte, tendo uma orografia complexa e configura-se numa ilha de calor urbana.Este trabalho tem o objetivo de entender o impacto da urbanização sobre os processos de CLP particularmente durante a estação de inverno. Um número de diferentes tipos de experimentos estiveram em operação durante uma campanha de inverno organizada pelo IAG-USP. O Sodar Doppler fornece dados sobre (i) função estrutura de temperatura, CT2, (ii) velocidade do vento horizontal, u, (iii) velocidade do vento vertical, w, (iv) desvios padrão do vento horizontal e vertical, σu, σv e σw, e (v) altura da inversão de te...
Journal of Atmospheric Science Research, 2019
Air quality models are tools capable to predict the physical and chemical processes that occur in... more Air quality models are tools capable to predict the physical and chemical processes that occur in atmosphere affecting the atmospheric composition, such as wind advection, turbulent diffusion, wet and dry deposition, chemical reactions, photolysis, anthropogenic and biogenic emission processes. These models need input data containing information about atmosphere (usually from a global atmospheric model), terrestrial data (usually for the models maintainer) and emissions (that comes from air quality pollution inventories). EmissV is a code written to create emissions input for these atmospheric models.
Ciência e Natura, Dec 1, 2007
Ciencia Natura, Nov 19, 2009
Resumo Os resultados das concentrações de ozônio simuladas pelo modelo SPM-BRAMS para a RMRJ fora... more Resumo Os resultados das concentrações de ozônio simuladas pelo modelo SPM-BRAMS para a RMRJ foram avaliadas para o período entre 31 de outubro e 01 de novembro de 2006. Apenas as emissões industriais, fornecidas através de um inventário realizado pela FEEMA, foram consideradas. O impacto destas foi bastante significativo, principalmente, na região próxima às áreas industriais de Duque de Caxias e Santa Cruz. Nessas áreas os valores de concentração de ozônio foram superiores ao padrão nacional de qualidade do ar (160 µg.m-3).
Environmental Research, 2015
Atmospheric Environment, 2015
On-road emissions of carbonyls from the current vehicle fleet of Brazil were determined in two ex... more On-road emissions of carbonyls from the current vehicle fleet of Brazil were determined in two experimental campaigns, conducted in traffic tunnels located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), in southeastern Brazil. Among carbonyl species, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant in all sampling periods. In Brazil, heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) run on a blend of 95% regular diesel/5% biodiesel from soy, whereas light-duty vehicles (LDVs) run on gasohol (75e80% gasoline/20e25% ethanol) or hydrous ethanol. We found that HDVs showed the highest overall carbonyl emissions, although LDVs were responsible for high emissions of acetaldehyde. In comparison with LDVs in California, which are powered by 90% gasoline/10% ethanol, LDVs in Brazil were found to emit 352% and 263% more formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 2012
Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar registra frequen... more Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar registra frequentemente valores de concentração de ozônio superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor no Brasil. Em algumas ocasiões, condições meteorológicas favoráveis ao processo de formação de ozônio possibilitam a ocorrência de altas concentrações de ozônio durante diversos dias consecutivos na região. A influência de condições meteorológicas no episódio de poluição, registrado entre os dias de 24 de fevereiro e 05 de março de 2003, foi avaliada através de simulações numéricas com o modelo SPM-BRAMS. Estudos observacionais mostram que a ocorrência de ventos fracos, principalmente, durante o período noturno e durante as manhãs, favorece a formação de altas concentrações de ozônio sobre a região. O horário de entrada e a atuação da brisa marítima são fundamentais para o transporte do ozônio e de seus precursores. Essas condições foram bem simuladas pelo modelo. Para os dias mais críticos, q...
Fuel, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Reduction of aldehyde vehicular emissions resulting from public policy implem... more h i g h l i g h t s Reduction of aldehyde vehicular emissions resulting from public policy implementation. Vehicular emissions on formaldehyde and acetaldehyde atmospheric concentrations vs. meteorological effects. Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio has been increasing in recent decades.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2008
In the present study, a three-dimensional Eulerian photochemical model was employed to estimate t... more In the present study, a three-dimensional Eulerian photochemical model was employed to estimate the impact that organic compounds have on tropospheric ozone formation in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). In the year 2000, base case simulations were conducted in two periods: August 22-24 and March 13-15. Based on the pollutant concentrations calculated by the model, the correlation coefficient relative to observations for ozone ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 in both periods. In the simulations employed to evaluate the ozone potential of individual VOCs, as well as the sensitivity of ozone to the VOC/NO x emission ratio, the variation in anthropogenic emissions was estimated at 15% (according to tests performed previously variations of 15% were stable). Although there were significant differences between the two periods, ozone concentrations were found to be much more sensitive to VOCs than to NO x in both periods and throughout the study domain. In addition, considering their individual rates of emission from vehicles, the species/classes that were most important for ozone formation were as follows: aromatics with a kOH>2× 10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; olefins with a kOH<7×10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; olefins with a kOH>7×10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; ethene; and formaldehyde, which are the principal species related to the production, transport, storage and combustion of fossil fuels.
Atmosphere, 2020
Brazil, one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, is the fifth most populous country and is e... more Brazil, one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, is the fifth most populous country and is experiencing accelerated urbanization. This combination of factors causes an increase in urban population that is exposed to poor air quality, leading to public health burdens. In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry is applied to simulate air quality over Brazil for a short time period under three future emission scenarios, including current legislation (CLE), mitigation scenario (MIT), and maximum feasible reduction (MFR) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5), which is a climate change scenario under which radiative forcing of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reach 4.5 W m−2 by 2100. The main objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the concentrations of ozone (O3) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) to changes in emissions under these emission scenarios and to determine the signal and spa...
Atmosphere, 2022
In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions c... more In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained...
Environmental Science & Technology, 2021
Since 2001, four emission measurement campaigns have been conducted in multiple traffic tunnels i... more Since 2001, four emission measurement campaigns have been conducted in multiple traffic tunnels in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, an area with a fleet of more than 7 million vehicles running on fuels with high biofuel contents: gasoline + ethanol for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and diesel + biodiesel for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Emission factors for LDVs and HDVs were calculated using a carbon balance method, the pollutants considered including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide, as well as carbon dioxide and ethanol. From 2001 to 2018, fleet-average emission factors for LDVs and HDVs, respectively, were found to decrease by 4.9 and 5.1% per year for CO and by 5.5 and 4.2% per year for NOx. These reductions demonstrate that regulations for vehicle emissions adopted in Brazil in the last 30 years improved air quality in the megacity of São Paulo significantly, albeit with a clear delay. These findings, especially those for CO, indicate that official emission inventories underestimate vehicle emissions. Here, we demonstrated that the adoption of emission factors calculated under real-world conditions can dramatically improve air quality modeling in the region.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Great efforts have been made over the years to assess the effectiveness of air pollution controls... more Great efforts have been made over the years to assess the effectiveness of air pollution controls in place in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. In this work, the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was used to evaluate the efficacy of emission control strategies in MASP, considering the spatial and temporal variability of fine particle concentration. Seven different emission scenarios were modeled to assess the relationship between the emission of precursors and ambient aerosol concentration, including a baseline emission inventory, and six sensitivity scenarios with emission reductions in relation to the baseline inventory: a 50% reduction in SO 2 emissions; no SO 2 emissions; a 50% reduction in SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 emissions; no sulfate (PSO 4) particle emissions; no PSO 4 and nitrate (PNO 3) particle emissions; and no PNO 3 emissions. Results show that ambient PM 2.5 behavior is not linearly dependent on the emission of precursors. Variation levels in PM 2.5 concentrations did not correspond to the reduction ratios applied to precursor emissions, mainly due to the contribution of organic and elemental carbon, and other secondary organic aerosol species. Reductions in SO 2 emissions are less likely to be effective at reducing PM 2.5 concentrations at the expected rate in many locations of the MASP. The largest reduction in ambient PM 2.5 was obtained with the scenario that considered a reduction in 50% of SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 emissions (1 to 2 μg/m 3 on average). It highlights the importance of considering the role of secondary organic aerosols and black carbon in the design of effective policies for ambient PM 2.5 concentration control.
Ciência e Natura, 2000
As variações espaciais e temporais da Camada Limite planetária (CLP) da Área Metropolitana da cid... more As variações espaciais e temporais da Camada Limite planetária (CLP) da Área Metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo (RMSP) durante o período de 23 de julho a 15 de Agosto de 1999 são estudas utilizando dados de um Sodar Doppler. RMSP (λ = 23º34’ S e φ = 46º44’ W) está numa altitude de 800 m acima do nível médio do mar, localizada 60 km à noroeste do oceano Atlântico, limitada por cadeias de montanhas ao norte, tendo uma orografia complexa e configura-se numa ilha de calor urbana.Este trabalho tem o objetivo de entender o impacto da urbanização sobre os processos de CLP particularmente durante a estação de inverno. Um número de diferentes tipos de experimentos estiveram em operação durante uma campanha de inverno organizada pelo IAG-USP. O Sodar Doppler fornece dados sobre (i) função estrutura de temperatura, CT2, (ii) velocidade do vento horizontal, u, (iii) velocidade do vento vertical, w, (iv) desvios padrão do vento horizontal e vertical, σu, σv e σw, e (v) altura da inversão de te...
Journal of Atmospheric Science Research, 2019
Air quality models are tools capable to predict the physical and chemical processes that occur in... more Air quality models are tools capable to predict the physical and chemical processes that occur in atmosphere affecting the atmospheric composition, such as wind advection, turbulent diffusion, wet and dry deposition, chemical reactions, photolysis, anthropogenic and biogenic emission processes. These models need input data containing information about atmosphere (usually from a global atmospheric model), terrestrial data (usually for the models maintainer) and emissions (that comes from air quality pollution inventories). EmissV is a code written to create emissions input for these atmospheric models.
Ciência e Natura, Dec 1, 2007
Ciencia Natura, Nov 19, 2009
Resumo Os resultados das concentrações de ozônio simuladas pelo modelo SPM-BRAMS para a RMRJ fora... more Resumo Os resultados das concentrações de ozônio simuladas pelo modelo SPM-BRAMS para a RMRJ foram avaliadas para o período entre 31 de outubro e 01 de novembro de 2006. Apenas as emissões industriais, fornecidas através de um inventário realizado pela FEEMA, foram consideradas. O impacto destas foi bastante significativo, principalmente, na região próxima às áreas industriais de Duque de Caxias e Santa Cruz. Nessas áreas os valores de concentração de ozônio foram superiores ao padrão nacional de qualidade do ar (160 µg.m-3).
Environmental Research, 2015
Atmospheric Environment, 2015
On-road emissions of carbonyls from the current vehicle fleet of Brazil were determined in two ex... more On-road emissions of carbonyls from the current vehicle fleet of Brazil were determined in two experimental campaigns, conducted in traffic tunnels located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), in southeastern Brazil. Among carbonyl species, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant in all sampling periods. In Brazil, heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) run on a blend of 95% regular diesel/5% biodiesel from soy, whereas light-duty vehicles (LDVs) run on gasohol (75e80% gasoline/20e25% ethanol) or hydrous ethanol. We found that HDVs showed the highest overall carbonyl emissions, although LDVs were responsible for high emissions of acetaldehyde. In comparison with LDVs in California, which are powered by 90% gasoline/10% ethanol, LDVs in Brazil were found to emit 352% and 263% more formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 2012
Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar registra frequen... more Na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar registra frequentemente valores de concentração de ozônio superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor no Brasil. Em algumas ocasiões, condições meteorológicas favoráveis ao processo de formação de ozônio possibilitam a ocorrência de altas concentrações de ozônio durante diversos dias consecutivos na região. A influência de condições meteorológicas no episódio de poluição, registrado entre os dias de 24 de fevereiro e 05 de março de 2003, foi avaliada através de simulações numéricas com o modelo SPM-BRAMS. Estudos observacionais mostram que a ocorrência de ventos fracos, principalmente, durante o período noturno e durante as manhãs, favorece a formação de altas concentrações de ozônio sobre a região. O horário de entrada e a atuação da brisa marítima são fundamentais para o transporte do ozônio e de seus precursores. Essas condições foram bem simuladas pelo modelo. Para os dias mais críticos, q...
Fuel, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Reduction of aldehyde vehicular emissions resulting from public policy implem... more h i g h l i g h t s Reduction of aldehyde vehicular emissions resulting from public policy implementation. Vehicular emissions on formaldehyde and acetaldehyde atmospheric concentrations vs. meteorological effects. Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio has been increasing in recent decades.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2008
In the present study, a three-dimensional Eulerian photochemical model was employed to estimate t... more In the present study, a three-dimensional Eulerian photochemical model was employed to estimate the impact that organic compounds have on tropospheric ozone formation in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). In the year 2000, base case simulations were conducted in two periods: August 22-24 and March 13-15. Based on the pollutant concentrations calculated by the model, the correlation coefficient relative to observations for ozone ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 in both periods. In the simulations employed to evaluate the ozone potential of individual VOCs, as well as the sensitivity of ozone to the VOC/NO x emission ratio, the variation in anthropogenic emissions was estimated at 15% (according to tests performed previously variations of 15% were stable). Although there were significant differences between the two periods, ozone concentrations were found to be much more sensitive to VOCs than to NO x in both periods and throughout the study domain. In addition, considering their individual rates of emission from vehicles, the species/classes that were most important for ozone formation were as follows: aromatics with a kOH>2× 10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; olefins with a kOH<7×10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; olefins with a kOH>7×10 4 ppm −1 min −1 ; ethene; and formaldehyde, which are the principal species related to the production, transport, storage and combustion of fossil fuels.