Mohammad Al-Yamani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mohammad Al-Yamani
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 1, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of residents of Saudi Arabia on the an... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of residents of Saudi Arabia on the antibiotic use and its storage. This was a cross-sectional study. A pre-validated questionnaire was self-administered after translation into Arabic. Demographic factors associated with respondents' knowledge were identified by multiple logistic regressions. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-IBM) version 23. The questionnaires were completed by 654 (55.50% males and 44.50% females). About three-fifth (66%) of the respondents were in age group of 18-28 years and almost half (48%) of them were with academic degree. Our studies demonstrated a significant difference of average knowledge on antibiotic use as well as on its storage among different age groups and educational level (t = 1.27, p < 0.05). The younger age group, 18-28 years, (OR = 2.40, 2.44) and academic degree holders (OR = 2.48, 2.98) exhibited a greater knowledge on, both knowledge on use and storage of antibiotics, respectively. The knowledge on antibiotic use and its storage is not uniform and consistent across different sections of the society. Hence there is a need to develop innovative tools and educational models to spread the awareness among general public on importance of rational use and storage of antibiotics.
Vaccines, Feb 23, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Sep 1, 2020
The unprecedented challenge faced by mankind due to emergence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pand... more The unprecedented challenge faced by mankind due to emergence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has obligated researchers across the globe to develop effective medicine for prevention and Q3 treatment of this deadly infection. The aim of this review is to compile recently published research articles on anti-COVID 19 management with their benefits and risk to facilitate decision making of the practitioners and policy makers. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes reported for antivirals are not consistent. Initial favorable reports on lopinavir/ritonavir contradicted by recent studies. Ostalmovir has conflicting reports. Short term therapy of remdesivir claimed to be beneficial. Favipiravir demonstrated good recovery in some of the cases of COVID-19. Umifenovir (Arbidol) was associated with reduction in mortality Q4 in few studies. Overall, until now, U.S. Food and Drug administration issued only emergency use authorization to remdesivir for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease. Q5
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022
Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documen... more Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documented in the literature, the underlying mechanism for exerting such an effect is still not clear. In this research, an attempt was made to determine the possible role of APG for antidepressant activity through serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using standardized animal models. Materials and methods The antidepressant property of APG was determine by involving tail suspension (TST) and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). The effect of APG was evaluated at 25 and 50 mg/kg. In mechanistic models, animals were pretreated with catecholaminergic and serotonergic antagonists prior to administration of APG. The results obtained were statistically analyzed to determine the level of significance. Results The period of immobility in both models (TST and MFST) was significantly reduced by APG (25 and 50 mg/kg). The best therapetuic dose of APG (50 mg/kg) was selected for the mechanistic study. The anti-immobility effect of APG declined to a significant extent upon pretreatment with catecholaminergic antagonists (α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester; SCH 23390; sulpiride; phentolamine) and serotonergic inhibitors (p-clorophenylalanine-methyl-ester; ondansetron) in both TST and MFST models. The antidepressant benefits of apigenin were only modestly reversed when rats were given propranolol. Conclusions The findings suggest that APG's antidepressant effect is mediated by the α-adrenergic, dopaminergic and 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022
Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documen... more Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documented in the literature, the underlying mechanism for exerting such an effect is still not clear. In this research, an attempt was made to determine the possible role of APG for antidepressant activity through serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using standardized animal models. Materials and methods The antidepressant property of APG was determine by involving tail suspension (TST) and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). The effect of APG was evaluated at 25 and 50 mg/kg. In mechanistic models, animals were pretreated with catecholaminergic and serotonergic antagonists prior to administration of APG. The results obtained were statistically analyzed to determine the level of significance. Results The period of immobility in both models (TST and MFST) was significantly reduced by APG (25 and 50 mg/kg). The best therapetuic dose of APG (50 mg/kg) was selected for the mechanistic study. The anti-immobility effect of APG declined to a significant extent upon pretreatment with catecholaminergic antagonists (α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester; SCH 23390; sulpiride; phentolamine) and serotonergic inhibitors (p-clorophenylalanine-methyl-ester; ondansetron) in both TST and MFST models. The antidepressant benefits of apigenin were only modestly reversed when rats were given propranolol. Conclusions The findings suggest that APG's antidepressant effect is mediated by the α-adrenergic, dopaminergic and 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors.
enumeration of lactic bacteria in foods of plants origin using media based on cucumber and pepper... more enumeration of lactic bacteria in foods of plants origin using media based on cucumber and pepper juices
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
Background: Intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortitis are easily confused on imaging but exhibit ver... more Background: Intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortitis are easily confused on imaging but exhibit very different pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis. Case: A 54yo Mexican male with no PMH had CXR to followup pneumonia, showing abnormal aortic contours. CT Chest (pictured) showed aortic wall thickening up to 2cm in the ascending aorta, arch, and proximal descending aorta, involving RCA and LCx, read as type A intramural hematoma. The patient was emergently called in for operative aortic grafting 12h after CT. Decision-Making: The patient arrived asymptomatic, prompting serial CTs for progression. Negative D-Dimer and CT findings of patchy involvement of abdominal aorta, lymphadenopathy, increasing density in venous phase, no hyperdensity of noncontrast phase, suggest aortitis rather than IMH. Exhaustive workup of rheumatologic and infectious aortitis yielded only positive interferon-gamma release assay for latent or active TB. ESR and CRP slightly elevated. EBUS FNA of lymph node was unremarkable. MRI spin-echo "Black Blood" was obtained to definitively rule out IMH, showing clear aortitis and periaortitis. The patient was empirically treated for active TB with plan for followup imaging in November. Conclusions: This case highlights the pathophysiology and workup of IMH and aortitis, and features on imaging, labwork, and history that distinguish them. Imaging and history in classic IMH, Takayasu and giant cell arteritis, bacterial, and tuberculous aortitis cases are presented.
Maturitas, 1998
Objecti6e: The objective was to assess whether menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms had a low... more Objecti6e: The objective was to assess whether menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms had a lower stress-coping than menopausal women without symptoms and if stress-coping changed when vasomotor symptoms had been effectively treated with estrogens. The objective was also to assess whether menopausal women, effectively treated for vasomotor symptoms, had a higher neuroticism score than women without such symptoms. Methods: Two groups of physically and mentally healthy postmenopausal women were recruited from the outpatient clinic at the
International Urology and Nephrology, 1994
Polysulfone (PSF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were recently introduced haemodialysis (HD) membran... more Polysulfone (PSF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were recently introduced haemodialysis (HD) membranes. The effect of each on vancomycin disposition was compared with cuprophan (SCE) in 12 chronic HD patients who received 14 infusions. Vancomycin (1 g) was infused over 1 hour, followed by three 4-hour HD sessions over 5 days, beginning I hour after the end of infusion. The intradialytic clearances of vancomycin were 73, 54 and 15 mb'min for PSF, PAN and SCE, respectively. At the end of the third tID session, vancomycin concentration dropped to subtherapeutic level (<7.5 ~tg/ml) only in patients dialysed with PSF and PAN. The corresponding elimination half-lives (till3) were 61, 60 and 86 hours for the three membranes, respectively. According to these findings, vancomycin should be given every three HI) sessions for PSF and PAN. The dosage interval should be extended up to every 5 HD sessions for patients on SCE. The peak (mean+S.D.) obtained one hour after the end of infusion was 34.2+11.4 pg/ml, which is within the therapeutic range.
Forensic Science International, 1998
Measurements of age-related changes in dental tissues are often used when estimating the age of a... more Measurements of age-related changes in dental tissues are often used when estimating the age of an individual. With the new technology now available, the methods of measurement might be standardized and reproducible. The purpose of the present study was to compare the reliability of manual and computer-assisted measurements of morphological parameters in dental radiographs. Manual measurements were made conventionally using a pair of vernier callipers and a stereomicroscope with a measuring eyepiece. An image analysis software program was employed for the computer assisted measurements. Lengths and widths of tooth and pulp were measured both manually and with computer assistance on periapical radiographs from 40 patients, six teeth in each patient. Statistical analyses showed no significant intra- or inter-observer differences for the manual measurements. Statistically significant intra- and inter-observer differences were, however, found between the manual and computer-assisted measurements. The results implied that, despite advanced technology, conventional methods may be better suited for measuring linear morphological parameters in dental tissue.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oct 1, 2005
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nov 1, 2007
ABSTRACT This study was done to compare the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of gemifl... more ABSTRACT This study was done to compare the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of gemifloxacin (gemifloxacin 320 mg/tablet) with that of the reference product (factive 320 mg/tablet). The bioequivalence of a single dose (320 mg) was assessed for gemifloxacin included in the test and reference products by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the plasma concentration-time profiles following administration to 24 healthy male volunteers in a balanced, 2-period, 2-sequence, 2-way crossover design. Plasma concentrations of gemifloxacin were analyzed by a validated and sensitive HPLC assay developed in-house. The mean plasma concentration-time profiles are almost superimposable. 18 ANOVAs were performed to compare gemifloxacin plasma levels of the two formulations at each sampling time and there were no statistical differences between the two formulations. The parameters used to measure bioavailability were AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax and they were calculated by a model-independent method. The parametric 90% confidence intervals of the mean values for the test/reference ratio were in each case well within the bioequivalence acceptable boundaries of 80-125% for AUCo-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax. Data obtained in this study prove, by appropriate statistical methods, the essential similarity of plasma levels of gemifloxacin from the test product with those from the reference product suggesting equal clinical efficacy of these two products.
Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, Jul 1, 2000
The two formulations were: Uroxin ® (Julphar, United Arab Emirates) as test and Noroxin ® (Merck ... more The two formulations were: Uroxin ® (Julphar, United Arab Emirates) as test and Noroxin ® (Merck Sharpe & Dohme, BV, Netherlands). Both test and reference formulations were administered to each subject after an overnight fasting on 2 treatment days separated by 1 week wash-out period. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 24 h. Plasma harvested from blood, was analysed for norfloxacin by a sensitive, reproducible and accurate HPLC method. Various pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC 0-t , AUC 0-, C max , T max , T 1/2 , and K el were determined from plasma concentrations for both the formulations and found to be in good agreement with reported values. AUC 0-t , AUC 0-, and C max were tested for bioequivalence after log-transformation of data. No significant difference was found based on ANOVA; 90% confidence interval for test/reference ratio of these parameters were found within a bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. Based on these statistical inferences, it was concluded that Uroxin ® is bioequivalent to Noroxin ® .
Analytical Letters, May 1, 1994
An HPLC method for quantitative determination of glibenclamide in human plasma is described. The ... more An HPLC method for quantitative determination of glibenclamide in human plasma is described. The methodology is based on simple one step extraction of glibenclamide and diazepam (internal standard) from human plasma with dichloromethane. The drugs were eluted from a resolve 5 u spherical C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate:methanol (40:60%, v/v) adjusted to
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2005
Abstract: A rapid, simple, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible high performance liquid chromato... more Abstract: A rapid, simple, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantification of clavulanic acid (CA) in human plasma using metronidazole as an internal standard has been developed and validated. Following derivatization with ...
Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Jun 1, 1998
Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 2003
Objective: To examine public opinion in Saudi Arabia regarding the technical drug package insert ... more Objective: To examine public opinion in Saudi Arabia regarding the technical drug package insert (PI) as a source of information and to assess the need for potential changes to the existing format in favor of a more patient-oriented package insert (PPI). Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March through May 1998 by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Eighty-four community pharmacies in Riyadh. Participants: Two thousand twenty-nine customers entering community pharmacies in Riyadh were enrolled in this survey. Results: Results of the survey showed that 88% of the respondents read the PI. The motives for reading the PI included the desire to know more about the medication (48.7%), to adhere to the prescription (21.7%), and to decide whether to take the medication (13.1%). From the list of information contained therein, respondents listed indications (47.1%) and adverse drug effects (46.6%) as the principal sections of interest. Respondents overwhelmin...
Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2004
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new capsule formulation o... more This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new capsule formulation of doxycycline (100 mg), doxycin, relative to the reference product, vibramycin (100 mg) capsules. The bioavailability was carried out in 24 healthy male volunteers who received a single dose (100 mg) of the test (A) and the reference (B) products after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on 2 treatment days. The treatment periods were separated by a 2-week washout period. A randomized, balanced 2-way cross-over design was used. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were analyzed by a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The pharmacokinetic parameters for doxycycline were determined using standard noncompartmental methods. The parameters AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax, K(el), t(1/2) and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were analyzed statistically using log-transformed data. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) was analyzed using raw data. The parametric 90% confidence intervals of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were within the range 80-125% which is acceptable for bioequivalence (using log-transformed data). The calculated 90% confidence intervals based on the ANOVA analysis of the mean test/reference ratios of AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were 95.98-109.56%, 92.21 to 107.66%, 93.90-112.56%, and 96.0 to 106.91% respectively. The test formulation was found bioequivalent to the reference formulation with regard to AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) by the Schuirmann's two 1-sided t-tests. Therefore, the 2 formulations were considered to be bioequivalent.
European Journal of Neurology, 1999
We determined the Michaelis‐Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) in 271 Saudi epileptic patients havin... more We determined the Michaelis‐Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) in 271 Saudi epileptic patients having generalized tonicclonic seizures and who were treated with phenytoin (PHT) using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patients comprised 150 (55.4%) males and 121 (44.6%) females, with a mean age of 31.7 years (SD = 18.5). The mean Vmax, for subjects less than 16 years of age was 10.35 mg/kg/day (SD = 0.73, range = 3.77‐17.01), while for those above 16 years, the mean value was 7.99 mg/kg/day (SD = 0.15, range = 3.68–15.95). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Vmax was positively correlated with weight (r= 0.953), but negative with age (r= 0.903). Km values ranged from 1.01‐20.87 mg/litre. The adult Km mean of 6.52 mg/l (SD = 0.24) was significantly higher than the mean of 4.79 mg/l (SD = 0.40) for pediatric patients (P < 0.01), but Km was correlated neither with age nor with weight. Our results showed no difference between the predicted and obser...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 1, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of residents of Saudi Arabia on the an... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of residents of Saudi Arabia on the antibiotic use and its storage. This was a cross-sectional study. A pre-validated questionnaire was self-administered after translation into Arabic. Demographic factors associated with respondents' knowledge were identified by multiple logistic regressions. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-IBM) version 23. The questionnaires were completed by 654 (55.50% males and 44.50% females). About three-fifth (66%) of the respondents were in age group of 18-28 years and almost half (48%) of them were with academic degree. Our studies demonstrated a significant difference of average knowledge on antibiotic use as well as on its storage among different age groups and educational level (t = 1.27, p < 0.05). The younger age group, 18-28 years, (OR = 2.40, 2.44) and academic degree holders (OR = 2.48, 2.98) exhibited a greater knowledge on, both knowledge on use and storage of antibiotics, respectively. The knowledge on antibiotic use and its storage is not uniform and consistent across different sections of the society. Hence there is a need to develop innovative tools and educational models to spread the awareness among general public on importance of rational use and storage of antibiotics.
Vaccines, Feb 23, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Sep 1, 2020
The unprecedented challenge faced by mankind due to emergence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pand... more The unprecedented challenge faced by mankind due to emergence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has obligated researchers across the globe to develop effective medicine for prevention and Q3 treatment of this deadly infection. The aim of this review is to compile recently published research articles on anti-COVID 19 management with their benefits and risk to facilitate decision making of the practitioners and policy makers. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes reported for antivirals are not consistent. Initial favorable reports on lopinavir/ritonavir contradicted by recent studies. Ostalmovir has conflicting reports. Short term therapy of remdesivir claimed to be beneficial. Favipiravir demonstrated good recovery in some of the cases of COVID-19. Umifenovir (Arbidol) was associated with reduction in mortality Q4 in few studies. Overall, until now, U.S. Food and Drug administration issued only emergency use authorization to remdesivir for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease. Q5
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022
Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documen... more Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documented in the literature, the underlying mechanism for exerting such an effect is still not clear. In this research, an attempt was made to determine the possible role of APG for antidepressant activity through serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using standardized animal models. Materials and methods The antidepressant property of APG was determine by involving tail suspension (TST) and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). The effect of APG was evaluated at 25 and 50 mg/kg. In mechanistic models, animals were pretreated with catecholaminergic and serotonergic antagonists prior to administration of APG. The results obtained were statistically analyzed to determine the level of significance. Results The period of immobility in both models (TST and MFST) was significantly reduced by APG (25 and 50 mg/kg). The best therapetuic dose of APG (50 mg/kg) was selected for the mechanistic study. The anti-immobility effect of APG declined to a significant extent upon pretreatment with catecholaminergic antagonists (α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester; SCH 23390; sulpiride; phentolamine) and serotonergic inhibitors (p-clorophenylalanine-methyl-ester; ondansetron) in both TST and MFST models. The antidepressant benefits of apigenin were only modestly reversed when rats were given propranolol. Conclusions The findings suggest that APG's antidepressant effect is mediated by the α-adrenergic, dopaminergic and 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022
Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documen... more Background and objective Although, the anti-depressant like effects of apigenin (APG) are documented in the literature, the underlying mechanism for exerting such an effect is still not clear. In this research, an attempt was made to determine the possible role of APG for antidepressant activity through serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using standardized animal models. Materials and methods The antidepressant property of APG was determine by involving tail suspension (TST) and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). The effect of APG was evaluated at 25 and 50 mg/kg. In mechanistic models, animals were pretreated with catecholaminergic and serotonergic antagonists prior to administration of APG. The results obtained were statistically analyzed to determine the level of significance. Results The period of immobility in both models (TST and MFST) was significantly reduced by APG (25 and 50 mg/kg). The best therapetuic dose of APG (50 mg/kg) was selected for the mechanistic study. The anti-immobility effect of APG declined to a significant extent upon pretreatment with catecholaminergic antagonists (α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester; SCH 23390; sulpiride; phentolamine) and serotonergic inhibitors (p-clorophenylalanine-methyl-ester; ondansetron) in both TST and MFST models. The antidepressant benefits of apigenin were only modestly reversed when rats were given propranolol. Conclusions The findings suggest that APG's antidepressant effect is mediated by the α-adrenergic, dopaminergic and 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors.
enumeration of lactic bacteria in foods of plants origin using media based on cucumber and pepper... more enumeration of lactic bacteria in foods of plants origin using media based on cucumber and pepper juices
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
Background: Intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortitis are easily confused on imaging but exhibit ver... more Background: Intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortitis are easily confused on imaging but exhibit very different pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis. Case: A 54yo Mexican male with no PMH had CXR to followup pneumonia, showing abnormal aortic contours. CT Chest (pictured) showed aortic wall thickening up to 2cm in the ascending aorta, arch, and proximal descending aorta, involving RCA and LCx, read as type A intramural hematoma. The patient was emergently called in for operative aortic grafting 12h after CT. Decision-Making: The patient arrived asymptomatic, prompting serial CTs for progression. Negative D-Dimer and CT findings of patchy involvement of abdominal aorta, lymphadenopathy, increasing density in venous phase, no hyperdensity of noncontrast phase, suggest aortitis rather than IMH. Exhaustive workup of rheumatologic and infectious aortitis yielded only positive interferon-gamma release assay for latent or active TB. ESR and CRP slightly elevated. EBUS FNA of lymph node was unremarkable. MRI spin-echo "Black Blood" was obtained to definitively rule out IMH, showing clear aortitis and periaortitis. The patient was empirically treated for active TB with plan for followup imaging in November. Conclusions: This case highlights the pathophysiology and workup of IMH and aortitis, and features on imaging, labwork, and history that distinguish them. Imaging and history in classic IMH, Takayasu and giant cell arteritis, bacterial, and tuberculous aortitis cases are presented.
Maturitas, 1998
Objecti6e: The objective was to assess whether menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms had a low... more Objecti6e: The objective was to assess whether menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms had a lower stress-coping than menopausal women without symptoms and if stress-coping changed when vasomotor symptoms had been effectively treated with estrogens. The objective was also to assess whether menopausal women, effectively treated for vasomotor symptoms, had a higher neuroticism score than women without such symptoms. Methods: Two groups of physically and mentally healthy postmenopausal women were recruited from the outpatient clinic at the
International Urology and Nephrology, 1994
Polysulfone (PSF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were recently introduced haemodialysis (HD) membran... more Polysulfone (PSF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were recently introduced haemodialysis (HD) membranes. The effect of each on vancomycin disposition was compared with cuprophan (SCE) in 12 chronic HD patients who received 14 infusions. Vancomycin (1 g) was infused over 1 hour, followed by three 4-hour HD sessions over 5 days, beginning I hour after the end of infusion. The intradialytic clearances of vancomycin were 73, 54 and 15 mb'min for PSF, PAN and SCE, respectively. At the end of the third tID session, vancomycin concentration dropped to subtherapeutic level (<7.5 ~tg/ml) only in patients dialysed with PSF and PAN. The corresponding elimination half-lives (till3) were 61, 60 and 86 hours for the three membranes, respectively. According to these findings, vancomycin should be given every three HI) sessions for PSF and PAN. The dosage interval should be extended up to every 5 HD sessions for patients on SCE. The peak (mean+S.D.) obtained one hour after the end of infusion was 34.2+11.4 pg/ml, which is within the therapeutic range.
Forensic Science International, 1998
Measurements of age-related changes in dental tissues are often used when estimating the age of a... more Measurements of age-related changes in dental tissues are often used when estimating the age of an individual. With the new technology now available, the methods of measurement might be standardized and reproducible. The purpose of the present study was to compare the reliability of manual and computer-assisted measurements of morphological parameters in dental radiographs. Manual measurements were made conventionally using a pair of vernier callipers and a stereomicroscope with a measuring eyepiece. An image analysis software program was employed for the computer assisted measurements. Lengths and widths of tooth and pulp were measured both manually and with computer assistance on periapical radiographs from 40 patients, six teeth in each patient. Statistical analyses showed no significant intra- or inter-observer differences for the manual measurements. Statistically significant intra- and inter-observer differences were, however, found between the manual and computer-assisted measurements. The results implied that, despite advanced technology, conventional methods may be better suited for measuring linear morphological parameters in dental tissue.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oct 1, 2005
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nov 1, 2007
ABSTRACT This study was done to compare the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of gemifl... more ABSTRACT This study was done to compare the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of gemifloxacin (gemifloxacin 320 mg/tablet) with that of the reference product (factive 320 mg/tablet). The bioequivalence of a single dose (320 mg) was assessed for gemifloxacin included in the test and reference products by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the plasma concentration-time profiles following administration to 24 healthy male volunteers in a balanced, 2-period, 2-sequence, 2-way crossover design. Plasma concentrations of gemifloxacin were analyzed by a validated and sensitive HPLC assay developed in-house. The mean plasma concentration-time profiles are almost superimposable. 18 ANOVAs were performed to compare gemifloxacin plasma levels of the two formulations at each sampling time and there were no statistical differences between the two formulations. The parameters used to measure bioavailability were AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax and they were calculated by a model-independent method. The parametric 90% confidence intervals of the mean values for the test/reference ratio were in each case well within the bioequivalence acceptable boundaries of 80-125% for AUCo-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax. Data obtained in this study prove, by appropriate statistical methods, the essential similarity of plasma levels of gemifloxacin from the test product with those from the reference product suggesting equal clinical efficacy of these two products.
Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, Jul 1, 2000
The two formulations were: Uroxin ® (Julphar, United Arab Emirates) as test and Noroxin ® (Merck ... more The two formulations were: Uroxin ® (Julphar, United Arab Emirates) as test and Noroxin ® (Merck Sharpe & Dohme, BV, Netherlands). Both test and reference formulations were administered to each subject after an overnight fasting on 2 treatment days separated by 1 week wash-out period. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 24 h. Plasma harvested from blood, was analysed for norfloxacin by a sensitive, reproducible and accurate HPLC method. Various pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC 0-t , AUC 0-, C max , T max , T 1/2 , and K el were determined from plasma concentrations for both the formulations and found to be in good agreement with reported values. AUC 0-t , AUC 0-, and C max were tested for bioequivalence after log-transformation of data. No significant difference was found based on ANOVA; 90% confidence interval for test/reference ratio of these parameters were found within a bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. Based on these statistical inferences, it was concluded that Uroxin ® is bioequivalent to Noroxin ® .
Analytical Letters, May 1, 1994
An HPLC method for quantitative determination of glibenclamide in human plasma is described. The ... more An HPLC method for quantitative determination of glibenclamide in human plasma is described. The methodology is based on simple one step extraction of glibenclamide and diazepam (internal standard) from human plasma with dichloromethane. The drugs were eluted from a resolve 5 u spherical C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate:methanol (40:60%, v/v) adjusted to
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2005
Abstract: A rapid, simple, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible high performance liquid chromato... more Abstract: A rapid, simple, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantification of clavulanic acid (CA) in human plasma using metronidazole as an internal standard has been developed and validated. Following derivatization with ...
Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, Jun 1, 1998
Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 2003
Objective: To examine public opinion in Saudi Arabia regarding the technical drug package insert ... more Objective: To examine public opinion in Saudi Arabia regarding the technical drug package insert (PI) as a source of information and to assess the need for potential changes to the existing format in favor of a more patient-oriented package insert (PPI). Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March through May 1998 by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Eighty-four community pharmacies in Riyadh. Participants: Two thousand twenty-nine customers entering community pharmacies in Riyadh were enrolled in this survey. Results: Results of the survey showed that 88% of the respondents read the PI. The motives for reading the PI included the desire to know more about the medication (48.7%), to adhere to the prescription (21.7%), and to decide whether to take the medication (13.1%). From the list of information contained therein, respondents listed indications (47.1%) and adverse drug effects (46.6%) as the principal sections of interest. Respondents overwhelmin...
Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2004
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new capsule formulation o... more This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new capsule formulation of doxycycline (100 mg), doxycin, relative to the reference product, vibramycin (100 mg) capsules. The bioavailability was carried out in 24 healthy male volunteers who received a single dose (100 mg) of the test (A) and the reference (B) products after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on 2 treatment days. The treatment periods were separated by a 2-week washout period. A randomized, balanced 2-way cross-over design was used. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were analyzed by a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The pharmacokinetic parameters for doxycycline were determined using standard noncompartmental methods. The parameters AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax, K(el), t(1/2) and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were analyzed statistically using log-transformed data. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) was analyzed using raw data. The parametric 90% confidence intervals of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were within the range 80-125% which is acceptable for bioequivalence (using log-transformed data). The calculated 90% confidence intervals based on the ANOVA analysis of the mean test/reference ratios of AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) were 95.98-109.56%, 92.21 to 107.66%, 93.90-112.56%, and 96.0 to 106.91% respectively. The test formulation was found bioequivalent to the reference formulation with regard to AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax and Cmax/AUC(0-infinity) by the Schuirmann's two 1-sided t-tests. Therefore, the 2 formulations were considered to be bioequivalent.
European Journal of Neurology, 1999
We determined the Michaelis‐Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) in 271 Saudi epileptic patients havin... more We determined the Michaelis‐Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) in 271 Saudi epileptic patients having generalized tonicclonic seizures and who were treated with phenytoin (PHT) using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patients comprised 150 (55.4%) males and 121 (44.6%) females, with a mean age of 31.7 years (SD = 18.5). The mean Vmax, for subjects less than 16 years of age was 10.35 mg/kg/day (SD = 0.73, range = 3.77‐17.01), while for those above 16 years, the mean value was 7.99 mg/kg/day (SD = 0.15, range = 3.68–15.95). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Vmax was positively correlated with weight (r= 0.953), but negative with age (r= 0.903). Km values ranged from 1.01‐20.87 mg/litre. The adult Km mean of 6.52 mg/l (SD = 0.24) was significantly higher than the mean of 4.79 mg/l (SD = 0.40) for pediatric patients (P < 0.01), but Km was correlated neither with age nor with weight. Our results showed no difference between the predicted and obser...