Mazin Barry - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mazin Barry
Research Square (Research Square), Apr 5, 2024
Background: The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrugresistant fungal pathogen, pose... more Background: The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrugresistant fungal pathogen, poses a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating robust risk-assessment strategies for effective infection control in hospital settings. Objective: This study aimed to assess and quantify the risk of C. auris infection in a tertiary hospital by using an adapted risk assessment tool that considers diverse patient factors and hospital dynamics. Method: The study employed the 'adaptation method,' amalgamating literature review and analysis of individual patient data (IPD), to identify and quantify C. auris infection risk. Using the MRSA risk assessment tool, risk factor information was derived from the literature and adapted based on the IPD, ensuring context-specific relevance. The study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary university teaching hospital in Riyadh, triggered by the first C. auris case in 2019, covering the period from January 2020 to December 2022. The variables included admission history, comorbidities, multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) history, wounds/devices, surgeries, and antimicrobial use. The inclusion criteria targeted high-risk individuals and the exclusion criteria were inpatients. The screening tool was deployed through a PowerForm in selected nursing units with rigorous training for nurses and comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and outcome analysis. Robust statistical methods, including multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses, were employed to address potential biases and ensure the internal validity of the study. Results: Graphic and clinical findings were analyzed in a cohort of 68,031 patients. Notably, 9% of the patients had identified risk factors such as septicemia, CKD, DM, or chronic lung disease. Additionally, 7% reported a history of admission to non-KSA hospitals and 14% had contact with MDROs or ASCs. The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, underscoring the relevance of these factors to Candida auris infection. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, emphasizing the relevance of these factors in the context of Candida auris infections. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted surveillance and preventive measures in healthcare settings.
Journal of epidemiology and global health, Nov 4, 2021
Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significan... more Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significant mortality. Little information is known regarding clinical and microbiological characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study surveyed these characteristics at a Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of 5 years. Methods This retrospective study was done on all infective endocarditis (IE) patients admitted to Prince Sultan Cardiac Center between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Clinical characteristics, microbiological results, management, and outcomes were assessed. Result A total of 340 cases of infective endocarditis were identified over the study period. Most patients (64%) were 50 years old or above, and 67% were males. Fever was the most common clinical presentation, and a murmur was audible in a fifth of patients. Blood cultures were positive in 177 (52%) cases. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and viridans group Streptococcus. Most common microbiological organisms causing native valve endocarditis were viridans group Streptococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (21%), and for prosthetic valve endocarditis they were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (23%), the most common causes of culture negative endocarditis were Q-fever and brucellosis. Predisposing cardiac conditions were present in 127 (37%) patients, most commonly rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease. Surgical intervention was done in 26% of cases, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 6.76%. Conclusion We demonstrate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological profile of infective endocarditis in a tertiary care cardiac center in Saudi Arabia. It gives information concerning the prevalence of responsible organisms. This information will be helpful in assessing patients with suspected IE and in planning management of cases knowing the relative frequency of types of microorganisms encountered.
Epilepsy Research, Mar 1, 2022
OBJECTIVE Understanding the elevations in body temperature after a seizure helps detect etiologie... more OBJECTIVE Understanding the elevations in body temperature after a seizure helps detect etiologies and monitor for complications. We aim to determine the proportion of patients who develop elevated temperatures after a seizure and to examine the trend in temperature change over time. We also seek to examine the effects that an infection or impaired ambulatory status might have on body temperature course, as well as the effect of elevated temperature on the length of hospital stay. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted at King Saud University Medical City. The included patients were individuals older than 12 years of age who presented to the emergency department with seizures between May 2015 and August 2018. Temperature recordings were documented from 18 four-hour time intervals (0-72 h from presentation). Information about age, gender, seizure duration, seizure type, polytherapy, anti-seizure medication, infection, ambulatory status, and length of stay were collected. Logistic regression and a mixed-effects model were used to determine which variables were associated with temperatures of 37.5 °C or higher in the first 12 h of presentation and to estimate the change in temperature over the ensuing time intervals. RESULTS 416 encounters were identified. The presence of an infection was significantly associated with developing temperature elevation, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (95% CI [1.54, 5.32]). Ambulatory patients were less likely to have elevations compared to non-ambulatory patients (OR = 0.33; 95% CI [0.18, 0.6]). Temperatures were highest within the first hours of presentation and gradually decreased with each interval by 0.03 °C (p < 0.0001), which increased to 0.12 °C (p = 0.005) if a patient was ambulatory. Temperatures substantially increased across the intervals in patients with infections by 0.21 °C (p < 0.0001). Elevated temperatures were significantly associated with longer hospital stays (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Elevated temperatures can occur after seizures in general, and subside over the ensuing 72 h in the absence of an infection. Physicians should still conduct thorough evaluations in patients with temperatures of 37.5 °C or higher to rule out an underlying infection. The absence of an elevated temperature is favorable and associated with a shorter hospital stay.
Epidemiology and Infection, 2020
Cite this article: Temsah MH et al (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare worke... more Cite this article: Temsah MH et al (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiology and Infection 148, e203, 1-9.
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Nov 1, 2022
Healthcare, Apr 20, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Nov 1, 2022
In May 2022, several European countries including Spain reported cluster of monkeypox cases with ... more In May 2022, several European countries including Spain reported cluster of monkeypox cases with no apparent travel to endemic areas. We report a suspected case of monkeypox in Saudi Arabia in a healthy 30-year-old man who returned from Spain and the Netherlands with fever and rash for six days duration during the same time period of the outbreak, he was suspected to have monkeypox but was ultimately diagnosed with chickenpox.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, Sep 1, 2020
Background: In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to contro... more Background: In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including media campaigns, a nationwide lockdown, and closures of plastic surgery clinics. The aim of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge of COVID-19, their willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery during the pandemic, and the factors influencing their decisions. Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. We collected data on demographic information, knowledge about COVID-19, and willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Participants also completed the cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire to assess body dysmorphic disorder. Results: The sample included a total of 1643 participants (women, n = 1002; 61%). A total of 613 (37.3%) participants were aged between 30 and 40 years. The majority (n = 1472; 89.6%) referred to official government accounts for information regarding COVID-19. Most participants (n = 1451; 88.3%) felt that the pandemic was serious, and 1387 (85%) said they would not leave home to undergo cosmetic procedures during the outbreak. Being women, the presence of body-image concerns, and higher cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire scores were associated with an increased willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Conclusions: This is the first study to explore the public’s willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The public was well educated about the pandemic, via government actions. This was reflected in participants who wished to undergo a cosmetic plastic procedure; we identified factors associated with an increased willingness to undergo procedures, which may help design awareness initiatives.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Sep 1, 2022
Elsevier has created a Monkeypox Information Center in response to the declared public health eme... more Elsevier has created a Monkeypox Information Center in response to the declared public health emergency of international concern, with free information in English on the monkeypox virus. The Monkeypox Information Center is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its monkeypox related research that is available on the Monkeypox Information Center-including this research content-immediately available in publicly funded repositories, with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the Monkeypox Information Center remains active.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Sep 1, 2020
Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause intermitte... more Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause intermittent community and nosocomial outbreaks. Obtaining data on specific source(s) and transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV during nosocomial outbreaks has been challenging. We performed a clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic investigation of an outbreak of MERS-CoV at a University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and infection control data were obtained from patients and Healthcare workers (HCWs). Full genome sequencing was conducted on nucleic acid extracted directly from MERS-CoV PCRconfirmed clinical samples and phylogenetic analysis performed. Phylogenetic analysis combined with published MERS-CoV genomes was performed. HCWs compliance with infection control practices was also assessed. Results: Of 235 persons investigated, there were 23 laboratory confirmed MERS cases, 10 were inpatients and 13 HCWs. Eight of 10 MERS inpatients died (80% mortality). There were no deaths among HCWs. The primary index case assumed from epidemiological investigation was not substantiated phylogenetically. 17/18 MERS cases were linked both phylogenetically and epidemiologically. One asymptomatic HCW yielded a MERS-CoV genome not directly linked to any other case in the investigation. Five HCWs with mild symptoms yielded >75% full MERS-CoV genome sequences. HCW compliance with use of gowns was 62.1%, gloves 69.7%, and masks 57.6%. Conclusions: Several factors and sources, including a HCW MERS-CoV 'carrier phenomenon', occur during nosocomial MERS-CoV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analyses of MERS-CoV linked to clinical and epidemiological information is essential for outbreak investigation. The specific role of apparently healthy HCWs in causing nosocomial outbreaks requires further definition.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, May 1, 2014
The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health implemented a pro-active surveillance programme for Middle E... more The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health implemented a pro-active surveillance programme for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We report MERS-CoV data from 5065 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia individuals who were screened for MERS-CoV over a 12-month period. From 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected from all laboratory forms received at the Saudi Arabian Virology reference laboratory. Data were analysed by referral type, age, gender, and MERS-CoV real-time PCR test results. Five thousand and 65 individuals were screened for MER-CoV: hospitalized patients with suspected MERS-CoV infection (n = 2908, 57.4%), healthcare worker (HCW) contacts (n = 1695; 33.5%), and family contacts of laboratory-confirmed MERS cases (n = 462; 9.1%). Eleven per cent of persons tested were children (<17 years of age). There were 108 cases (99 adults and nine children) of MERS-CoV infection detected during the 12-month period (108/5065, 2% case detection rate). Of 108 cases, 45 were females (six children and 39 adults) and 63 were males (three children and 60 adults). Of the 99 adults with MERS-CoV infection, 70 were hospitalized patients, 19 were HCW contacts, and ten were family contacts. There were no significant increases in MERS-CoV detection
Vaccines
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant morbidity ... more Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to intense pulmonary inflammation. Enhanced chemokine-mediated leukocyte infiltration in lungs has been linked with unfavorable outcomes with respect to the disease. This cross-sectional study assessed the levels of chemokines among 46 MERS-CoV-infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) and 52 healthy controls using a customized Luminex human chemokine magnetic multiplex panel. The plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 (568.5 ± 114.7 vs. 55.19 ± 5.85 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (MIP-1A) (30.78 ± 2.81 vs. 18.16 ± 0.91 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), MIP-1B (36.63 ± 4.25 vs. 25.26 ± 1.51 pg/mL; p < 0.003), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (1267 ± 309.5 vs. 390.0 ± 35.51 pg/mL; p < 0.0002), and monokine-induced gamma interferon (MIG) (28.96 ± 3.93 vs. 16.29 ± 1.69 pg/mL; p < 0.001), interleukin (I...
Vaccines
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to p... more Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to public health and global economies. SARS-CoV-2 has largely affected a vast world population and was declared a COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with a substantial surge of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting all aspects of the virus’ natural course of infection and immunity. The cross-reactivity between the different coronaviruses is still a knowledge gap in the understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections on immunoglobulin-IgG cross-reactivity. Our retrospective cohort study hypothesized the possible reactivation of immunity in individuals with a history of infection to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The total number of participants included was 34; among them, 22 (64.7%) were males, and 12 (35.29%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 40.3 ± 12.9 y...
Healthcare
Background: In response to the global Mpox outbreaks, this survey aimed to assess the knowledge, ... more Background: In response to the global Mpox outbreaks, this survey aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and advocacy of Mpox vaccines among solid organ transplant healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among solid organ transplant HCWs in Saudi Arabia from 15 August to 5 September 2022. A total of 199 responses were received from participants primarily working in the kidney (54.8%) and liver (14.6%) transplant units. Results: The survey found that most participants were aware of the 2022 Mpox outbreak, but the majority were more concerned about COVID-19 than Mpox. While the majority of participants thought laboratory personnel and HCWs in direct contact with Mpox patients should receive the vaccine, less than 60% believed that all HCWs should be vaccinated. Additionally, over half of the participants lacked knowledge of animal–human transmission of the virus. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for increased education ...
Frontiers in Pediatrics
BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' per... more BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines and the psychological antecedents of vaccinations during the first month of the Omicron spread.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey in Saudi Arabia was conducted (December 20, 2021-January 7, 2022). Convenience sampling was used to invite participants through several social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Twitter, and email lists. We utilized the validated 5C Scale, which evaluates five psychological factors influencing vaccination intention and behavior: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility.ResultsOf the 1,340 respondents, 61.3% received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 35% received an additional booster dose. Fify four percentage were unwilling to vaccinate their children aged 5–11, and 57.2% were unwilling to give the additional booster vaccine to children aged 12–18. Respondents had higher sc...
Background Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East in ... more Background Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East in 2012 and was associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Considering the role of cytokines in MERS-CoV infection and pathogenesis, this study was performed to assess the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines among MERS-CoV patients. Methods A total of 46 MERS-CoV infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 with symptoms) were compared to 52 normal healthy controls for the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-7, IL-6, IFN-α, IL-15) using a customized luminex kit. Results There was no difference observed between asymptomatic MERS-CoV patients and controls, however; the mean plasma levels among MERS-CoV symptomatic patients were significantly higher than asymptomatic MERS-CoV patients and normal controls: IL-1β (16.89 ± 1.23 pg/mL vs 12.80 ± 0.59 pg/mL; p<0.001), TNF-α (14.04 ± 0.93 pg/mL vs 10.35 ± 0.29 pg/mL; p<0.0001), IL-17 (14.33 ± 0.89 pg/mL v...
BackgroundMonkeypox virus re-surged in May 2022 as a new potential global health threat with outb... more BackgroundMonkeypox virus re-surged in May 2022 as a new potential global health threat with outbreaks bursting in multiple countries across different continents. This study was conducted during the first month of the WHO announcement to assess the healthcare workers (HCWs) within Saudi Arabia, exploring their perception, worries, and vaccine acceptance for Monkeypox in-line with the resolving COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 27 and June 10, 2022, in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on the sociodemographic and job-related characteristics, COVID-19 infection status, HCWs’ worry levels of Monkeypox compared to COVID-19 and its sources, their perceptions, awareness, and HCWs’ Monkeypox vaccination advocacy.ResultsAmong the 1130 HCWs who completed survey, 41.6% already developed COVID-19. Still, 56.5% were more worried from COVID-19 compared to Monkeypox, while the rest were more worried of Monkeypox disease. The main reason for their...
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2020
The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is incorporated translationally into proteins and is s... more The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is incorporated translationally into proteins and is synthesized on its specific tRNA (tRNA Sec). In Bacteria, the selenocysteine synthase SelA converts Ser-tRNA Sec , formed by seryl-tRNA synthetase, to Sec-tRNA Sec. SelA, a member of the fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′phosphate-dependent enzyme superfamily, has an exceptional homodecameric quaternary structure with a molecular mass of about 500 kDa. Our previously determined crystal structures of Aquifex aeolicus SelA complexed with tRNA Sec revealed that the ring-shaped decamer is composed of pentamerized SelA dimers, with two SelA dimers arranged to collaboratively interact with one Ser-tRNA Sec. The SelA catalytic site is close to the dimer-dimer interface, but the significance of the dimer pentamerization in the catalytic site formation remained elusive. In the present study, we examined the quaternary interactions and demonstrated their importance for SelA activity by systematic mutagenesis. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of "depentamerized" SelA variants with mutations at the dimer-dimer interface that prevent pentamerization. These dimeric SelA variants formed a distorted and inactivated catalytic site and confirmed that the pentamer interactions are essential for productive catalytic site formation. Intriguingly, the conformation of the non-functional active site of dimeric SelA shares structural features with other fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes with native dimer or tetramer (dimer-of-dimers) quaternary structures.
Research Square (Research Square), Apr 5, 2024
Background: The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrugresistant fungal pathogen, pose... more Background: The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrugresistant fungal pathogen, poses a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating robust risk-assessment strategies for effective infection control in hospital settings. Objective: This study aimed to assess and quantify the risk of C. auris infection in a tertiary hospital by using an adapted risk assessment tool that considers diverse patient factors and hospital dynamics. Method: The study employed the 'adaptation method,' amalgamating literature review and analysis of individual patient data (IPD), to identify and quantify C. auris infection risk. Using the MRSA risk assessment tool, risk factor information was derived from the literature and adapted based on the IPD, ensuring context-specific relevance. The study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary university teaching hospital in Riyadh, triggered by the first C. auris case in 2019, covering the period from January 2020 to December 2022. The variables included admission history, comorbidities, multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) history, wounds/devices, surgeries, and antimicrobial use. The inclusion criteria targeted high-risk individuals and the exclusion criteria were inpatients. The screening tool was deployed through a PowerForm in selected nursing units with rigorous training for nurses and comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and outcome analysis. Robust statistical methods, including multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses, were employed to address potential biases and ensure the internal validity of the study. Results: Graphic and clinical findings were analyzed in a cohort of 68,031 patients. Notably, 9% of the patients had identified risk factors such as septicemia, CKD, DM, or chronic lung disease. Additionally, 7% reported a history of admission to non-KSA hospitals and 14% had contact with MDROs or ASCs. The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, underscoring the relevance of these factors to Candida auris infection. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, emphasizing the relevance of these factors in the context of Candida auris infections. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted surveillance and preventive measures in healthcare settings.
Journal of epidemiology and global health, Nov 4, 2021
Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significan... more Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significant mortality. Little information is known regarding clinical and microbiological characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study surveyed these characteristics at a Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of 5 years. Methods This retrospective study was done on all infective endocarditis (IE) patients admitted to Prince Sultan Cardiac Center between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Clinical characteristics, microbiological results, management, and outcomes were assessed. Result A total of 340 cases of infective endocarditis were identified over the study period. Most patients (64%) were 50 years old or above, and 67% were males. Fever was the most common clinical presentation, and a murmur was audible in a fifth of patients. Blood cultures were positive in 177 (52%) cases. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and viridans group Streptococcus. Most common microbiological organisms causing native valve endocarditis were viridans group Streptococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (21%), and for prosthetic valve endocarditis they were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (23%), the most common causes of culture negative endocarditis were Q-fever and brucellosis. Predisposing cardiac conditions were present in 127 (37%) patients, most commonly rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease. Surgical intervention was done in 26% of cases, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 6.76%. Conclusion We demonstrate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological profile of infective endocarditis in a tertiary care cardiac center in Saudi Arabia. It gives information concerning the prevalence of responsible organisms. This information will be helpful in assessing patients with suspected IE and in planning management of cases knowing the relative frequency of types of microorganisms encountered.
Epilepsy Research, Mar 1, 2022
OBJECTIVE Understanding the elevations in body temperature after a seizure helps detect etiologie... more OBJECTIVE Understanding the elevations in body temperature after a seizure helps detect etiologies and monitor for complications. We aim to determine the proportion of patients who develop elevated temperatures after a seizure and to examine the trend in temperature change over time. We also seek to examine the effects that an infection or impaired ambulatory status might have on body temperature course, as well as the effect of elevated temperature on the length of hospital stay. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted at King Saud University Medical City. The included patients were individuals older than 12 years of age who presented to the emergency department with seizures between May 2015 and August 2018. Temperature recordings were documented from 18 four-hour time intervals (0-72 h from presentation). Information about age, gender, seizure duration, seizure type, polytherapy, anti-seizure medication, infection, ambulatory status, and length of stay were collected. Logistic regression and a mixed-effects model were used to determine which variables were associated with temperatures of 37.5 °C or higher in the first 12 h of presentation and to estimate the change in temperature over the ensuing time intervals. RESULTS 416 encounters were identified. The presence of an infection was significantly associated with developing temperature elevation, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (95% CI [1.54, 5.32]). Ambulatory patients were less likely to have elevations compared to non-ambulatory patients (OR = 0.33; 95% CI [0.18, 0.6]). Temperatures were highest within the first hours of presentation and gradually decreased with each interval by 0.03 °C (p < 0.0001), which increased to 0.12 °C (p = 0.005) if a patient was ambulatory. Temperatures substantially increased across the intervals in patients with infections by 0.21 °C (p < 0.0001). Elevated temperatures were significantly associated with longer hospital stays (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Elevated temperatures can occur after seizures in general, and subside over the ensuing 72 h in the absence of an infection. Physicians should still conduct thorough evaluations in patients with temperatures of 37.5 °C or higher to rule out an underlying infection. The absence of an elevated temperature is favorable and associated with a shorter hospital stay.
Epidemiology and Infection, 2020
Cite this article: Temsah MH et al (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare worke... more Cite this article: Temsah MH et al (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiology and Infection 148, e203, 1-9.
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Nov 1, 2022
Healthcare, Apr 20, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Nov 1, 2022
In May 2022, several European countries including Spain reported cluster of monkeypox cases with ... more In May 2022, several European countries including Spain reported cluster of monkeypox cases with no apparent travel to endemic areas. We report a suspected case of monkeypox in Saudi Arabia in a healthy 30-year-old man who returned from Spain and the Netherlands with fever and rash for six days duration during the same time period of the outbreak, he was suspected to have monkeypox but was ultimately diagnosed with chickenpox.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, Sep 1, 2020
Background: In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to contro... more Background: In March 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Health implemented mitigation measures to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including media campaigns, a nationwide lockdown, and closures of plastic surgery clinics. The aim of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge of COVID-19, their willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery during the pandemic, and the factors influencing their decisions. Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. We collected data on demographic information, knowledge about COVID-19, and willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Participants also completed the cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire to assess body dysmorphic disorder. Results: The sample included a total of 1643 participants (women, n = 1002; 61%). A total of 613 (37.3%) participants were aged between 30 and 40 years. The majority (n = 1472; 89.6%) referred to official government accounts for information regarding COVID-19. Most participants (n = 1451; 88.3%) felt that the pandemic was serious, and 1387 (85%) said they would not leave home to undergo cosmetic procedures during the outbreak. Being women, the presence of body-image concerns, and higher cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire scores were associated with an increased willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures. Conclusions: This is the first study to explore the public’s willingness to undergo cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The public was well educated about the pandemic, via government actions. This was reflected in participants who wished to undergo a cosmetic plastic procedure; we identified factors associated with an increased willingness to undergo procedures, which may help design awareness initiatives.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Sep 1, 2022
Elsevier has created a Monkeypox Information Center in response to the declared public health eme... more Elsevier has created a Monkeypox Information Center in response to the declared public health emergency of international concern, with free information in English on the monkeypox virus. The Monkeypox Information Center is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its monkeypox related research that is available on the Monkeypox Information Center-including this research content-immediately available in publicly funded repositories, with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the Monkeypox Information Center remains active.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Sep 1, 2020
Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause intermitte... more Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause intermittent community and nosocomial outbreaks. Obtaining data on specific source(s) and transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV during nosocomial outbreaks has been challenging. We performed a clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic investigation of an outbreak of MERS-CoV at a University Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and infection control data were obtained from patients and Healthcare workers (HCWs). Full genome sequencing was conducted on nucleic acid extracted directly from MERS-CoV PCRconfirmed clinical samples and phylogenetic analysis performed. Phylogenetic analysis combined with published MERS-CoV genomes was performed. HCWs compliance with infection control practices was also assessed. Results: Of 235 persons investigated, there were 23 laboratory confirmed MERS cases, 10 were inpatients and 13 HCWs. Eight of 10 MERS inpatients died (80% mortality). There were no deaths among HCWs. The primary index case assumed from epidemiological investigation was not substantiated phylogenetically. 17/18 MERS cases were linked both phylogenetically and epidemiologically. One asymptomatic HCW yielded a MERS-CoV genome not directly linked to any other case in the investigation. Five HCWs with mild symptoms yielded >75% full MERS-CoV genome sequences. HCW compliance with use of gowns was 62.1%, gloves 69.7%, and masks 57.6%. Conclusions: Several factors and sources, including a HCW MERS-CoV 'carrier phenomenon', occur during nosocomial MERS-CoV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analyses of MERS-CoV linked to clinical and epidemiological information is essential for outbreak investigation. The specific role of apparently healthy HCWs in causing nosocomial outbreaks requires further definition.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, May 1, 2014
The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health implemented a pro-active surveillance programme for Middle E... more The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health implemented a pro-active surveillance programme for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We report MERS-CoV data from 5065 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia individuals who were screened for MERS-CoV over a 12-month period. From 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected from all laboratory forms received at the Saudi Arabian Virology reference laboratory. Data were analysed by referral type, age, gender, and MERS-CoV real-time PCR test results. Five thousand and 65 individuals were screened for MER-CoV: hospitalized patients with suspected MERS-CoV infection (n = 2908, 57.4%), healthcare worker (HCW) contacts (n = 1695; 33.5%), and family contacts of laboratory-confirmed MERS cases (n = 462; 9.1%). Eleven per cent of persons tested were children (<17 years of age). There were 108 cases (99 adults and nine children) of MERS-CoV infection detected during the 12-month period (108/5065, 2% case detection rate). Of 108 cases, 45 were females (six children and 39 adults) and 63 were males (three children and 60 adults). Of the 99 adults with MERS-CoV infection, 70 were hospitalized patients, 19 were HCW contacts, and ten were family contacts. There were no significant increases in MERS-CoV detection
Vaccines
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant morbidity ... more Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to intense pulmonary inflammation. Enhanced chemokine-mediated leukocyte infiltration in lungs has been linked with unfavorable outcomes with respect to the disease. This cross-sectional study assessed the levels of chemokines among 46 MERS-CoV-infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) and 52 healthy controls using a customized Luminex human chemokine magnetic multiplex panel. The plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 (568.5 ± 114.7 vs. 55.19 ± 5.85 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (MIP-1A) (30.78 ± 2.81 vs. 18.16 ± 0.91 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), MIP-1B (36.63 ± 4.25 vs. 25.26 ± 1.51 pg/mL; p < 0.003), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (1267 ± 309.5 vs. 390.0 ± 35.51 pg/mL; p < 0.0002), and monokine-induced gamma interferon (MIG) (28.96 ± 3.93 vs. 16.29 ± 1.69 pg/mL; p < 0.001), interleukin (I...
Vaccines
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to p... more Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable threat to public health and global economies. SARS-CoV-2 has largely affected a vast world population and was declared a COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with a substantial surge of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting all aspects of the virus’ natural course of infection and immunity. The cross-reactivity between the different coronaviruses is still a knowledge gap in the understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections on immunoglobulin-IgG cross-reactivity. Our retrospective cohort study hypothesized the possible reactivation of immunity in individuals with a history of infection to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The total number of participants included was 34; among them, 22 (64.7%) were males, and 12 (35.29%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 40.3 ± 12.9 y...
Healthcare
Background: In response to the global Mpox outbreaks, this survey aimed to assess the knowledge, ... more Background: In response to the global Mpox outbreaks, this survey aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and advocacy of Mpox vaccines among solid organ transplant healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among solid organ transplant HCWs in Saudi Arabia from 15 August to 5 September 2022. A total of 199 responses were received from participants primarily working in the kidney (54.8%) and liver (14.6%) transplant units. Results: The survey found that most participants were aware of the 2022 Mpox outbreak, but the majority were more concerned about COVID-19 than Mpox. While the majority of participants thought laboratory personnel and HCWs in direct contact with Mpox patients should receive the vaccine, less than 60% believed that all HCWs should be vaccinated. Additionally, over half of the participants lacked knowledge of animal–human transmission of the virus. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for increased education ...
Frontiers in Pediatrics
BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' per... more BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines and the psychological antecedents of vaccinations during the first month of the Omicron spread.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey in Saudi Arabia was conducted (December 20, 2021-January 7, 2022). Convenience sampling was used to invite participants through several social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Twitter, and email lists. We utilized the validated 5C Scale, which evaluates five psychological factors influencing vaccination intention and behavior: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility.ResultsOf the 1,340 respondents, 61.3% received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 35% received an additional booster dose. Fify four percentage were unwilling to vaccinate their children aged 5–11, and 57.2% were unwilling to give the additional booster vaccine to children aged 12–18. Respondents had higher sc...
Background Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East in ... more Background Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East in 2012 and was associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Considering the role of cytokines in MERS-CoV infection and pathogenesis, this study was performed to assess the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines among MERS-CoV patients. Methods A total of 46 MERS-CoV infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 with symptoms) were compared to 52 normal healthy controls for the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-7, IL-6, IFN-α, IL-15) using a customized luminex kit. Results There was no difference observed between asymptomatic MERS-CoV patients and controls, however; the mean plasma levels among MERS-CoV symptomatic patients were significantly higher than asymptomatic MERS-CoV patients and normal controls: IL-1β (16.89 ± 1.23 pg/mL vs 12.80 ± 0.59 pg/mL; p<0.001), TNF-α (14.04 ± 0.93 pg/mL vs 10.35 ± 0.29 pg/mL; p<0.0001), IL-17 (14.33 ± 0.89 pg/mL v...
BackgroundMonkeypox virus re-surged in May 2022 as a new potential global health threat with outb... more BackgroundMonkeypox virus re-surged in May 2022 as a new potential global health threat with outbreaks bursting in multiple countries across different continents. This study was conducted during the first month of the WHO announcement to assess the healthcare workers (HCWs) within Saudi Arabia, exploring their perception, worries, and vaccine acceptance for Monkeypox in-line with the resolving COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 27 and June 10, 2022, in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on the sociodemographic and job-related characteristics, COVID-19 infection status, HCWs’ worry levels of Monkeypox compared to COVID-19 and its sources, their perceptions, awareness, and HCWs’ Monkeypox vaccination advocacy.ResultsAmong the 1130 HCWs who completed survey, 41.6% already developed COVID-19. Still, 56.5% were more worried from COVID-19 compared to Monkeypox, while the rest were more worried of Monkeypox disease. The main reason for their...
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2020
The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is incorporated translationally into proteins and is s... more The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is incorporated translationally into proteins and is synthesized on its specific tRNA (tRNA Sec). In Bacteria, the selenocysteine synthase SelA converts Ser-tRNA Sec , formed by seryl-tRNA synthetase, to Sec-tRNA Sec. SelA, a member of the fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′phosphate-dependent enzyme superfamily, has an exceptional homodecameric quaternary structure with a molecular mass of about 500 kDa. Our previously determined crystal structures of Aquifex aeolicus SelA complexed with tRNA Sec revealed that the ring-shaped decamer is composed of pentamerized SelA dimers, with two SelA dimers arranged to collaboratively interact with one Ser-tRNA Sec. The SelA catalytic site is close to the dimer-dimer interface, but the significance of the dimer pentamerization in the catalytic site formation remained elusive. In the present study, we examined the quaternary interactions and demonstrated their importance for SelA activity by systematic mutagenesis. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of "depentamerized" SelA variants with mutations at the dimer-dimer interface that prevent pentamerization. These dimeric SelA variants formed a distorted and inactivated catalytic site and confirmed that the pentamer interactions are essential for productive catalytic site formation. Intriguingly, the conformation of the non-functional active site of dimeric SelA shares structural features with other fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes with native dimer or tetramer (dimer-of-dimers) quaternary structures.