Miren Cajaraville - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Miren Cajaraville

... As described above, the immediate consequences of xenoestrogen exposure in juvenile or adult ... more ... As described above, the immediate consequences of xenoestrogen exposure in juvenile or adult male fish, or in females outside the breeding season, are to induce the inappropriate synthesis inter alia of zona radiata protein and vitellogenin. In particular, induction of male ...

PLoS ONE, 2013

Aiming at an integrated and mechanistic view of the early biological effects of selected metals i... more Aiming at an integrated and mechanistic view of the early biological effects of selected metals in the marine sentinel organism Mytilus galloprovincialis, we exposed mussels for 48 hours to 50, 100 and 200 nM solutions of equimolar Cd, Cu and Hg salts and measured cytological and molecular biomarkers in parallel. Focusing on the mussel gills, first target of toxic water contaminants and actively proliferating tissue, we detected significant dose-related increases of cells with micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in the treated mussels, with differences in the bioconcentration of the three metals determined in the mussel flesh by atomic absorption spectrometry. Gene expression profiles, determined in the same individual gills in parallel, revealed some transcriptional changes at the 50 nM dose, and substantial increases of differentially expressed genes at the 100 and 200 nM doses, with roughly similar amounts of up-and down-regulated genes. The functional annotation of gill transcripts with consistent expression trends and significantly altered at least in one dose point disclosed the complexity of the induced cell response. The most evident transcriptional changes concerned protein synthesis and turnover, ion homeostasis, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, and intracellular trafficking (transcript sequences denoting heat shock proteins, metal binding thioneins, sequestosome 1 and proteasome subunits, and GADD45 exemplify up-regulated genes while transcript sequences denoting actin, tubulins and the apoptosis inhibitor 1 exemplify down-regulated genes). Overall, nanomolar doses of co-occurring free metal ions have induced significant structural and functional changes in the mussel gills: the intensity of response to the stimulus measured in laboratory supports the additional validation of molecular markers of metal exposure to be used in Mussel Watch programs.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP, 2005

Environmental estrogenic compounds or xenoestrogens can mimic natural estrogens and cause a varie... more Environmental estrogenic compounds or xenoestrogens can mimic natural estrogens and cause a variety of adverse effects on aquatic wildlife. The purpose of the present work was to investigate if xenoestrogens are able to cause proliferation of liver peroxisomes using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. Adult male zebrafish were exposed for 15 days to 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the xenoestrogens dibutylphthalate (DBP), methoxychlor (MXC), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2). All five tested compounds caused significant proliferation of liver peroxisomes (p < 0.05) as indicated by increased peroxisomal surface and numerical densities and elevated activities of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX). In the case of DBP, MXC and E2, positive significant correlations between peroxisomal density parameters and AOX were found. The treatments did not produce gross alterations in testis histology, but spermatogenic cell proliferation was disturbe...

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008

Ameca splendens is an herbivore while Girardinichthys viviparus is a carnivore. Their wild popula... more Ameca splendens is an herbivore while Girardinichthys viviparus is a carnivore. Their wild populations inhabit localities with different degrees of contamination. Oxidative stress basal levels are different in both species. However, it is unknown if oxidative stress innate strategies prevails under stress elicited by pollutants.

Marine Environmental Research, 2014

and sharing with colleagues.

Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, 2006

Aquatic Toxicology, 2010

E. Bilbao et al. / Aquatic Toxicology 98 (2010) 282-296 283 estrogen receptor˛was downregulated u... more E. Bilbao et al. / Aquatic Toxicology 98 (2010) 282-296 283 estrogen receptor˛was downregulated under WF exposure at day 16. These results show new molecular and cellular biomarkers of exposure to organic chemicals and demonstrate that in mullets PP could be regulated through molecular mechanisms similar to those in rodents, although the typical mammalian peroxisome proliferator PFOS and heavy fuel oil follow divergent mechanisms of action.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2010

Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011

a b s t r a c t Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were continuously exposed to dispersed crude oil (0.015-... more a b s t r a c t Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were continuously exposed to dispersed crude oil (0.015-0.25 mg/l) for 7 months covering the whole gamete development cycle. After 1 month exposure to 0.25 mg oil/l, the level of alkali-labile phosphates (ALP) and the volume density of atretic oocytes in female gonads were higher than those in the gonads of control females, indicating that oil affected the level of vitellogenin-like proteins and gamete development. Spawning of mussels was induced after 7 months oil exposure. Parental oil exposure did not affect subsequent fertilization success in clean seawater but this was reduced in 0.25 mg oil/l. Parental exposure to 0.25 mg oil/l caused both slow development and a higher percentage of abnormalities in D-shell larvae 2 days post-fertilization; reduced growth 7 days post-fertilization. These effects were greatly enhanced when larval stages were maintained at 0.25 mg oil/l. Similar studies are warranted for risk assessment prognosis.

Studied AP isomers were able to bind ER in vitro with different affinities.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010

► High prevalence of intersex gonads was found in the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. ► High levels o... more ► High prevalence of intersex gonads was found in the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. ► High levels of alkylphenols were measured in fish bile. ► VTG protein was detected in the plasma of undifferentiated, male and intersex fish. ► Levels of phthalate and organotins measured in sediments are of great concern. ► This study provided evidence of EDs presence in the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. a b s t r a c t

Environmental Pollution, 2008

Application of biomarkers in red mullets is promising to assess environmental pollution in the NW... more Application of biomarkers in red mullets is promising to assess environmental pollution in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2012

Several accidental spills in European coastal areas have resulted in the release of different tox... more Several accidental spills in European coastal areas have resulted in the release of different toxic compounds into the marine environment, such as heavy fuel oil type no. 6 in the "Erika" and "Prestige" oil spills and the highly toxic styrene after the loss of the "Ievoli Sun". There is a clear need to develop tools that might allow assessing the biological impact of these accidental spills on aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the short-term effects and recovery after exposure of juvenile fish (Scophthalmus maximus) to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene by using a battery of molecular, cell and tissue level biomarkers. Turbots were exposed to styrene for 7 days and to the diluted soluble fraction of the oil (10%) for 14 days, and then allowed to recover in clean seawater for the same time periods. cyp1a1 transcript was overexpressed in turbots after 3 and 14 days of exposure to heavy fuel oil, whereas ahr transcription was not modulated after heavy fuel oil and styrene exposure. ppar˛ transcription level was significantly up-regulated after 3 days of treatment with styrene. Liver activity of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) was significantly induced after 14 days of oil exposure, but it was not affected by styrene. Hepatocyte lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was significantly reduced after exposure to both treatments, indicating that the tested compounds significantly impaired fish health. Both AOX and LMS values returned to control levels after the recovery period. No differences in gamete development were observed between fuel-or styrene-exposed fish and control fish, and vitellogenin plasma levels were low, suggesting no xenoestrogenic effects of fuel oil or styrene. While styrene did not cause any increase in the prevalence of liver histopathological alterations, prevalence of extensive cell vacuolization increased after exposure to heavy fuel oil for 14 days. In conclusion, the suite of selected biomarkers proved to be useful to determine the early impact of and recovery from exposure to tested compounds in turbot.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006

The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the peroxisome proliferator dibutylphthal... more The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the peroxisome proliferator dibutylphthalate (DBP) and the xenoestrogen 17␣-ethynylestradiol (EE 2 ) on liver peroxisomes, reproduction, and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). In experiment 1, newly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed for five weeks, covering the entire period of sexual determination, to nominal concentrations of 25 and 100 g/L of DBP and 5 g/L of EE 2 . In experiment 2, adult female zebrafish were exposed for 15 d to 100 and 500 g/L of DBP and 5 g/L of EE 2 , and afterward, they were paired with untreated males to study the effects in the resultant offspring. Ethynylestradiol provoked marked mortality (ϳ50%) and delayed development of larvae as well as sterility of adult females, possibly related to alterations in aromatase gene expression. Ethynylestradiol up-regulated vitellogenin expression in the early life stages and increased vitellogenin synthesis and accumulation in adult females. Ethynylestradiol caused liver peroxisome proliferation in early life stages but not in adult females. Dibutylphthalate caused teratogenic effects in early life stages and mortality of the larvae obtained from exposed females. Dibutylphthalate provoked liver peroxisome proliferation and up-regulation of cytochrome P450A1 in early life stages at the end of the exposure and in adult females. Dibutylphthalate also upregulated the expression of aromatase genes. In conclusion, the xenoestrogen EE 2 caused liver peroxisome proliferation in early life stages of zebrafish, but the peroxisome proliferator DBP did not behave as a typical xenoestrogen. Overall, changes in gene expression were more marked during early life stages than in adult female zebrafish.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2013

Native and caged mussels were used in combination for the monitoring of pollution biological effe... more Native and caged mussels were used in combination for the monitoring of pollution biological effects through an integrative biomarker approach. Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were deployed in cages in two well-known model localities with different pollution levels in the Basque coast. After 3 weeks caged and native mussels were collected from each site and a suite of effect and exposure biomarkers (from molecular/cellular to organism level) was applied and chemical contaminants (metals, PAHs, PCBs, phthalates and nonylphenol ethoxylates) were analytically determined. Integrative biomarker indices and pollutant indices of tissues were calculated. Several biomarkers used herein responded similarly in native and caged mussels, whereas others exhibited significant differences. Overall, biomarkers ina-suite depicted site-specific profiles useful for the diagnostic of mussel health status and therefore for ecosystem health assessment in marine pollution biomonitoring. On the other hand, biomarkers and bioaccumulation exhibited different response times, which was especially evident when comparing biomarker and pollutant indices of tissues. The suite of biomarkers was more sensitive after caging (short-term response), whereas tissue pollutant concentrations were more sensitive in native mussels (long-term response). Thus, the combination of native and caged mussels is highly recommended to monitor biological effects of pollution in mussels through the integrative biomarker approach, especially in chronically polluted sites.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2010

According to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), alkylphenols, such as octylphenols and... more According to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), alkylphenols, such as octylphenols and nonylphenols, and 17β-oestradiol are considered as priority or emerging pollutants, respectively, mainly due to their possible properties as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs are accumulated in liver, fat, kidney and bile in the glucuronide form. In order to determine the concentration of these compounds in bile, an enzymatic hydrolysis step is necessary. This step is usually long (∼16 h), and in this sense, ultrasound probes were studied as a possible alternative energy source to accelerate this process. Enzymatic hydrolysis was reduced to 20 min using an ultrasound probe at one cycle and 10% of amplitude. For validation of analytical procedure, nonylphenol glucuronide (4NP-G), 4-tert-octylphenol glucuronide (4tOP-G) and 4-n-octylphenol glucuronide (4nOP-G) were synthesised while 17β-oestradiol glucuronide (E2-G) was commercially available. Bile from thick-lip grey mullets (Chelon labrosus) was spiked with known amounts of 4NP-G, 4tOP-G, 4nOP-G and E2-G and submitted to the optimised procedure. Good recoveries (77-122%), precision in the 5% to 12% range and limits of detection, ranging from the low nanogramme per gramme level for 4tOP, 4nOP and E2 to the low microgramme per gramme level for nonylphenols, were obtained.

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2014

Increasing use of nanomaterials is resulting in their release into the environment, making necess... more Increasing use of nanomaterials is resulting in their release into the environment, making necessary to determine the toxicity of these materials. With this aim, the effects of CuO, ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) on zebrafish development were assessed in comparison with the effects caused by the ionic forms (for copper and zinc), bulk counterparts and the stabilizer used for rutile TiO 2 NPs. None of the NPs caused significant embryo mortality. CuO NPs were the most toxic affecting hatching and increasing malformation prevalence (C1 mg Cu/L), followed by ZnO NPs that affected hatching at C5 mg Zn/L and stabilized TiO 2 NPs that caused mortality and decreased hatching at 100 mg Ti/L. Exposure to the stabilizer alone provoked the same effect. Thus, toxicity of the TiO 2 NP suspension can be linked to the surfactant. For all the endpoints, the greatest effects were exerted by the ionic forms, followed by the NPs and finally by the bulk compounds. By autometallography, metal-bearing deposits were observed in embryos exposed to CuO and ZnO NPs, being more abundant in the case of embryos exposed to CuO NPs. The largest and most abundant metalbearing deposits were detected in embryos exposed to ionic copper. In conclusion, metal oxide NPs affected zebrafish development altering hatching and increasing the prevalence of malformations. Thus, the use and release of metal oxide NPs to the environment may pose a risk to aquatic organisms as a result of the toxicity caused by NPs themselves or by the additives used in their production.

Concerns are increasing about the effects that the growing presence of engineered nanoparticles (... more Concerns are increasing about the effects that the growing presence of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment could produce to biota. In this context, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been shown to be a useful model to study the biological effects of NPs. The aim of this work was to study the effects produced by CuO, Ag and CdS NPs (0.01 mg/L) in adult zebrafish in comparison to those produced by the dissolved metals. Samples were collected at 3 and 21 days of exposure and at 6 months post--exposure. By the end of the exposure, relevant mortality was only observed in fish exposed to both ionic (67%) and NP (71%) forms of Cd. According to the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) test all tested NPs significantly impaired general health status. Genotoxic effects measured using the micronucleus test in erythrocytes were not observed. Histopathological (HP) analysis performed after 21 days of exposure revealed altered structure of gill lamellae in all treated animals, while no relevant alterations were detected in liver. After 21 days of exposure, metal bioaccumulation was detected by autometallography in intestine cells of all exposed fish, being specially apparent in silver exposed ones, and weaker in copper exposures. Accordingly increased metal content quantified in whole fish by ICP--AES. Overall our results indicate that zebrafish exposure to CuO, Ag and CdS NPs results in metal accumulation that leads to toxic effects, being LMS and HP alterations of gills sensitive parameters of NP exposure. CdS NPs resulted the most toxic, followed by Ag and CuO NPs.