Mohammad Aminul Islam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohammad Aminul Islam

This article was published in the Horizon [© 2011 Department of English, University of Chittagong... more This article was published in the Horizon [© 2011 Department of English, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh].

Sustainability, 2021

The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique is commonly employed for texturing the wafer... more The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique is commonly employed for texturing the wafer surfaces when fabricating black silicon (BSi) solar cells and is considered to be a potential technique to improve the efficiency of traditional Si-based solar cells. This article aims to review the MACE technique along with its mechanism for Ag-, Cu- and Ni-assisted etching. Primarily, several essential aspects of the fabrication of BSi are discussed, including chemical reaction, etching direction, mass transfer, and the overall etching process of the MACE method. Thereafter, three metal catalysts (Ag, Cu, and Ni) are critically analyzed to identify their roles in producing cost-effective and sustainable BSi solar cells with higher quality and efficiency. The conducted study revealed that Ag-etched BSi wafers are more suitable for the growth of higher quality and efficiency Si solar cells compared to Cu- and Ni-etched BSi wafers. However, both Cu and Ni seem to be more cost-effective a...

Veterinary Medicine and Science, 2021

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Sustainability, 2021

The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts ... more The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts the manufacturer’s concern since several studies reveal a degradation rate higher than 0.8% per year for the silicon-based technology and reached up to 2.76% per year in a harsh climate. The lifetime of the PV modules is decreased because of numerous degradation modes. Electromigration and delamination are two failure modes that play a significant role in PV modules’ output power losses. The correlations of these two phenomena are not sufficiently explained and understood like other failures such as corrosion and potential-induced degradation. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to elaborate on the correlation and the influence of delamination and electromigration on PV module components such as metallization and organic materials to ensure the reliability of the PV modules. Moreover, the effects, causes, and the sites that tend to face these failures, particularly the silicon solar ce...

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020

Background: There is increasing concern around the use of antibiotics in animal food production a... more Background: There is increasing concern around the use of antibiotics in animal food production and the risk of transmission of antimicrobial resistance within the food chain. In many low and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, the commercial poultry sector comprises small-scale producers who are dependent on credit from poultry dealers to buy day-old chicks and poultry feed. The same dealers also supply and promote antibiotics. The credit system is reliant upon informal relationships among multiple actors as part of social capital. This paper aims to describe dependencies and relationships between different actors within unregulated broiler poultry production systems to understand the social and contextual determinants of antibiotic use in low-resource settings. Methods: We used a cross-sectional qualitative design including in-depth interviews among purposefully selected commercial poultry farmers (n = 10), poultry dealers (n = 5), sales representatives of livestock pharmaceutical companies (n = 3) and the local government livestock officer as a key-informant (n = 1). We describe the food production cycle and practices relating to credit purchases and sales using social capital theory. Findings: Poultry dealers provide credit and information for small-scale poultry farmers to initiate and operate their business. In return for credit, farmers are obliged to buy poultry feed and medicine from their dealer and sell their market-ready poultry to that same dealer. All farms applied multiple antibiotics to poultry throughout the production cycle, including banned antibiotics such as colistin sulfate. The relationship between dealers and poultry farmers is reciprocal but mostly regulated by the dealers. Dealers were the main influencers of decision-making by farmers, particularly around antibiotic use as an integral part of the production cycle risk management. Our findings suggest that strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship and responsible use should exploit the patron-client relationship which provides the social and information network for small-scale farmers. Masud et al. Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production Conclusion: Social capital theory can be applied to the patron-client relationship observed among poultry farmers and dealers in Bangladesh to identify influences on decision making and antibiotic use. Within unregulated food production systems, strategies to promote the prudent use of antibiotics should target commercial feed producers and livestock pharmaceutical manufacturers as a first step in developing a sustainable poultry value chain.

Journal of Dhaka Medical College, 2020

Back ground: Malignant pleural effusion can cause significant morbidity to terminal patients. Dra... more Back ground: Malignant pleural effusion can cause significant morbidity to terminal patients. Drainage and control pleural effusion can provide great palliation and improve the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which agent, bleomycin or talc pouring for pleurodesis is superior in terms of effectiveness, safety and cost. Methods: It is a prospective randomized clinical trial from January 2013 to December 2014. A series of 38 patients entered in this trial. Inclusion criteria was diagnosed case of malignant pleural effusion either by fluid cytology or by pleural biopsy. Exclusion criteria was trapped lung, loculated effusions and life expectancy <1 month. Five grams of talc in 50ml of normal saline or 1 unit per kg body weight of bleomycin mixed in 50 ml of normal saline, was administered via chest tube thoracostomy after minimum drainage <100 ml daily in each patient. Treatment success was defined as the absence of recurrent pleural ef...

mSphere, 2020

Escherichia coli is reported in high levels in household soil in low-income settings. When E. col... more Escherichia coli is reported in high levels in household soil in low-income settings. When E. coli reaches a soil environment, different mechanisms, including survival, clonal expansion, and genetic exchange, have the potential to either maintain or generate E. coli variants with capabilities of causing harm to people. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing to identify that E. coli isolates collected from rural Bangladeshi household soils, including pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant variants, are diverse and likely originated from multiple diverse sources. In addition, we observed specialization of the accessory genome of this Bangladeshi E. coli compared to E. coli genomes available in current sequence databases. Thus, to address the high level of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli transmission in low-income settings, interventions should focus on addressing the heterogeneous origins and high diversity.

Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potent... more Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potential exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment due to inadequate sanitation and poor fecal sludge management. Limited data are available on environmental fecal contamination associated with different exposure pathways in urban Dhaka. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the magnitude of fecal contamination in the environment in low-income, high-income, and transient/floating neighborhoods in urban Dhaka. Ten samples were collected from each of 10 environmental compartments in 10 different neighborhoods (4 low-income, 4 high-income and 2 transient/floating neighborhoods). These 1,000 samples were analyzed with the IDEXX-Quanti-Tray technique to determine most-probable-number (MPN) of E. coli. Samples of open drains (6.91 log10 MPN/100 mL), surface water (5.28 log10 MPN/100 mL), floodwater (4.60 log10 MPN/100 mL), produce (3.19 log10 MPN/serving), soil (2.29 log10 ...

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2019

Introduction: In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to a... more Introduction: In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to agricultural lands as manure. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and plasmid contents of E. coli strains isolated from sludge samples. Methodology: E. coli were isolated from human feces from closed pit latrines and identified by culture method. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Pathogenic genes and antibiotic resistance genes of ESBL producing isolates were determined by PCR assay. Results: Of the 34 samples tested, 76.5% contained E. coli. Of 72 E. coli isolates, 76.4% were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested and 47.2% isolates were resistant to three or four classes of antibiotics. Around 18% isolates were extended spectrum β- lactamase producing and of them 6 were positive for blaTEM specific gene, 4 for blaCTX-M gene, 1 for b...

Journal of laboratory physicians

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to life-threatening sepsis and are globally associated wit... more Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to life-threatening sepsis and are globally associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although BSIs require immediate antimicrobial treatment, their prevalence, etiology, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from one country to other. There is a dearth of such data from India. Here, we report the 4-year etiologic data on BSI in trauma patients admitted to a tertiary care referral hospital in New Delhi, India. A retrospective study was conducted at the trauma center between January 2013 and December 2016. The routine microbiological data on bacterial BSI were recorded and determined retrospectively from the laboratory records. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were statistically analyzed. A total of 2017 bacterial strains isolated from blood culture samples were included for microbiological analysis. During the study, the median age of the patients varied from 30 to 35 years, with the percentage of females in the study population va...

BMC microbiology, Jan 31, 2018

In many Asian countries including Bangladesh E. coli O157 are prevalent in animal reservoirs and ... more In many Asian countries including Bangladesh E. coli O157 are prevalent in animal reservoirs and in the food chain, but the incidence of human infection due to E. coli O157 is rare. One of the reasons could be inability of the organism from animal origin to produce sufficient amount of Shiga toxin (Stx), which is the main virulence factor associated with the severe sequelae of infection. This study aimed to fill out this knowledge gap by investigating the toxigenic properties and characteristics of stx phage of E. coli O157 isolated from animal sources in Bangladesh. We analysed 47 stx positive E. coli O157 of food/animal origin for stx gene variants, Shiga toxin production, presence of other virulence genes, stx phage insertion sites, presence of genes associated with functionality of stx phages (Q and Q) and stx upstream region. Of the 47 isolates, 46 were positive for both stx and stx while the remaining isolate was positive for stx only. Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination assay...

Applied and environmental microbiology, Jan 12, 2018

Soils in household environments in low- and middle-income countries may play an important role in... more Soils in household environments in low- and middle-income countries may play an important role in the persistence, proliferation, and transmission of Our goal was to investigate the risk factors for detection, survival, and growth of in soils collected from household plots. was enumerated in soil and fecal samples from human, chicken, and cattle from 52 households in rural Bangladesh. Associations between concentrations in soil, household-level factors, and soil physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and the presence of intestinal pathotypes were evaluated for 175 isolates. The growth and survival of in microcosms using soil collected from the households were also assessed. was isolated from 44.2% of the soil samples with an average of 1.95 log CFU/g dry soil. Soil moisture and clay content were associated with concentration in soil, whereas no household factor was significantly correlated. Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity were com...

DESCRIPTION Oral health, knowledge, practice, school children

Science of Sintering, 2015

A good understanding about the properties of La/Nd doped Bismuth Titanate (BIT) ceramics at high ... more A good understanding about the properties of La/Nd doped Bismuth Titanate (BIT) ceramics at high temperature is very important as the new materials being developed based on the BIT. Pure BIT, La doped (BLT), Nd doped (BNT) and La and Nd co-doped BIT (BLNT) powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Prepared powders were calcined at different temperatures and structural properties measured by XRD. For pure BIT better crystal quality was obtained at 750 0 C and for both BLT and BNT better result obtained at 800 0 C. Calcined powders were formed into pellets and sintered at different temperatures and its dielectric properties were characterized. Optimum sintering temperature for both BLT and BNT showed was 850 0 C and La and Nd co-doped bismuth titanate (BLNT) revealed optimum sintering temperature of 950 0 C. Therefore, optimum sintering temperature of bismuth titanate was increased due to La and Nd doping.

Structural materials are the basic necessity of this advanced society. Thus, to develop new funda... more Structural materials are the basic necessity of this advanced society. Thus, to develop new fundamental materials with higher strength and better resistance to heat changes, one should have basic knowledge about the nanocomposite and their constituents. This book provide basic insight into the general knowledge of nanomaterials with special emphasis towards carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their functionalization and there use in various fabrication of nanocomposites. The development of nanocomposites using nanotube fillers has evolved very quickly owing to unique features (tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity) of CNTs hence it is highly important to understand the driving forces (concentrations, functional groups, chirality, temperature etc) behind homogenous dispersion in the various matrices. Keeping in mind these motivations, we have compiled this book that will provide young researchers with basic knowledge about synthesis of carbon nanotubes and how the several parame...

The influence of CdCl 2 treatment on the properties of thermally evaporated CdTe thin film was in... more The influence of CdCl 2 treatment on the properties of thermally evaporated CdTe thin film was investigated in this analysis to achieve high quality thin films. Thin films of CdTe were deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates at room temperature by thermal evaporation technique. Then the samples were treated by CdCl 2 and subsequently annealed at annealing temperature of 400ºC for 15 minutes. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the grown samples were investigated through XRD, AFM, UV-Vis spectrometry and Hall-effect measurement analysis. The as-deposited films prepared at 25A were found in polycrystalline form, whereas the films prepared at deposition current of 28A and 30A exhibit cubic crystallinity with (111) preferential orientation around 2θ=23.8º. The crystallinity and the carrier concentration of the films were improved for all the CdCl 2 treated films. The surface roughness of the films was also highly affected by the CdCl 2 treatment as it was observ...

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2015

To condense the cost and increase the production, using abundantly obtainable non-toxic elements,... more To condense the cost and increase the production, using abundantly obtainable non-toxic elements, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) seem to be a strong contender among the photovoltaic thin film technologies. Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering system. CZTS were sputtered on Molybdenum (Mo) coated soda lime glass (SLG) using a single target sputtering technique. The sputtering parameters (base pressure, working pressure, Argon (Ar) flow rate, RF power and sputtering time) were kept same for all three types of films. For sulfurization, the temperature used was 500 °C. Finally, As-deposited film was immersed in DIW before undergoing identical sulfurization profile. As-deposited film (Sample A), sulfurized films (Sample B) and sulfurized plus DIW treated (Sample C) were compared in terms of their structural properties by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurement and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Sample B and C showed peak of (1 1 2) planes of CZTS which are characteristics of stannite structur...

Distillation is the most commonly used technique for separating liquid mixtures within the chemic... more Distillation is the most commonly used technique for separating liquid mixtures within the chemical industries despite being an energy and capital intensive process. Generally two types of distillation columns are used in the industries: packed bed distillation column and tray type distillation column and each of them has their own merits and demerits. In the present paper, the shortcomings of a tray column has been eliminated by integrated it with packing materials. The inclusion of packing materials may increase the vapor-liquid contact in the column. The integrated hybrid column is designed and fabricated. Ethanol-water system is used as a model mixture to be separated by distillation. The column is operated at total reflux and compositions at the top and bottom of the column is measured. The overall efficiency of the hybrid column is found to be higher than the tray column.

This article was published in the Horizon [© 2011 Department of English, University of Chittagong... more This article was published in the Horizon [© 2011 Department of English, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh].

Sustainability, 2021

The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique is commonly employed for texturing the wafer... more The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique is commonly employed for texturing the wafer surfaces when fabricating black silicon (BSi) solar cells and is considered to be a potential technique to improve the efficiency of traditional Si-based solar cells. This article aims to review the MACE technique along with its mechanism for Ag-, Cu- and Ni-assisted etching. Primarily, several essential aspects of the fabrication of BSi are discussed, including chemical reaction, etching direction, mass transfer, and the overall etching process of the MACE method. Thereafter, three metal catalysts (Ag, Cu, and Ni) are critically analyzed to identify their roles in producing cost-effective and sustainable BSi solar cells with higher quality and efficiency. The conducted study revealed that Ag-etched BSi wafers are more suitable for the growth of higher quality and efficiency Si solar cells compared to Cu- and Ni-etched BSi wafers. However, both Cu and Ni seem to be more cost-effective a...

Veterinary Medicine and Science, 2021

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Sustainability, 2021

The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts ... more The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts the manufacturer’s concern since several studies reveal a degradation rate higher than 0.8% per year for the silicon-based technology and reached up to 2.76% per year in a harsh climate. The lifetime of the PV modules is decreased because of numerous degradation modes. Electromigration and delamination are two failure modes that play a significant role in PV modules’ output power losses. The correlations of these two phenomena are not sufficiently explained and understood like other failures such as corrosion and potential-induced degradation. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to elaborate on the correlation and the influence of delamination and electromigration on PV module components such as metallization and organic materials to ensure the reliability of the PV modules. Moreover, the effects, causes, and the sites that tend to face these failures, particularly the silicon solar ce...

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020

Background: There is increasing concern around the use of antibiotics in animal food production a... more Background: There is increasing concern around the use of antibiotics in animal food production and the risk of transmission of antimicrobial resistance within the food chain. In many low and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, the commercial poultry sector comprises small-scale producers who are dependent on credit from poultry dealers to buy day-old chicks and poultry feed. The same dealers also supply and promote antibiotics. The credit system is reliant upon informal relationships among multiple actors as part of social capital. This paper aims to describe dependencies and relationships between different actors within unregulated broiler poultry production systems to understand the social and contextual determinants of antibiotic use in low-resource settings. Methods: We used a cross-sectional qualitative design including in-depth interviews among purposefully selected commercial poultry farmers (n = 10), poultry dealers (n = 5), sales representatives of livestock pharmaceutical companies (n = 3) and the local government livestock officer as a key-informant (n = 1). We describe the food production cycle and practices relating to credit purchases and sales using social capital theory. Findings: Poultry dealers provide credit and information for small-scale poultry farmers to initiate and operate their business. In return for credit, farmers are obliged to buy poultry feed and medicine from their dealer and sell their market-ready poultry to that same dealer. All farms applied multiple antibiotics to poultry throughout the production cycle, including banned antibiotics such as colistin sulfate. The relationship between dealers and poultry farmers is reciprocal but mostly regulated by the dealers. Dealers were the main influencers of decision-making by farmers, particularly around antibiotic use as an integral part of the production cycle risk management. Our findings suggest that strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship and responsible use should exploit the patron-client relationship which provides the social and information network for small-scale farmers. Masud et al. Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production Conclusion: Social capital theory can be applied to the patron-client relationship observed among poultry farmers and dealers in Bangladesh to identify influences on decision making and antibiotic use. Within unregulated food production systems, strategies to promote the prudent use of antibiotics should target commercial feed producers and livestock pharmaceutical manufacturers as a first step in developing a sustainable poultry value chain.

Journal of Dhaka Medical College, 2020

Back ground: Malignant pleural effusion can cause significant morbidity to terminal patients. Dra... more Back ground: Malignant pleural effusion can cause significant morbidity to terminal patients. Drainage and control pleural effusion can provide great palliation and improve the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which agent, bleomycin or talc pouring for pleurodesis is superior in terms of effectiveness, safety and cost. Methods: It is a prospective randomized clinical trial from January 2013 to December 2014. A series of 38 patients entered in this trial. Inclusion criteria was diagnosed case of malignant pleural effusion either by fluid cytology or by pleural biopsy. Exclusion criteria was trapped lung, loculated effusions and life expectancy <1 month. Five grams of talc in 50ml of normal saline or 1 unit per kg body weight of bleomycin mixed in 50 ml of normal saline, was administered via chest tube thoracostomy after minimum drainage <100 ml daily in each patient. Treatment success was defined as the absence of recurrent pleural ef...

mSphere, 2020

Escherichia coli is reported in high levels in household soil in low-income settings. When E. col... more Escherichia coli is reported in high levels in household soil in low-income settings. When E. coli reaches a soil environment, different mechanisms, including survival, clonal expansion, and genetic exchange, have the potential to either maintain or generate E. coli variants with capabilities of causing harm to people. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing to identify that E. coli isolates collected from rural Bangladeshi household soils, including pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant variants, are diverse and likely originated from multiple diverse sources. In addition, we observed specialization of the accessory genome of this Bangladeshi E. coli compared to E. coli genomes available in current sequence databases. Thus, to address the high level of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli transmission in low-income settings, interventions should focus on addressing the heterogeneous origins and high diversity.

Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potent... more Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potential exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment due to inadequate sanitation and poor fecal sludge management. Limited data are available on environmental fecal contamination associated with different exposure pathways in urban Dhaka. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the magnitude of fecal contamination in the environment in low-income, high-income, and transient/floating neighborhoods in urban Dhaka. Ten samples were collected from each of 10 environmental compartments in 10 different neighborhoods (4 low-income, 4 high-income and 2 transient/floating neighborhoods). These 1,000 samples were analyzed with the IDEXX-Quanti-Tray technique to determine most-probable-number (MPN) of E. coli. Samples of open drains (6.91 log10 MPN/100 mL), surface water (5.28 log10 MPN/100 mL), floodwater (4.60 log10 MPN/100 mL), produce (3.19 log10 MPN/serving), soil (2.29 log10 ...

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2019

Introduction: In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to a... more Introduction: In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to agricultural lands as manure. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and plasmid contents of E. coli strains isolated from sludge samples. Methodology: E. coli were isolated from human feces from closed pit latrines and identified by culture method. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Pathogenic genes and antibiotic resistance genes of ESBL producing isolates were determined by PCR assay. Results: Of the 34 samples tested, 76.5% contained E. coli. Of 72 E. coli isolates, 76.4% were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested and 47.2% isolates were resistant to three or four classes of antibiotics. Around 18% isolates were extended spectrum β- lactamase producing and of them 6 were positive for blaTEM specific gene, 4 for blaCTX-M gene, 1 for b...

Journal of laboratory physicians

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to life-threatening sepsis and are globally associated wit... more Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to life-threatening sepsis and are globally associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although BSIs require immediate antimicrobial treatment, their prevalence, etiology, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from one country to other. There is a dearth of such data from India. Here, we report the 4-year etiologic data on BSI in trauma patients admitted to a tertiary care referral hospital in New Delhi, India. A retrospective study was conducted at the trauma center between January 2013 and December 2016. The routine microbiological data on bacterial BSI were recorded and determined retrospectively from the laboratory records. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were statistically analyzed. A total of 2017 bacterial strains isolated from blood culture samples were included for microbiological analysis. During the study, the median age of the patients varied from 30 to 35 years, with the percentage of females in the study population va...

BMC microbiology, Jan 31, 2018

In many Asian countries including Bangladesh E. coli O157 are prevalent in animal reservoirs and ... more In many Asian countries including Bangladesh E. coli O157 are prevalent in animal reservoirs and in the food chain, but the incidence of human infection due to E. coli O157 is rare. One of the reasons could be inability of the organism from animal origin to produce sufficient amount of Shiga toxin (Stx), which is the main virulence factor associated with the severe sequelae of infection. This study aimed to fill out this knowledge gap by investigating the toxigenic properties and characteristics of stx phage of E. coli O157 isolated from animal sources in Bangladesh. We analysed 47 stx positive E. coli O157 of food/animal origin for stx gene variants, Shiga toxin production, presence of other virulence genes, stx phage insertion sites, presence of genes associated with functionality of stx phages (Q and Q) and stx upstream region. Of the 47 isolates, 46 were positive for both stx and stx while the remaining isolate was positive for stx only. Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination assay...

Applied and environmental microbiology, Jan 12, 2018

Soils in household environments in low- and middle-income countries may play an important role in... more Soils in household environments in low- and middle-income countries may play an important role in the persistence, proliferation, and transmission of Our goal was to investigate the risk factors for detection, survival, and growth of in soils collected from household plots. was enumerated in soil and fecal samples from human, chicken, and cattle from 52 households in rural Bangladesh. Associations between concentrations in soil, household-level factors, and soil physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and the presence of intestinal pathotypes were evaluated for 175 isolates. The growth and survival of in microcosms using soil collected from the households were also assessed. was isolated from 44.2% of the soil samples with an average of 1.95 log CFU/g dry soil. Soil moisture and clay content were associated with concentration in soil, whereas no household factor was significantly correlated. Antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity were com...

DESCRIPTION Oral health, knowledge, practice, school children

Science of Sintering, 2015

A good understanding about the properties of La/Nd doped Bismuth Titanate (BIT) ceramics at high ... more A good understanding about the properties of La/Nd doped Bismuth Titanate (BIT) ceramics at high temperature is very important as the new materials being developed based on the BIT. Pure BIT, La doped (BLT), Nd doped (BNT) and La and Nd co-doped BIT (BLNT) powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Prepared powders were calcined at different temperatures and structural properties measured by XRD. For pure BIT better crystal quality was obtained at 750 0 C and for both BLT and BNT better result obtained at 800 0 C. Calcined powders were formed into pellets and sintered at different temperatures and its dielectric properties were characterized. Optimum sintering temperature for both BLT and BNT showed was 850 0 C and La and Nd co-doped bismuth titanate (BLNT) revealed optimum sintering temperature of 950 0 C. Therefore, optimum sintering temperature of bismuth titanate was increased due to La and Nd doping.

Structural materials are the basic necessity of this advanced society. Thus, to develop new funda... more Structural materials are the basic necessity of this advanced society. Thus, to develop new fundamental materials with higher strength and better resistance to heat changes, one should have basic knowledge about the nanocomposite and their constituents. This book provide basic insight into the general knowledge of nanomaterials with special emphasis towards carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their functionalization and there use in various fabrication of nanocomposites. The development of nanocomposites using nanotube fillers has evolved very quickly owing to unique features (tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity) of CNTs hence it is highly important to understand the driving forces (concentrations, functional groups, chirality, temperature etc) behind homogenous dispersion in the various matrices. Keeping in mind these motivations, we have compiled this book that will provide young researchers with basic knowledge about synthesis of carbon nanotubes and how the several parame...

The influence of CdCl 2 treatment on the properties of thermally evaporated CdTe thin film was in... more The influence of CdCl 2 treatment on the properties of thermally evaporated CdTe thin film was investigated in this analysis to achieve high quality thin films. Thin films of CdTe were deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates at room temperature by thermal evaporation technique. Then the samples were treated by CdCl 2 and subsequently annealed at annealing temperature of 400ºC for 15 minutes. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the grown samples were investigated through XRD, AFM, UV-Vis spectrometry and Hall-effect measurement analysis. The as-deposited films prepared at 25A were found in polycrystalline form, whereas the films prepared at deposition current of 28A and 30A exhibit cubic crystallinity with (111) preferential orientation around 2θ=23.8º. The crystallinity and the carrier concentration of the films were improved for all the CdCl 2 treated films. The surface roughness of the films was also highly affected by the CdCl 2 treatment as it was observ...

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2015

To condense the cost and increase the production, using abundantly obtainable non-toxic elements,... more To condense the cost and increase the production, using abundantly obtainable non-toxic elements, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) seem to be a strong contender among the photovoltaic thin film technologies. Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering system. CZTS were sputtered on Molybdenum (Mo) coated soda lime glass (SLG) using a single target sputtering technique. The sputtering parameters (base pressure, working pressure, Argon (Ar) flow rate, RF power and sputtering time) were kept same for all three types of films. For sulfurization, the temperature used was 500 °C. Finally, As-deposited film was immersed in DIW before undergoing identical sulfurization profile. As-deposited film (Sample A), sulfurized films (Sample B) and sulfurized plus DIW treated (Sample C) were compared in terms of their structural properties by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurement and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Sample B and C showed peak of (1 1 2) planes of CZTS which are characteristics of stannite structur...

Distillation is the most commonly used technique for separating liquid mixtures within the chemic... more Distillation is the most commonly used technique for separating liquid mixtures within the chemical industries despite being an energy and capital intensive process. Generally two types of distillation columns are used in the industries: packed bed distillation column and tray type distillation column and each of them has their own merits and demerits. In the present paper, the shortcomings of a tray column has been eliminated by integrated it with packing materials. The inclusion of packing materials may increase the vapor-liquid contact in the column. The integrated hybrid column is designed and fabricated. Ethanol-water system is used as a model mixture to be separated by distillation. The column is operated at total reflux and compositions at the top and bottom of the column is measured. The overall efficiency of the hybrid column is found to be higher than the tray column.