Mohamed TRAORE - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed TRAORE

Forests

Wood characteristics and properties are related to various factors connected to the biochemical p... more Wood characteristics and properties are related to various factors connected to the biochemical processes that occur in the tree during wood formation, but also, to the interactions with the environmental conditions at the tree growing location. In addition to climatic factors, several investigations drew attention to the significance of the influence of other environmental parameters at the tree growing location. In this perspective, this work aimed to characterize the variation in color and chemical composition of timber wood from different locations in southern Mali, of trees growing under the same climatic conditions. To do so, a total of 68 grounded wood samples, from 4 timber wood species (Daniellia oliveri, Isoberlinia doka, Khaya senegalensis, and Pterocarpus erinaceus), were analyzed using CIELab color space and FTIR-ATR. Overall, the results indicated that the variation in wood color and chemical properties can be related to the local environmental conditions. Pterocarpus ...

The issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The la... more The issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Infestation by a moth woodborer species is causing mortality of Sonneratia alba Sm. mangrove by t... more Infestation by a moth woodborer species is causing mortality of Sonneratia alba Sm. mangrove by tunneling through the inner bark, cambium and conductive tissue. Infestation leads to death of some infested branches, whereas in other cases infested branches have been observed to recover from infestation. We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the differences in macromolecule (polysaccharide and lignin) content present in branches that died (D) of the infestation, those that recovered (R) from the infestation and control branches (C) that were not subject to any infestation. Wood samples were taken from four sampling plots (A, B, C and D) in Gazi Bay (Kenya). From each of the four plots, 15 S. alba branches were taken from five trees, from which 1 cm thick discs were cut from each of these branches to be used as samples. To identify the most characteristic FTIR bands for the three groups of samples, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on t...

NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2012

The article introduces the diagnostic studies reported in this special issue and prepares the rea... more The article introduces the diagnostic studies reported in this special issue and prepares the reader for understanding their full portent, not only as stand-alone articles but also as an expression of a research programme with a common purpose and scientific objective. As such, the article introduces the focus of the CoS-SIS programme on the nexus between farmer practices and institutional context, and primes the reader on the special challenges posed by diagnosis of this nexus. The diagnostic studies scoped the landscape and the regime but mainly as these might impact the niche. What is reported is 'the view from the niche'. The article explains the structure of the research programme and the role of the PhD researchers in it. It further describes a number of methodological issues common to all.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

BackgroundThe disparity of harvesting locations can influence the chemical composition of a plant... more BackgroundThe disparity of harvesting locations can influence the chemical composition of a plant species, which could affect its quality and bioactivity.Terminalia albidais widely used in traditional Guinean medicine whose activity against malaria has been validated in vitro and in murine models. The present work investigated the antimalarial properties and chemical composition of two samples ofT. albidacollected from different locations in Guinea.MethodT. albidasamples were collected in different locations in Guinea, in Dubréka prefecture (West maritime Guinea) and in Kankan prefecture (eastern Guinea). The identity of the samples was confirmed by molecular analysis. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of the two extracts was determined against the chloroquine resistant strain PfK1. In vivo, extracts (100 mg/kg) were tested in two experimental murine models, respectively infected withP. chabaudi chabaudiandP. berghei ANKA.The chemical composition of the two samples was assessed by ul...

Open Journal of Medical Imaging

A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ran... more A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging tool used at all stages of treatment. We had initiated this study with the objective of specifying the place of CT in the diagnosis of primary bronchopulmonary cancer at the hospital of Mali. Method: This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted by the Medical Imaging and Thoracic Surgery departments at Mali Hospital from March 2014 to February 2015. All the patients who have benefited from a CT scan and presenting at least one histologically confirmed bronchopulmonary tumor were included. Results: We were recruiting 60 patients with bronchopulmonary cancers out of 500 referred for a thoracic CT scan performed, a frequency of 12%. There was one male patient with a sex ratio of 4H/1F. The average age was 60 years. The history of smoking was 85%. The symptoms were dominated by general condition (63.33%), cough (25%) and haemoptysis (58.33%). CT scans were performed in all patients. The lesions were located more in the lower lobes (71%). The tumours were: heterogeneous tissue density (70%), spiculated contours (80%), and the histology was more non-small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Introduction: Improving maternal and child health is a worldwide priority. An estimated 8.1 milli... more Introduction: Improving maternal and child health is a worldwide priority. An estimated 8.1 million children under five die each year. Approximately 1,000 women, most of whom live in developing countries, die every day from complications of pregnancy or childbirth. The objective of this work was to assess the availability of mother's and child's medicines at the level of the community health center VI of the Bamako district, Mali. Materials and methods: This were a prospective cross-sectional study which was took place in Bamako in the community health center VI in 12 months over the period from November 2019 to October 2020. We carried out a survey in the 11 community health center VI. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results: In this study, the sex ratio was 2.66. Half of the people surveyed were doctors (50%) who assumed the role of DTC (Technical Director of the Center). As for the profiles of managers, in our sample, accountants w...

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Cowpea occupies a considerable place in the nutritional and economic balance of the rural populat... more Cowpea occupies a considerable place in the nutritional and economic balance of the rural population of Burkina Faso. However, its cultivation is marked by yield instability linked to soil depletion of nutrients, especially N and P, and irregular rains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization with the rock phosphate named BurkinaP, on the spatial and temporal variability of cowpea nodulation and yield. A multilocation test was conducted in 12 and 16 farmers’fields in 2013 and 2014, respectively, in 3 villages of 3 provinces of the northern region of Burkina Faso. Two treatments were compared: zaï without (ZS) and zaï with BurkinaP (ZP). Overall, dry weights of nodules and shoots at flowering stage, and grain at harvest, were significantly increased by BurkinaP. It is concluded that in soils where low availability of P limits crop yields of cowpea especially in arid sud-saharan areas of West Africa, the input of BurkinaP can improve cowpea N...

Journal of Immunological Sciences, 2021

Background: One of the four key strategies of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is h... more Background: One of the four key strategies of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is high immunization coverage, with oral polio vaccine as part of routine immunization schedules. However, given the weak routine immunization structures in the African Region, coverage is enhanced with supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), and mop-up immunizations. Unfortunately, anecdotal information show that vaccination teams sometimes omit some catchments areas without immunization. This paper thus describes the use of “Call Centers” in detecting missed populations and taking prompt corrective action. Method: The study was based on review of call records during polio supplemental immunization campaigns in Bol Districts in Chad from February to May 2018. The immunization coverage resulting from these campaigns was compared with that of February 2018. A compilation of data – details on communities, community leaders, and their phone numbers was performed. On the eve of the campaign...

Journal of Immunological Sciences, 2021

Introduction: Chad is a country within the Lake Chad sub region, currently at risk for poliovirus... more Introduction: Chad is a country within the Lake Chad sub region, currently at risk for poliovirus infection. The Lake Chad Task Team on polio eradication in this sub region made significant efforts to reduce the risk of polio transmission in Chad by tacking immunization teams in the Island Settlement using a Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This article demonstrates the application of GIS technology to track vaccination teams to monitor immunization coverage in the Island settlements, reduce the number of missed settlements, to provide evidence for vaccination implementation and accountability and improve team performance. Methods: In each district where tracking was conducted, global positioning system–enabled Android phones were given to each team on a daily basis and were used to record team tracks. These tracks were uploaded to a dashboard to show the level of coverage and identify areas missed by the teams. Results: In 2018, tracking covered 30 immunization days,...

Cowpea plays a considerable role in the nutritional balance and rural economic of Burkina Faso. H... more Cowpea plays a considerable role in the nutritional balance and rural economic of Burkina Faso. However, its farming is marked by yields instability related to drought and soil depletion of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. In this study factorial trials were carried out in 12 farmers' fields in the northern Soudano-sahelian region of Burkina Faso, in view to compare nodulation and growth of cowpea without and with rock phosphate (25% P and 10% Ca) applied at the dose of 313 kg ha-1. Although a large variation was observed between trial sites, the cowpea nodule dry weight increased from 21±2 without rock phosphate to 30±3 mg plant-1 with rock phosphate. The shoot biomass increased from 9±2 g to 13±1 mg plant-1, and grain yield from 564±1 kg ha-1 to 687±2 kg ha-1. However the benefit of the Burkina rock phosphate was much higher in trials where the nodulation of cowpea was the highest. It is concluded that the supply of Burkina rock phosphate could significantly im...

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014

The use of phytomedicine to treat many chronic diseases as diabetes is current in developing coun... more The use of phytomedicine to treat many chronic diseases as diabetes is current in developing countries and pharmacological data in some case support this use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Englerina lecardii leaves in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. An open label study design was designed to examine the effects of leave of Englerina lecardii at a dose of 15g/day in three divided doses during 90 days in 31 subjects with type 2 diabetes. 25 patients (9 men and 16 women ; age ) completed the study. On average, glycaemia at the end of treatment was decreased by 80 mg/dl (+-xx). Only mild and temporary side effects were observed, without leading to interrupt the treatment. In conclusion, the use of Englerina lecardii showed significant hypoglycemic effect without any major side effect. These data need to be confirm in a standard double blinded clinical trial.

European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2021

Cet article est une étude expérimentale pour de connaitre la caractérisation et la quantification... more Cet article est une étude expérimentale pour de connaitre la caractérisation et la quantification des déchets solides ménagers du quartier de Faladié dans la commune VI du District de Bamako. A Faladié, comme dans la plupart des communes de Bamako avec comme problématiques environnementales majeures, une insalubrité alarmante, qui accentue en partie les maladies comme : le paludisme, la fièvre typhoïde, le choléra, les infections respiratoires, les anémies, .... C’est dans ce contexte que la présente étude, voulant résorber l’épineuse problématique qu’est la gestion des ordures ménagères, a été coordonnée pour connaitre « la caractérisation des déchets ménagers au niveau des dépôts intermédiaires et finaux d’une part ; et de contribuer à la mise en place d’un système de tri adapté à Faladié d’autre part ». L’approche méthodologique d’échantillonnage utilisée pour déterminer la taille d’échantillon de déchets à trier est définie par la production journalière d’ordures ménagères d’un ...

Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014

Based on an ethnobotanical survey related to inflammatory diseases, 67Guinean plant species belon... more Based on an ethnobotanical survey related to inflammatory diseases, 67Guinean plant species belonging to 35 botanical families were inventoried. Some plant species frequently used in the treatment of rheumatism, skin diseases and microbial infections were selected and submitted to a biological investigation including antimicrobial and anticomplement activities. At a concentration of 1mg/ml, all the tested extracts were devoid of any activity against the tested fungi viz Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum and showed a cytotoxicity varying from 0.25 to 500 µg/ml which prevented the evaluation of possible antiviral effects against herpes simplexvirus type 1, Coxsackie-B2, Measle Edmondston A, Poliomyelitis virus type 1, Semliki forest L10 and Vesicular stomatitis virus for viruses. At 1mg/ml, only the extracts ofAgeratum conyzoides, Alchornea cordifolia, Acanthospermum hispidum, Erythrina senegalensis, Harungana madagascariensis, Hymenocardia acida, and Lophir...

La question du developpement inclusif dans les pays en developpement est au cœur de cette these. ... more La question du developpement inclusif dans les pays en developpement est au cœur de cette these. Cette derniere s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions de politique fiscale et les questions liees a la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 1 explore comment la politique fiscale de l’Etat affecte l'inclusivite de la croissance dans les pays en developpement. Nous observons que la politique fiscale affecte la croissance inclusive de maniere significative si et seulement si les pays ont de fortes qualites institutionnelles. En outre, notre resultat montre qu'il existe un seuil optimal au-dela duquel toute augmentation du taux d'imposition negativement la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets des composantes des depenses publiques sur l'equite et la croissance dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, notamment s'il est possible de concevoir des depenses publiques en vue de promouvoir une societe plus equitable sans sacrifier la croissanc...

Open Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Introduction: Intracranial suppurations are neoformed purulent collections including, in decreasi... more Introduction: Intracranial suppurations are neoformed purulent collections including, in decreasing order, cerebral abscesses, subdural empyemas and extradural empyemas. Otorhinolaryngologic infections are one of the main causes, especially in older children and adolescents. We report 3 clinical cases of endocranial suppurations treated at the Mali Hospital. Clinical Cases: 1) Observation 1. IK was a 14-year-old boy, who was hospitalized in our department for fever, headache and left hemiplegia. The emergency brain scan showed a right frontal and interhemispheric subdural empyema associated with multifocal sinusitis. Surgical drainage associated with ceftriaxone: 100 mg/Kg/d in direct intravenous (DI), metronidazole: 10 mg/Kgs/12hours in slow intravenous (SI) for 15 days, gentamycin: 3 mg/Kgs/d in SI for 3 days, paracetamol 15 mg/Kgs/6hours in SI, 10% glucose serum: 100 ml/Kg/d were given. The bacteriological analysis of the pus came back sterile. The postoperative period was calm. 2) Observation 2. This was a 14-year-old boy with a history of headaches who was admitted to our department for left hemiplegia. An emergency brain scan showed a right pre-suppurative encephalitis associated with a right fronto-ethmoidal and maxillary sinusitis. He was put on ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/d in DI for 21 days, gentamycin: 3 mg/Kg/d in SI for 3 days; metronidazole: 10 mg/kg/12hours in SI for 21 days, paracetamol: 15 mg/kg/6hours in SI. After 3 weeks of medical treatment, a follow-up brain scan revealed an interhemispheric and right subdural empyema. Surgical drainage was associated with the triple antibiotic therapy initially instituted. The bacteriological analysis of the pus was sterile. The postoperative course was calm. 3) Observation 3. N.

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2020

Slow spinal compressions are due to the development of an expansive process in the spinal canal. ... more Slow spinal compressions are due to the development of an expansive process in the spinal canal. It is a very common pathology, the diagnosis of which is mainly clinical. However, magnetic resonance imaging occupies an essential place in the site diagnosis and etiological research in the management. Non-traumatic spinal cord compression is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, requiring early and appropriate management. MRI is the benchmark imaging examination for this pathology. No similar previous MRI study in Mali. We undertook this work with the aim to determine the place of MRI in the diagnosis of spinal cord compressions in Mali hospital. Method and Patients: This was a descriptive retrospective study, carried out at the hospital's medical imaging department from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 (02 years). It involved all patients, regardless of sex and age, sent for an MRI examination of the spine, and in whom spinal cord compression was diagnosed. We used a 0.35T low-field MRI machine with solid-state antennas.

MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2019

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019

Ethnopharmacological relevance. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in lowand mi... more Ethnopharmacological relevance. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in lowand middle-income countries, and in many African countries including Guinea medicinal plants are still widely used for its treatment. Materials and Methods. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in two Guinean urban districts (Pounthioun and Dowsare), to describe its management and to collect information on traditional herbal remedies. A total of 316 participants entered the study, 28.2% (89/316) men and 71.8% (227/316) women. Of these, 181 were from Dowsare (50 men and 131 women) and 135 from Pounthioun (39 men and 96 women). The mean age of subjects was 40.8±14.0 years (range18-88years), while the majority of subjects (63.3% or 200/316) were 45 to 74 years old. Results. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 44.9% (142/316): 46.4% (84/181) from Dowsare and 43.0% (58/135) from Pounthioun. Ethnobotanical investigations among hypertensive patients led to the collection of 15 plant species, among which Hymenocardia acida leaves and Uapaca togoensis stem bark were the most cited. Phytochemical investigation of these two plant species led to the isolation and identification of isovitexin and isoorientin from H. acida, and betulinic acid and lupeol from U. togoensis. Conclusion. The presence of these constituents in Hymenocardia acida leaves and Uapaca togoensis stem bark may at least in part support their traditional use against hypertension in Guinea. Key words: Hypertension; ethnobotanical investigation; Hymenocardia acida leaves; Uapaca togoensis stem bark 2.3. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 for Windows (SPSS). Bivariate comparisons were performed using x 2 test for categorical variables. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 2.4. Ethical considerations Approval of the internal Ethic Committee of CRVPM-Dubreka was obtained before the initiation of the study. The information sheet and/or oral consent form (available in both French and Foulani (the local language) were read and explained to each participant who, if agreeing to take part, gave consent either by signing his or her name or applying a left thumbprint. 2.5. Phytochemical analysis 2.5.1. Plant Material Plant materials consisted of Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Phyllanthaceae) leaves and Uapaca togoensis Pax (Phyllanthaceae) stem barks which were harvested in Labe (November 2010). Their botanical identification was done by the botanists from the ''CRVPM-Dubreka''. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the CRVPM: No. D61HK1 and D172HK1 for H. acida and U. togoensis, respectively. Each plant part was dried at room temperature and reduced to powder. 2.5.2. Chemical screening: Based on standard qualitative methods (Harborne, 1973; Wagner and Bladt, 1996) the plant extracts were screened for the presence of chemical constituents such as cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoid, anthraquinones and carbohydrates. The methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were submitted to Thin Layer Chromatography TLC on silica gel Merck 60 F254 plates (layer thickness 0.2 mm) with a mobile phase of ethyl acetate / acetic acid / formic acid / water (74:1:1:24; upper phase) for flavonoids; hexane / ethyl acetate (1:1) for terpenes and sterols; chloroform / acetone / ammonia solution 25% (8:2:0.5) for alkaloids.

Forests

Wood characteristics and properties are related to various factors connected to the biochemical p... more Wood characteristics and properties are related to various factors connected to the biochemical processes that occur in the tree during wood formation, but also, to the interactions with the environmental conditions at the tree growing location. In addition to climatic factors, several investigations drew attention to the significance of the influence of other environmental parameters at the tree growing location. In this perspective, this work aimed to characterize the variation in color and chemical composition of timber wood from different locations in southern Mali, of trees growing under the same climatic conditions. To do so, a total of 68 grounded wood samples, from 4 timber wood species (Daniellia oliveri, Isoberlinia doka, Khaya senegalensis, and Pterocarpus erinaceus), were analyzed using CIELab color space and FTIR-ATR. Overall, the results indicated that the variation in wood color and chemical properties can be related to the local environmental conditions. Pterocarpus ...

The issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The la... more The issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Infestation by a moth woodborer species is causing mortality of Sonneratia alba Sm. mangrove by t... more Infestation by a moth woodborer species is causing mortality of Sonneratia alba Sm. mangrove by tunneling through the inner bark, cambium and conductive tissue. Infestation leads to death of some infested branches, whereas in other cases infested branches have been observed to recover from infestation. We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the differences in macromolecule (polysaccharide and lignin) content present in branches that died (D) of the infestation, those that recovered (R) from the infestation and control branches (C) that were not subject to any infestation. Wood samples were taken from four sampling plots (A, B, C and D) in Gazi Bay (Kenya). From each of the four plots, 15 S. alba branches were taken from five trees, from which 1 cm thick discs were cut from each of these branches to be used as samples. To identify the most characteristic FTIR bands for the three groups of samples, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on t...

NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2012

The article introduces the diagnostic studies reported in this special issue and prepares the rea... more The article introduces the diagnostic studies reported in this special issue and prepares the reader for understanding their full portent, not only as stand-alone articles but also as an expression of a research programme with a common purpose and scientific objective. As such, the article introduces the focus of the CoS-SIS programme on the nexus between farmer practices and institutional context, and primes the reader on the special challenges posed by diagnosis of this nexus. The diagnostic studies scoped the landscape and the regime but mainly as these might impact the niche. What is reported is 'the view from the niche'. The article explains the structure of the research programme and the role of the PhD researchers in it. It further describes a number of methodological issues common to all.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

BackgroundThe disparity of harvesting locations can influence the chemical composition of a plant... more BackgroundThe disparity of harvesting locations can influence the chemical composition of a plant species, which could affect its quality and bioactivity.Terminalia albidais widely used in traditional Guinean medicine whose activity against malaria has been validated in vitro and in murine models. The present work investigated the antimalarial properties and chemical composition of two samples ofT. albidacollected from different locations in Guinea.MethodT. albidasamples were collected in different locations in Guinea, in Dubréka prefecture (West maritime Guinea) and in Kankan prefecture (eastern Guinea). The identity of the samples was confirmed by molecular analysis. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of the two extracts was determined against the chloroquine resistant strain PfK1. In vivo, extracts (100 mg/kg) were tested in two experimental murine models, respectively infected withP. chabaudi chabaudiandP. berghei ANKA.The chemical composition of the two samples was assessed by ul...

Open Journal of Medical Imaging

A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ran... more A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging tool used at all stages of treatment. We had initiated this study with the objective of specifying the place of CT in the diagnosis of primary bronchopulmonary cancer at the hospital of Mali. Method: This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted by the Medical Imaging and Thoracic Surgery departments at Mali Hospital from March 2014 to February 2015. All the patients who have benefited from a CT scan and presenting at least one histologically confirmed bronchopulmonary tumor were included. Results: We were recruiting 60 patients with bronchopulmonary cancers out of 500 referred for a thoracic CT scan performed, a frequency of 12%. There was one male patient with a sex ratio of 4H/1F. The average age was 60 years. The history of smoking was 85%. The symptoms were dominated by general condition (63.33%), cough (25%) and haemoptysis (58.33%). CT scans were performed in all patients. The lesions were located more in the lower lobes (71%). The tumours were: heterogeneous tissue density (70%), spiculated contours (80%), and the histology was more non-small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Introduction: Improving maternal and child health is a worldwide priority. An estimated 8.1 milli... more Introduction: Improving maternal and child health is a worldwide priority. An estimated 8.1 million children under five die each year. Approximately 1,000 women, most of whom live in developing countries, die every day from complications of pregnancy or childbirth. The objective of this work was to assess the availability of mother's and child's medicines at the level of the community health center VI of the Bamako district, Mali. Materials and methods: This were a prospective cross-sectional study which was took place in Bamako in the community health center VI in 12 months over the period from November 2019 to October 2020. We carried out a survey in the 11 community health center VI. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results: In this study, the sex ratio was 2.66. Half of the people surveyed were doctors (50%) who assumed the role of DTC (Technical Director of the Center). As for the profiles of managers, in our sample, accountants w...

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

Cowpea occupies a considerable place in the nutritional and economic balance of the rural populat... more Cowpea occupies a considerable place in the nutritional and economic balance of the rural population of Burkina Faso. However, its cultivation is marked by yield instability linked to soil depletion of nutrients, especially N and P, and irregular rains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization with the rock phosphate named BurkinaP, on the spatial and temporal variability of cowpea nodulation and yield. A multilocation test was conducted in 12 and 16 farmers’fields in 2013 and 2014, respectively, in 3 villages of 3 provinces of the northern region of Burkina Faso. Two treatments were compared: zaï without (ZS) and zaï with BurkinaP (ZP). Overall, dry weights of nodules and shoots at flowering stage, and grain at harvest, were significantly increased by BurkinaP. It is concluded that in soils where low availability of P limits crop yields of cowpea especially in arid sud-saharan areas of West Africa, the input of BurkinaP can improve cowpea N...

Journal of Immunological Sciences, 2021

Background: One of the four key strategies of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is h... more Background: One of the four key strategies of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is high immunization coverage, with oral polio vaccine as part of routine immunization schedules. However, given the weak routine immunization structures in the African Region, coverage is enhanced with supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), and mop-up immunizations. Unfortunately, anecdotal information show that vaccination teams sometimes omit some catchments areas without immunization. This paper thus describes the use of “Call Centers” in detecting missed populations and taking prompt corrective action. Method: The study was based on review of call records during polio supplemental immunization campaigns in Bol Districts in Chad from February to May 2018. The immunization coverage resulting from these campaigns was compared with that of February 2018. A compilation of data – details on communities, community leaders, and their phone numbers was performed. On the eve of the campaign...

Journal of Immunological Sciences, 2021

Introduction: Chad is a country within the Lake Chad sub region, currently at risk for poliovirus... more Introduction: Chad is a country within the Lake Chad sub region, currently at risk for poliovirus infection. The Lake Chad Task Team on polio eradication in this sub region made significant efforts to reduce the risk of polio transmission in Chad by tacking immunization teams in the Island Settlement using a Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This article demonstrates the application of GIS technology to track vaccination teams to monitor immunization coverage in the Island settlements, reduce the number of missed settlements, to provide evidence for vaccination implementation and accountability and improve team performance. Methods: In each district where tracking was conducted, global positioning system–enabled Android phones were given to each team on a daily basis and were used to record team tracks. These tracks were uploaded to a dashboard to show the level of coverage and identify areas missed by the teams. Results: In 2018, tracking covered 30 immunization days,...

Cowpea plays a considerable role in the nutritional balance and rural economic of Burkina Faso. H... more Cowpea plays a considerable role in the nutritional balance and rural economic of Burkina Faso. However, its farming is marked by yields instability related to drought and soil depletion of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. In this study factorial trials were carried out in 12 farmers' fields in the northern Soudano-sahelian region of Burkina Faso, in view to compare nodulation and growth of cowpea without and with rock phosphate (25% P and 10% Ca) applied at the dose of 313 kg ha-1. Although a large variation was observed between trial sites, the cowpea nodule dry weight increased from 21±2 without rock phosphate to 30±3 mg plant-1 with rock phosphate. The shoot biomass increased from 9±2 g to 13±1 mg plant-1, and grain yield from 564±1 kg ha-1 to 687±2 kg ha-1. However the benefit of the Burkina rock phosphate was much higher in trials where the nodulation of cowpea was the highest. It is concluded that the supply of Burkina rock phosphate could significantly im...

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014

The use of phytomedicine to treat many chronic diseases as diabetes is current in developing coun... more The use of phytomedicine to treat many chronic diseases as diabetes is current in developing countries and pharmacological data in some case support this use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Englerina lecardii leaves in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. An open label study design was designed to examine the effects of leave of Englerina lecardii at a dose of 15g/day in three divided doses during 90 days in 31 subjects with type 2 diabetes. 25 patients (9 men and 16 women ; age ) completed the study. On average, glycaemia at the end of treatment was decreased by 80 mg/dl (+-xx). Only mild and temporary side effects were observed, without leading to interrupt the treatment. In conclusion, the use of Englerina lecardii showed significant hypoglycemic effect without any major side effect. These data need to be confirm in a standard double blinded clinical trial.

European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2021

Cet article est une étude expérimentale pour de connaitre la caractérisation et la quantification... more Cet article est une étude expérimentale pour de connaitre la caractérisation et la quantification des déchets solides ménagers du quartier de Faladié dans la commune VI du District de Bamako. A Faladié, comme dans la plupart des communes de Bamako avec comme problématiques environnementales majeures, une insalubrité alarmante, qui accentue en partie les maladies comme : le paludisme, la fièvre typhoïde, le choléra, les infections respiratoires, les anémies, .... C’est dans ce contexte que la présente étude, voulant résorber l’épineuse problématique qu’est la gestion des ordures ménagères, a été coordonnée pour connaitre « la caractérisation des déchets ménagers au niveau des dépôts intermédiaires et finaux d’une part ; et de contribuer à la mise en place d’un système de tri adapté à Faladié d’autre part ». L’approche méthodologique d’échantillonnage utilisée pour déterminer la taille d’échantillon de déchets à trier est définie par la production journalière d’ordures ménagères d’un ...

Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014

Based on an ethnobotanical survey related to inflammatory diseases, 67Guinean plant species belon... more Based on an ethnobotanical survey related to inflammatory diseases, 67Guinean plant species belonging to 35 botanical families were inventoried. Some plant species frequently used in the treatment of rheumatism, skin diseases and microbial infections were selected and submitted to a biological investigation including antimicrobial and anticomplement activities. At a concentration of 1mg/ml, all the tested extracts were devoid of any activity against the tested fungi viz Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum and showed a cytotoxicity varying from 0.25 to 500 µg/ml which prevented the evaluation of possible antiviral effects against herpes simplexvirus type 1, Coxsackie-B2, Measle Edmondston A, Poliomyelitis virus type 1, Semliki forest L10 and Vesicular stomatitis virus for viruses. At 1mg/ml, only the extracts ofAgeratum conyzoides, Alchornea cordifolia, Acanthospermum hispidum, Erythrina senegalensis, Harungana madagascariensis, Hymenocardia acida, and Lophir...

La question du developpement inclusif dans les pays en developpement est au cœur de cette these. ... more La question du developpement inclusif dans les pays en developpement est au cœur de cette these. Cette derniere s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions de politique fiscale et les questions liees a la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 1 explore comment la politique fiscale de l’Etat affecte l'inclusivite de la croissance dans les pays en developpement. Nous observons que la politique fiscale affecte la croissance inclusive de maniere significative si et seulement si les pays ont de fortes qualites institutionnelles. En outre, notre resultat montre qu'il existe un seuil optimal au-dela duquel toute augmentation du taux d'imposition negativement la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets des composantes des depenses publiques sur l'equite et la croissance dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, notamment s'il est possible de concevoir des depenses publiques en vue de promouvoir une societe plus equitable sans sacrifier la croissanc...

Open Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Introduction: Intracranial suppurations are neoformed purulent collections including, in decreasi... more Introduction: Intracranial suppurations are neoformed purulent collections including, in decreasing order, cerebral abscesses, subdural empyemas and extradural empyemas. Otorhinolaryngologic infections are one of the main causes, especially in older children and adolescents. We report 3 clinical cases of endocranial suppurations treated at the Mali Hospital. Clinical Cases: 1) Observation 1. IK was a 14-year-old boy, who was hospitalized in our department for fever, headache and left hemiplegia. The emergency brain scan showed a right frontal and interhemispheric subdural empyema associated with multifocal sinusitis. Surgical drainage associated with ceftriaxone: 100 mg/Kg/d in direct intravenous (DI), metronidazole: 10 mg/Kgs/12hours in slow intravenous (SI) for 15 days, gentamycin: 3 mg/Kgs/d in SI for 3 days, paracetamol 15 mg/Kgs/6hours in SI, 10% glucose serum: 100 ml/Kg/d were given. The bacteriological analysis of the pus came back sterile. The postoperative period was calm. 2) Observation 2. This was a 14-year-old boy with a history of headaches who was admitted to our department for left hemiplegia. An emergency brain scan showed a right pre-suppurative encephalitis associated with a right fronto-ethmoidal and maxillary sinusitis. He was put on ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/d in DI for 21 days, gentamycin: 3 mg/Kg/d in SI for 3 days; metronidazole: 10 mg/kg/12hours in SI for 21 days, paracetamol: 15 mg/kg/6hours in SI. After 3 weeks of medical treatment, a follow-up brain scan revealed an interhemispheric and right subdural empyema. Surgical drainage was associated with the triple antibiotic therapy initially instituted. The bacteriological analysis of the pus was sterile. The postoperative course was calm. 3) Observation 3. N.

Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 2020

Slow spinal compressions are due to the development of an expansive process in the spinal canal. ... more Slow spinal compressions are due to the development of an expansive process in the spinal canal. It is a very common pathology, the diagnosis of which is mainly clinical. However, magnetic resonance imaging occupies an essential place in the site diagnosis and etiological research in the management. Non-traumatic spinal cord compression is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, requiring early and appropriate management. MRI is the benchmark imaging examination for this pathology. No similar previous MRI study in Mali. We undertook this work with the aim to determine the place of MRI in the diagnosis of spinal cord compressions in Mali hospital. Method and Patients: This was a descriptive retrospective study, carried out at the hospital's medical imaging department from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 (02 years). It involved all patients, regardless of sex and age, sent for an MRI examination of the spine, and in whom spinal cord compression was diagnosed. We used a 0.35T low-field MRI machine with solid-state antennas.

MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2019

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019

Ethnopharmacological relevance. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in lowand mi... more Ethnopharmacological relevance. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in lowand middle-income countries, and in many African countries including Guinea medicinal plants are still widely used for its treatment. Materials and Methods. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in two Guinean urban districts (Pounthioun and Dowsare), to describe its management and to collect information on traditional herbal remedies. A total of 316 participants entered the study, 28.2% (89/316) men and 71.8% (227/316) women. Of these, 181 were from Dowsare (50 men and 131 women) and 135 from Pounthioun (39 men and 96 women). The mean age of subjects was 40.8±14.0 years (range18-88years), while the majority of subjects (63.3% or 200/316) were 45 to 74 years old. Results. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 44.9% (142/316): 46.4% (84/181) from Dowsare and 43.0% (58/135) from Pounthioun. Ethnobotanical investigations among hypertensive patients led to the collection of 15 plant species, among which Hymenocardia acida leaves and Uapaca togoensis stem bark were the most cited. Phytochemical investigation of these two plant species led to the isolation and identification of isovitexin and isoorientin from H. acida, and betulinic acid and lupeol from U. togoensis. Conclusion. The presence of these constituents in Hymenocardia acida leaves and Uapaca togoensis stem bark may at least in part support their traditional use against hypertension in Guinea. Key words: Hypertension; ethnobotanical investigation; Hymenocardia acida leaves; Uapaca togoensis stem bark 2.3. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 for Windows (SPSS). Bivariate comparisons were performed using x 2 test for categorical variables. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 2.4. Ethical considerations Approval of the internal Ethic Committee of CRVPM-Dubreka was obtained before the initiation of the study. The information sheet and/or oral consent form (available in both French and Foulani (the local language) were read and explained to each participant who, if agreeing to take part, gave consent either by signing his or her name or applying a left thumbprint. 2.5. Phytochemical analysis 2.5.1. Plant Material Plant materials consisted of Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Phyllanthaceae) leaves and Uapaca togoensis Pax (Phyllanthaceae) stem barks which were harvested in Labe (November 2010). Their botanical identification was done by the botanists from the ''CRVPM-Dubreka''. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the CRVPM: No. D61HK1 and D172HK1 for H. acida and U. togoensis, respectively. Each plant part was dried at room temperature and reduced to powder. 2.5.2. Chemical screening: Based on standard qualitative methods (Harborne, 1973; Wagner and Bladt, 1996) the plant extracts were screened for the presence of chemical constituents such as cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoid, anthraquinones and carbohydrates. The methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were submitted to Thin Layer Chromatography TLC on silica gel Merck 60 F254 plates (layer thickness 0.2 mm) with a mobile phase of ethyl acetate / acetic acid / formic acid / water (74:1:1:24; upper phase) for flavonoids; hexane / ethyl acetate (1:1) for terpenes and sterols; chloroform / acetone / ammonia solution 25% (8:2:0.5) for alkaloids.