Minnie Pillay - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Minnie Pillay

Acta Medica Academica, Jan 16, 2024

Objective. The present case study aims at drawing attention to a very rare presentation of the st... more Objective. The present case study aims at drawing attention to a very rare presentation of the sternalis muscle noticed during routine dissection, and is intended to highlight the clinical significance and usefulness of this unique muscle in reconstructive surgeries, especially of the breast. Case Report. Though many morphological variants of the muscle have been reported, we came across a unique bilateral sternalis muscle during routine dissection for undergraduate medical teaching, in an 80-year-old male cadaver. The muscle originates on both sides from the external oblique aponeurosis from the fleshy belly, and after becoming tendinous, converges in the midline to form a common tendon at the level of the sternal angle, and then splits again into two tendons which become continuous with the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid. Conclusion. Notwithstanding the fact that the presence of a sternalis can be misdiagnosed as a wide range of anterior chest wall lesions and tumors, especially with misdiagnosis of breast masses in routine mammograms, it has great use as a muscular flap for reconstructive surgeries of the anterior chest wall, head, neck and breast.

Foot & Ankle International, Dec 14, 2023

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2015

The internal iliac artery formerly known as the hypogastric artery is the main artery of the pelv... more The internal iliac artery formerly known as the hypogastric artery is the main artery of the pelvis. The exact arrangement of branches of the internal iliac artery is variable. Knowledge about these variations is of great value, for surgeons while performing surgery in the pelvis. Fourty pelvic halves were dissected to study the variations in the origin of the principal branches of the internal iliac artery .The principal branches were superior vesical, the internal pudendal, inferior gluteal and superior gluteal. The origin of the cited arteries were arranged in a tabular form and categorized into their types and sub types on classification system expounded by Ashley and Anson. and compared with the data available from other sources to find out the variations and similarities existing between the various population groups. Among 40 pelvic halves, 37 specimens showed Type 111 pattern,2 specimens showed Type V pattern and 1 specimen showed type 1V pattern. In order to minimize blood ...

Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2015

Internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries mainly supply the thymus. However, very few studi... more Internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries mainly supply the thymus. However, very few studies have been reported on the arterial variations of the thymus. The first author, a cardiac surgeon, happened upon a thymic artery arising from either proximal aortic arch or distal ascending aorta in a few cases during routine cardiac surgery in infants and neonates. Hence a study on the prevalence of the variant thymic artery during open heart surgery was contemplated, as knowledge of its presence could avoid its injury during surgical and diagnostic procedures of the region. The prevalence of the variant thymic artery was observed during 100 consecutive cardiac surgeries in infants and neonates. In addition to two branches from internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries, a thymic artery originating from the distal ascending aorta or proximal arch was found in 15 (15%) out of 100 patients who underwent open heart surgery for the correction of congenital heart defects. The artery t...

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2016

xylocaine test and computed tomography of both styloid processes. All cases were divided into gro... more xylocaine test and computed tomography of both styloid processes. All cases were divided into group-A and group-B and were managed conservatively, and by intraoral surgical approach. Group-A had 17 cases with length of styloid process <25 mm, and group-B had 13 cases with length of styloid process >25 mm. All cases were subjected to tonsillectomy and histopathological examination of the tonsils. In all cases the results and findings were noted and analyzed. Results: In present study of 30 cases, the mean age was 42 years. 27 cases were female while 3 were male. 20 cases had unilateral and 10 cases had bilateral symptoms. 26 cases had chronic fibroid tonsillitis and 4 cases had normal tonsils. 13 cases of group-B underwent styloidectomy. In 15 cases of group-A, the styloid process was not palpable and only tonsillectomy was done. In remaining 2 cases out fracture of styloid was carried out additionally. 28 patients became asymptomatic, 2 were lost to the follow up. There were no any serious complications noted during the management in all cases. Conclusion: Surgical management with intra oral approach is the successful treatment in cases of stylalgia. In our study the sizable percentage (86.66%) of fibrous tonsils as an etiological factor of stylalgia in absence of elongated styloid process indicates the need of concomitant tonsillectomy (by intra oral approach only) during the management.

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2015

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2016

A unilateral rectus sternalis muscle was observed in a 80-year-old male cadaver. Located on the r... more A unilateral rectus sternalis muscle was observed in a 80-year-old male cadaver. Located on the right side, the muscle took origin by a small fleshy belly from the lower part of pectoral fascia, at the level of 7 th costal cartilage. The fusiform muscle belly tapered into a thin delicate tendon at the level of 4 th costal cartilage, continued, for a short distance along right sternal margin, before crossing the sternum from right to left over the sternal angle and the left clavicle to merge with the sternal head of left sternocleidomastoid muscle [Table/Fig-1]. The muscle was supplied by twigs from the medial pectoral nerve.

journal of medical science and clinical research, 2017

ABSRACT Obturator artery is usually a Branch of Anterior division of internal iliac artery. Its f... more ABSRACT Obturator artery is usually a Branch of Anterior division of internal iliac artery. Its frequent variations in its origin and course has drawn attention of Anatomists, pelvic surgeons and Interventional Radiologists. The present study was conducted on Fifty (Formalin fixed) hemi sections of human cadaveric pelvic specimens, which were collected from the cadavers allotted to undergraduate students at department of anatomy, Raja Muthiah medical college, Chidambaram Tamilnadu, during 2015-2017. The pelvis was carefully dissected to study the origin, relations, within the pelvis. The findings were observed and recorded. Origin of obdurator artery was from the Anterior trunk of Internal iliac in 64% of specimen and was variable in 36%of specimen. The variations in obturator artery may lead to surgical complications during pelvic surgeries.

Folia Morphologica

This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, 2002

In some forensic situations relating to homicide by strangulation, the services of an anatomist a... more In some forensic situations relating to homicide by strangulation, the services of an anatomist and pathologist may prove vital in elucidating the gross and microscopic appearances of soft tissues of the neck, with particular reference to the thyroid gland. While a great deal of emphasis is often laid on the presence or absence of fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage, it is not well recognised that damage to soft tissues, particularly the strap muscles and the thyroid gland may be a more consisten/pointer to neck compression. One such case of strangulalion is discussed where a combined approach of a forensic expert, pathologist, and anatomist proved of crucial importance in clarifying the gross and microscopic picture of neck tissues.

Italian journal of anatomy and embryology, 2017

The blood vessels traversing the superior pubic ramus are usually vascular connections between ob... more The blood vessels traversing the superior pubic ramus are usually vascular connections between obturator and external iliac systems of vessels. Dislocated fractures or iatrogenic injury can cause life threatening bleeding and hence these vascular anomalies are referred to as corona mortis meaning ‘crown of death’. Except for a case report, no study on corona mortis has been attempted in India so far and hence the present study was intended at exploring the possible variations, both morphological and topographical, of these vascular connections in Indian population through cadaveric dissection. 24 adult cadavers dissected bilaterally (48 hemipelves) and 19 random hemipelves available in the Department of Anatomy were considered for the study.The vascular connections observed were classified as arterial, venous or both (Types I, II and III). Type III was further classified into subtypes a, b, c, d and e based on various combinations of the first two types. In a total of 67 pelvic halv...

Histology and histopathology, 2019

INTRODUCTION Charcot arthropathy (CA) is non-infective, chronic destructive condition affecting t... more INTRODUCTION Charcot arthropathy (CA) is non-infective, chronic destructive condition affecting the pes architecture of long standing diabetic patients with neuropathy. Even though several theories have emerged to disclose its pathogenesis, inflammatory cytokine induced osteoclastogenesis stands as the chief culprit. Studies on micro-architecture of foot bones of acute stage CA patients, describes mainly destructive phase of bone remodelling. Increased osteoclast cell activity is reported in all studies communicated. No study has to the best of our knowledge detailed the microscopic structure of chronic stage CA foot bones. AIM To study the microscopic structure of foot bones in patients with chronic CA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Foot bones were collected from the feet of chronic CA patients (six in number) who underwent corrective foot surgery in the Department of Podiatric Surgery of a tertiary care hospital. Control samples were collected from the feet of age matched non-diabetic con...

Cureus, 2021

Introduction Despite adequate preparation and meticulous pre-operative assessment, variations of ... more Introduction Despite adequate preparation and meticulous pre-operative assessment, variations of the vascular anatomy of the aortic arch may lead to clinical dilemmas. In the present era, with the easy availability of imaging facilities, various anatomical variations can be found out prior to an interventional procedure. However, there are many countries including India where such facilities may still be not widely available. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of these anatomical variants in patients undergoing Computerised Tomography (CT) chest with contrast. Methods This observational study involved patients who underwent CT chest with contrast as part of various clinical indications during a three-year period in a tertiary care centre in South India. Variations of the aortic arch and its branching pattern were studied in 4,000 chest CT images of patients referred to the radiology department. Results A total of 4,000 patients underwent CT chest with contrast during the study period. Twenty-seven variations were observed in these patients. They included aberrant right subclavian artery in seven patients, bovine arch in one patient, bovine origin of left vertebral artery from arch in one patient, bronchial artery of anomalous origin from arch in one patient, double aortic arch in one patient, and right-sided aortic arch in 16 patients. Conclusion The variant anatomy of the aortic arch has tremendous clinical significance, especially from the surgical standpoint. Anatomical variants can also cause difficulty during catheterization while performing endovascular interventions. Given the prevalence demonstrated in our study, imaging may be indicated prior to any procedure involving vascular access in order to prevent unwanted complications.

Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR, 2020

Aim To evaluate the frequency and pattern of variations in the origins of right inferior phrenic ... more Aim To evaluate the frequency and pattern of variations in the origins of right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA) on 256 slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods MDCT abdominal images of 600 patients (male: 344, female: 256; mean age 56.45 ± 12.96 years) who underwent technically successful multiphase computed tomography were assessed for IPA variations with emphasis on their origins and results analyzed. Results Both IPA origins were documented in all patients. Both RIPA and LIPA originated from the common trunk in 128 (21.3%) patients. IPAs with common trunk most commonly originated from the aorta (68, 11.3%). Without common trunk RIPA most commonly originated from the aorta (225, 37.5%) and LIPA from the celiac artery (278, 46.3%). The least frequently detected IPA variations were RIPA originating from the common hepatic artery (1, 0.2%), superior mesenteric artery (1, 0.2%), and common truncus originating from lef...

Journal of Morphological Sciences, 2019

Objective To observe variations in the fissures, in the lobes, and in the hilar pattern of lungs ... more Objective To observe variations in the fissures, in the lobes, and in the hilar pattern of lungs and correlate these findings with clinical implications. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on random lung specimens available in the Department of Anatomy. A total of 96 lungs (47 right and 49 left) were studied for variations in the fissures and lobes, and 92 lungs (45 right and 47 left) for variations in the hilar pattern. Results Among the right-sided lungs, 70% presented incomplete horizontal fissure, 15% with absence of the horizontal fissure, and 51% with incomplete oblique fissure. Accessory fissures were also seen, but incomplete, and accounted for 17% of the total number of right lungs.Among the left-sided lungs, 62% presented incomplete oblique fissures, and 4% with absence of the oblique fissure. Accessory fissures accounted for 6% of the total number of left lungs.Regarding hilar pattern variations, 11% of the right-sided lungs showed > 2 bronchi, 69% s...

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2018

Objective: To know whether there is any correlation between the normal liver size with parameters... more Objective: To know whether there is any correlation between the normal liver size with parameters such as age, sex, height, weight, in children. Methods: The present study is cross-sectional in nature and conducted in Government Medical College and District Hospital Bidar. Sample size of 260 cases were taken between the age group of 1 to 17 years, living in Northeast part of Karnataka. Baseline data including the age, sex, height, weight were recorded for all the children in a structured proforma. All the children underwent an ultrasonographic assessment of liver size by using a Philips HDI 4000, 200-240 V-5A, 50/60 HZ system. All the variables were tabulated and shown by using Bar diagram, Pie chart and Scatter plots. The findings were then statistically analyzed and "p" value determined. Results: The mean liver length is greater in males in all age groups and it increases in older children in the age group of 10-13 yrs and 14-17 yrs among both males and females. Liver length highly correlated with each of the variables: age, height, weight in both male and female children. Conclusion: The methods of measurement and analysis used in this study are standardized and easy to apply. Findings are handy and reliable and are suitable particularly for radiology and pediatric departments. The results of this study can be used as a practical and comprehensive guide to indicate the normal liver length range for every child, according to his/her age and body habitus.

Anatomy & Cell Biology, 2018

Variations in the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle have been reported in current scientif... more Variations in the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle have been reported in current scientific literature. The carotid arteries, being the major feeding arteries of the head and neck deserve special importance and protection from iatrogenic injury during radiological evaluations and surgical interventions. The present study was carried out over a period of 4 years from 2012-2016 to assess the variant anatomy of external carotid artery. The external carotid artery and its branches were dissected bilaterally in 40 formalin embalmed cadavers. The external carotid artery was traced from its origin to termination and variations in the branching pattern as well as the level of the carotid bifurcation were observed and analysed. A higher carotid bifurcation was observed in 25% cases. The linguofacial trunk was the commonest variation noted in the branching pattern seen in 20% cases. A single case of unilateral thyrolinguofacial trunk was also observed. The external carotid artery gave rise to accessory branches in 7.5% cases namely the superior laryngeal, accessory ascending pharyngeal and masseteric branches. A slender branch to the internal jugular vein was also observed in one case. These findings may provide further insight into the understanding of the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle to the curious student, the discerning radiologist and the vigilant surgeon to avert complications and help improve overall treatment outcome.