Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq is a historian, epigraphist and global traveler working on the Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bengal and a number of other fields. He is a visiting Professor at International Centre for the Study of Bengal Art, Dhaka. Previously, he was a H.E.C. Professor of Islamic History, Civilization and Culture at University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan and a visiting faculty at LUMS (Lahore University of Management Sciences).
During 2001-2007, he taught in the History Department at University of Sharjah in U.A.E. He was also the founder chair of the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Zayed University in U.A.E. during 1998-2001where he played a key role in establishing a vibrant Arabic and Islamic Studies programme. Prior to that, he served as an Associate Professor of Islamic Studies at Islamic University in Kushtia, Bangladesh. He held various academic positions at Harvard University from 1987 to 1998. During 1991-92, he was also a visiting fellow at Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies at Oxford University.
A cultural historian, Siddiq has written extensively on the history, civilization and culture of Muslim Bengal in Bengali, English, Arabic and Urdu languages, including a dozen entries in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, and articles in various international journals such as Muqarnas (Harvard University), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS,) and Oxford Journal of Islamic Studies. His books, such as, Historical and Cultural Aspects of the Islamic Inscriptions: A Reflective Study of Some New Epigraphic Discoveries, Dhaka, 2009 and Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal 1205 – 1494, Oxon, U.K., Routledge, 2016, as well as his earlier works in Arabic, Persian and Urdu such as Rihla Ma‘a al-Nuqush al-Kitabiyyah al-Islamiyyah fi Bilad al-Bangal (An Epigraphical Journey through Muslim Bengal, Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, 2004, [translated in Persian translation by Layla Musazadeh, Katībah hā, Tehran: Kelk Simin, 2014] ) and Mashriq men Islāmī Tahzīb ke Athār : Bangāl men ‘Arbī wa Fārsī Katbāt, (Islamabad: NUST, 2013) analyze the inner dynamics of the social, intellectual and religious transformations of the eastern regions of South Asia using epigraphic heritage. He is also the founding President of BANI (Bangladesh Association for Needy People’s Improvement), a rural welfare project which initiated for the first time an Islamic micro-credit programme for the rootless people in the poverty stricken areas of Kushtia district of Bangladesh based traditional social values and principles. BANI is successfully engaged in a number of poverty eradication programmes in the villages and slums of Kushtia.
Phone: + 91 8972871049; + 88 01784625217
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Papers by Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq
KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra, 2019
Manusia dilahirkan di dalam dunia sosial dimana mereka harus bergaul dengan manusia lain yang ada... more Manusia dilahirkan di dalam dunia sosial dimana mereka harus bergaul dengan manusia lain yang ada disekitarnya. Sejak awal hidupnya seorang individu sudah bergaul sosial dengan orang terdekat, meskipun bentuknya masih satu arah, seperti orang tua berbicara dan bayi hanya mendegarkan saja. Dalam perkembangan hidup selanjutnya, bahasa diperoleh sedikit demi sedikit. Pada saat yang sama individu tersebut dibawa ke dalam kehidupan sosial di mana terdapat rambu-rambu perilaku kehidupan. Sebagian dari norma-norma ini tertanam dalam bahasa sehingga kompetensi anak tidak hanya terbatas pada pemakaian bahasa (laguage usage) tetapi juga penggunaan bahasa (language use). Dengan kata lain, anak harus pula menguasai kemampuan pragmatik. Penelitian tindak tutur pada anak usia dini yang ditinjau dari aspek pragmatik ini berfokus pada aspek lokusi, ilokusi dan perlokusi, disamping itu melihat pula bagaimana pemerolehan pragmatik yang mencakup (1) perolehan niat komunikatif dan pengungkapan bahasan...
The objective of the research was to apprehend the improvement of students' skill ability through... more The objective of the research was to apprehend the improvement of students' skill ability through the implementation of cooperative learning role-playing with the aid of descriptive design method. This research was conducted in different cycles such as planning, treatment, observation, and reflection; each cycle was conducted in two meetings. Furthermore, a test was given to the students in every cycle at the end of each meeting. This test was aimed at monitoring the results of their learning. The results of the data analysis show a significant improvement in students' speaking in the lesson of the simple interview in every cycle.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2013
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988
Surface tension, conductivity, density, and ultrasound velocity measurements have been performed ... more Surface tension, conductivity, density, and ultrasound velocity measurements have been performed in order to determine in a systhematic manner some of the aggregation properties of the phenothiazine drugs promazine and triflupromazine hydrochlorides. Both drugs are structurally related, differing in an extra CF 3 group in the triflupromazine molecular structure. Surface tension data showed that the presence of an extra CF 3 in the molecular structure of triflupromazine involves a higher hydrophobicity of this drug and a restriction in the number of conformations molecules can adopt due to the presence of this bulkier atomic group. This involves a larger surface area in order to accommodate triflupromazine molecules at the interface. From conductivity measurements at different temperatures, the thermodynamic quantities of the micellization process of these drugs indicate that the aggregation is a spontaneous process, mainly enthalpic, where the Lon-don-dispersion forces play an active role. Using density and ultrasound velocity measurements, apparent molar volume and adiabatic com-pressibility of aqueous solutions of the amphiphilic cationic drugs have been determined. Positive deviations from the Debye–Hü ckel limiting law of the apparent molar volume were obtained from both drugs over the whole temperature range, which provides evidence of possible pre-association at concentrations below the critical concentration. Apparent molar adiabatic compressibility of the aggregates formed by these drugs was typical of those corresponding for an aggregate formed by a stacking process.
Colloid and Polymer Science, 2012
The temperature-induced phase transition of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) aqueous solution u... more The temperature-induced phase transition of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) aqueous solution under mixing with a series of small carboxylic acids has been studied by turbidity measurements and laser light scattering. It has been found that cloud point temperature (T cp) of the PEtOx was changed to varying degrees depending upon the pH, ionic strength, molar ratio of acids to 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline unit, and carbon chain length of small carboxylic acids. Significant change in T cp was observed in the case of hexanoic acid. At acidic pH, an increase in the molar ratio of hexanoic acid to the 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline unit gradually decreased the phase transition temperature of the polymer as compared to the T cp of pure PEtOx. At original pH 6 (pH> pK a), T cp shifts to higher value than that of pure PEtOx for lower molar ratios and decreased later on with increasing the molar ratio. The shift in the T cp is described based on the differences in the driving force of phase transition, including hydrogen bonding between small carboxylic acids and PEtOx polymer and hydrophobic interaction.
Biomaterials, 2012
Cell cultivation on the surface of microcarriers in stirred suspension is an essential method for... more Cell cultivation on the surface of microcarriers in stirred suspension is an essential method for the large-scale culture of anchorage-dependent cells. For applying this method to the field of cell therapy and for obtaining a large number of intact cells, non-invasive cell harvest without proteolytic enzyme treatment is an advantageous method. In this regard, temperature-responsive microcarriers that bearing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm)-grafted chains on the outermost surface were developed for harvesting cultured cells by temperature alteration. PIPAAm-grafted beads with the various grafted amount of PIPAAm and various bead diameters were synthesized for optimizing cell proliferation and thermally-induced detachment on the surface. The chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells adhered on the surface of all PIPAAm-grafted beads at 37 °C, while the adhering cells were found to detach themselves from the surfaces at 20 °C. The efficiency of thermally-induced cell detachment increased with increasing the grafted amount of PIPAAm and the diameter of bead. An efficient cell proliferation on bead surfaces in stirred suspension culture and subsequent thermally-induced cell detachment were achieved by the precise regulation of both the grafted amount of PIPAAm and diameter of bead. The temperature-responsive microcarriers exhibiting temperature-dependent cell adhesion and detachment will be an attractive candidate for the large-scale cell culture of therapeutic cells.
Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam, 2019
Memahami masyarakat manusia merupakan suatu upaya yang selalu menarik untuk dilakukan. Di tengah-... more Memahami masyarakat manusia merupakan suatu upaya yang selalu menarik untuk dilakukan. Di tengah-tengah upaya tersebutlah, etnografi hadir. Etnografi ditinjau secara harfiah dapat berarti tulisan atau laporan tentang suatu suku bangsa. Ciri khas dari metode penelitian lapangan etnografi ini adalah sifatnya yang menyeluruh dan terpadu (holistic-integratif), deskripsi yang kaya (thick description) dan analisa kualitatif dalam rangka mendapatkan cara pandang pemilik kebudayaan (native’s point of view). Umumnya etnografi digunakan oleh sebagian peneliti untuk memahami kebudayaan lain (other cultures). Sedangkan, sebagian lain berpendapat bahwa etnografi telah menjadi alat yang fundamental untuk memahami masyarakat kita sendiri dan masyarakat multikultural di seluruh dunia. Dalam tradisi pengetahuan Islam, sejenis deskripsi etnografi dapat kita temukan dalam berbagai literatur, misalnya deskripsi kebudayaan yang ditulis Ibnu Battutah seorang pengembara (traveler), petualang (adventurer),...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2002
ABSTRACT
Al-Ma'rifah, 2018
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di P... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Fokus pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga komponen utama yaitu, space, actor dan activity yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Para pendidik di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memandang bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa agama Islam dan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memiliki dua pendekatan, yaitu pembelajaran yang bersifat formal dan non formal. Melalui rangkaian aktivitas pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kedua pendekatan tersebut telah menghasilkan suatu kondisi lingkungan kebahasaan yang dapat mendorong para santri untuk terus mengadakan kontak bahasa dengan bahasa Arab sehingga mengasah kemampuan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis serta dapat memunculkan rasa kebahasaan (dzauq) santri terhadap bahasa Arab.
Introduction: Epigraphy of Muslim Bengal 1. Epigraphy as an Important Source for Islamic History ... more Introduction: Epigraphy of Muslim Bengal 1. Epigraphy as an Important Source for Islamic History and Civilization 2. The Diffusion of Islam in Bengal and the Articulation of a New Order 3. Nature, Aesthetic Perception and Mysticism: Spiritual Dimensions of Islamic Inscriptions in Bengal 4. Worldly Authority and Paradisiacal Ambition: Diversity of Titles in the Islamic Inscriptions of Bengal 5. Early Islamic Inscriptions 6. Inscriptions of the Sultanate Period
Muqarnas, 1990
Page 1. MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ AN EPIGRAPHICAL JOURNEY TO AN ... Page 2. 84 MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ ... more Page 1. MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ AN EPIGRAPHICAL JOURNEY TO AN ... Page 2. 84 MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ tradition of stone carving and sculptures which were inspired by Hinduism and Buddhism, both of which encourage religious imagery. ...
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2005
The first part of this article seeks to discuss the development of Islamic architectural calligra... more The first part of this article seeks to discuss the development of Islamic architectural calligraphy in Sultanate Bengal in the context of its cultural history. Most early Islamic monuments of the region had some kind of calligraphic embellishment since in Islamic culture inscriptions are considered a powerful medium for conveying visual, cultural and spiritual messages. These inscriptions were rendered in various styles: Ku¯fi¯, thulth, naskh, riqa¯‘, rayha¯ni¯, muhaqqaq, tughra¯‘ and Biha¯ri¯. The second part focuses on some hitherto unpublished inscriptions discovered by the author in Gaur and Pandua, two early capitals of the Sultans of Bengal. Special attention is paid to deciphering and editing these new epigraphic texts, and to the analysis of information derived from them in their historical context, such as the names of the contemporary rulers, local administrative officers, religious figures, military commanders and their titles. These findings help us understand the conte...
Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2012
One of the great intellectual achievements and significant contribution of Islamic civilization t... more One of the great intellectual achievements and significant contribution of Islamic civilization to the science of historiography is its rich legacy of historical texts not being limited to chronicles and books but in other forms, including inscriptions. These inscriptions which were used in Islamic culture since its formative period are a mode of cultural expression and reflect the Islamic faith itself. The earliest Islamic inscriptions date from the first/seventh century. It is difficult to imagine a building of the early period without some kind of inscription-as if, without one, the building would be unfinished or "naked". However, approaching Islamic inscriptions in a systematic way with an academic interest began in the late nineteenth century, when Islamic epigraphy saw some of its rules codified as a result of the dedicated efforts of the famous Swiss orientalist Max Van Berchem (1863-1923) who can be regarded as the pioneer of the science of modern Islamic epigraphy in this age. The article deals with the history and importance of Epigraphy in detail. It also encompasses the comparison of inscriptions of Andalusia and Bengal.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid... more We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels on catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated hybrid microgels. Multiresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mole percentage of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. These microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering and were used as microreactors to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Hybrid system was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of hybrid microgels with different crosslinker content was compared by studying the reduction of pnitrophenol as a model reaction. Kinetics of reaction was monitored by spectrophotometry. The value of the apparent rate constant decreases from 0.568 to 0.313 min −1 , when content of crosslinker are increased from 2 to 8 mole percentage respectively. This decreases in value of apparent rate constant is due to increase in diffusional barrier offered by high crosslinking of polymer network at high mole percentages of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide.
A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in... more A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in Bengal is shrouded with mystery. Though the maritime and trade contacts between Arab world and Bengal can be traced during the early period of Islam, the religious and cultural interaction between these two far-fetched lands started growing only after the Muslim conquest of the region in the early 13th century. After the establishment of Muslim rule in the region, the mass conversion to Islam took place over centuries in different forms and phases. The article attempts to make a major breakthrough in constructing an early religious and cultural history of Bengal using the substantively rich and hitherto untapped archaeological materials, namely epigraphic sources (i.e., Arabic inscriptions), scattered abundantly all over the region.
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2009
The interest on phenothiazine drugs has been increased during last years due to their proved util... more The interest on phenothiazine drugs has been increased during last years due to their proved utility in the treatment of several diseases and biomolecular processes. In the present work, the binding of the amphiphilic phenothiazines promazine and thioridazine hydrochlorides to the carrier protein human serum albumin (HSA) has been examined by f-potential, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence and circular dichorism (CD) spectroscopies, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) at physiological pH with the aim of analyzing the role of the different interactions in the drug complexation process with this protein. The f-potential results were used to check the existence of complexation. This is confirmed by a progressive screening of the protein charge up to a reversal point as a consequence of drug binding. On the other hand, binding causes alterations on the tertiary and secondary structures of the protein, which were observed by fluorescence and CD spectroscopies, involving a two-step, three-state transition. The thermodynamics of the binding process was derived from ITC results. The binding enthalpies were negative, which reveal the existence of electrostatic interactions between protein and drug molecules. In addition, increases in entropy are consistent with the predominance of hydrophobic interactions. Two different classes of binding sites were detected, viz. Binding to the first class of binding sites is dominated by an enthalpic contribution due to electrostatic interactions whereas binding to a second class of binding sites is dominated by hydrophobic bonding. In the light of these results, protein conformational change resembles the acid-induced denaturation of HSA with accumulation of an intermediate state. Binding isotherms were derived from microcalorimetric results by using a theoretical model based on the Langmuir isotherm. On the other hand, the population distribution of the different species in solution and their sizes were determined through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Aggregation of drug/protein complexes was found as a result of a possible expansion of protein structure induced at high drug concentrations. In addition, the presence of free drug aggregates at concentrations below the drug critical micelle concentration was also detected.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005
The life expectancy in Bangladesh during the mid-1960s was only 46 years. Many premature deaths r... more The life expectancy in Bangladesh during the mid-1960s was only 46 years. Many premature deaths resulted from drinking surface water that was contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases (Nyrop et al. 1975). Aid agencies, the Bangladesh government, and private individuals began installing 8-12 million tube wells to prevent these deaths by providing access to microbially safe groundwater for drinking [World Health Organization (WHO) 2003]. By 1995, Bangladesh had 120 million people (Monan 1995), approximately 97% of whom drank tube-well water (WHO 2000), and for a variety of reasons the life expectancy had increased to 55 years (Monan 1995). Regrettably, this new source of drinking water was not tested for toxic metals. In 1993, Dhaka Community Hospital first diagnosed chronic arsenic poisoning caused by drinking Bangladesh's groundwater [British Geological Survey (BGS) 1999a]. In 1997, our team produced the first national-scale map of As concentration in Bangladesh's groundwater [Frisbie et al. 1999; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) 1997].
KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra, 2019
Manusia dilahirkan di dalam dunia sosial dimana mereka harus bergaul dengan manusia lain yang ada... more Manusia dilahirkan di dalam dunia sosial dimana mereka harus bergaul dengan manusia lain yang ada disekitarnya. Sejak awal hidupnya seorang individu sudah bergaul sosial dengan orang terdekat, meskipun bentuknya masih satu arah, seperti orang tua berbicara dan bayi hanya mendegarkan saja. Dalam perkembangan hidup selanjutnya, bahasa diperoleh sedikit demi sedikit. Pada saat yang sama individu tersebut dibawa ke dalam kehidupan sosial di mana terdapat rambu-rambu perilaku kehidupan. Sebagian dari norma-norma ini tertanam dalam bahasa sehingga kompetensi anak tidak hanya terbatas pada pemakaian bahasa (laguage usage) tetapi juga penggunaan bahasa (language use). Dengan kata lain, anak harus pula menguasai kemampuan pragmatik. Penelitian tindak tutur pada anak usia dini yang ditinjau dari aspek pragmatik ini berfokus pada aspek lokusi, ilokusi dan perlokusi, disamping itu melihat pula bagaimana pemerolehan pragmatik yang mencakup (1) perolehan niat komunikatif dan pengungkapan bahasan...
The objective of the research was to apprehend the improvement of students' skill ability through... more The objective of the research was to apprehend the improvement of students' skill ability through the implementation of cooperative learning role-playing with the aid of descriptive design method. This research was conducted in different cycles such as planning, treatment, observation, and reflection; each cycle was conducted in two meetings. Furthermore, a test was given to the students in every cycle at the end of each meeting. This test was aimed at monitoring the results of their learning. The results of the data analysis show a significant improvement in students' speaking in the lesson of the simple interview in every cycle.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2013
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988
Surface tension, conductivity, density, and ultrasound velocity measurements have been performed ... more Surface tension, conductivity, density, and ultrasound velocity measurements have been performed in order to determine in a systhematic manner some of the aggregation properties of the phenothiazine drugs promazine and triflupromazine hydrochlorides. Both drugs are structurally related, differing in an extra CF 3 group in the triflupromazine molecular structure. Surface tension data showed that the presence of an extra CF 3 in the molecular structure of triflupromazine involves a higher hydrophobicity of this drug and a restriction in the number of conformations molecules can adopt due to the presence of this bulkier atomic group. This involves a larger surface area in order to accommodate triflupromazine molecules at the interface. From conductivity measurements at different temperatures, the thermodynamic quantities of the micellization process of these drugs indicate that the aggregation is a spontaneous process, mainly enthalpic, where the Lon-don-dispersion forces play an active role. Using density and ultrasound velocity measurements, apparent molar volume and adiabatic com-pressibility of aqueous solutions of the amphiphilic cationic drugs have been determined. Positive deviations from the Debye–Hü ckel limiting law of the apparent molar volume were obtained from both drugs over the whole temperature range, which provides evidence of possible pre-association at concentrations below the critical concentration. Apparent molar adiabatic compressibility of the aggregates formed by these drugs was typical of those corresponding for an aggregate formed by a stacking process.
Colloid and Polymer Science, 2012
The temperature-induced phase transition of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) aqueous solution u... more The temperature-induced phase transition of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) aqueous solution under mixing with a series of small carboxylic acids has been studied by turbidity measurements and laser light scattering. It has been found that cloud point temperature (T cp) of the PEtOx was changed to varying degrees depending upon the pH, ionic strength, molar ratio of acids to 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline unit, and carbon chain length of small carboxylic acids. Significant change in T cp was observed in the case of hexanoic acid. At acidic pH, an increase in the molar ratio of hexanoic acid to the 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline unit gradually decreased the phase transition temperature of the polymer as compared to the T cp of pure PEtOx. At original pH 6 (pH> pK a), T cp shifts to higher value than that of pure PEtOx for lower molar ratios and decreased later on with increasing the molar ratio. The shift in the T cp is described based on the differences in the driving force of phase transition, including hydrogen bonding between small carboxylic acids and PEtOx polymer and hydrophobic interaction.
Biomaterials, 2012
Cell cultivation on the surface of microcarriers in stirred suspension is an essential method for... more Cell cultivation on the surface of microcarriers in stirred suspension is an essential method for the large-scale culture of anchorage-dependent cells. For applying this method to the field of cell therapy and for obtaining a large number of intact cells, non-invasive cell harvest without proteolytic enzyme treatment is an advantageous method. In this regard, temperature-responsive microcarriers that bearing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm)-grafted chains on the outermost surface were developed for harvesting cultured cells by temperature alteration. PIPAAm-grafted beads with the various grafted amount of PIPAAm and various bead diameters were synthesized for optimizing cell proliferation and thermally-induced detachment on the surface. The chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells adhered on the surface of all PIPAAm-grafted beads at 37 °C, while the adhering cells were found to detach themselves from the surfaces at 20 °C. The efficiency of thermally-induced cell detachment increased with increasing the grafted amount of PIPAAm and the diameter of bead. An efficient cell proliferation on bead surfaces in stirred suspension culture and subsequent thermally-induced cell detachment were achieved by the precise regulation of both the grafted amount of PIPAAm and diameter of bead. The temperature-responsive microcarriers exhibiting temperature-dependent cell adhesion and detachment will be an attractive candidate for the large-scale cell culture of therapeutic cells.
Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam, 2019
Memahami masyarakat manusia merupakan suatu upaya yang selalu menarik untuk dilakukan. Di tengah-... more Memahami masyarakat manusia merupakan suatu upaya yang selalu menarik untuk dilakukan. Di tengah-tengah upaya tersebutlah, etnografi hadir. Etnografi ditinjau secara harfiah dapat berarti tulisan atau laporan tentang suatu suku bangsa. Ciri khas dari metode penelitian lapangan etnografi ini adalah sifatnya yang menyeluruh dan terpadu (holistic-integratif), deskripsi yang kaya (thick description) dan analisa kualitatif dalam rangka mendapatkan cara pandang pemilik kebudayaan (native’s point of view). Umumnya etnografi digunakan oleh sebagian peneliti untuk memahami kebudayaan lain (other cultures). Sedangkan, sebagian lain berpendapat bahwa etnografi telah menjadi alat yang fundamental untuk memahami masyarakat kita sendiri dan masyarakat multikultural di seluruh dunia. Dalam tradisi pengetahuan Islam, sejenis deskripsi etnografi dapat kita temukan dalam berbagai literatur, misalnya deskripsi kebudayaan yang ditulis Ibnu Battutah seorang pengembara (traveler), petualang (adventurer),...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2002
ABSTRACT
Al-Ma'rifah, 2018
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di P... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Fokus pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga komponen utama yaitu, space, actor dan activity yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Para pendidik di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memandang bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa agama Islam dan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memiliki dua pendekatan, yaitu pembelajaran yang bersifat formal dan non formal. Melalui rangkaian aktivitas pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kedua pendekatan tersebut telah menghasilkan suatu kondisi lingkungan kebahasaan yang dapat mendorong para santri untuk terus mengadakan kontak bahasa dengan bahasa Arab sehingga mengasah kemampuan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis serta dapat memunculkan rasa kebahasaan (dzauq) santri terhadap bahasa Arab.
Introduction: Epigraphy of Muslim Bengal 1. Epigraphy as an Important Source for Islamic History ... more Introduction: Epigraphy of Muslim Bengal 1. Epigraphy as an Important Source for Islamic History and Civilization 2. The Diffusion of Islam in Bengal and the Articulation of a New Order 3. Nature, Aesthetic Perception and Mysticism: Spiritual Dimensions of Islamic Inscriptions in Bengal 4. Worldly Authority and Paradisiacal Ambition: Diversity of Titles in the Islamic Inscriptions of Bengal 5. Early Islamic Inscriptions 6. Inscriptions of the Sultanate Period
Muqarnas, 1990
Page 1. MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ AN EPIGRAPHICAL JOURNEY TO AN ... Page 2. 84 MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ ... more Page 1. MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ AN EPIGRAPHICAL JOURNEY TO AN ... Page 2. 84 MOHAMMAD YUSUF SIDDIQ tradition of stone carving and sculptures which were inspired by Hinduism and Buddhism, both of which encourage religious imagery. ...
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2005
The first part of this article seeks to discuss the development of Islamic architectural calligra... more The first part of this article seeks to discuss the development of Islamic architectural calligraphy in Sultanate Bengal in the context of its cultural history. Most early Islamic monuments of the region had some kind of calligraphic embellishment since in Islamic culture inscriptions are considered a powerful medium for conveying visual, cultural and spiritual messages. These inscriptions were rendered in various styles: Ku¯fi¯, thulth, naskh, riqa¯‘, rayha¯ni¯, muhaqqaq, tughra¯‘ and Biha¯ri¯. The second part focuses on some hitherto unpublished inscriptions discovered by the author in Gaur and Pandua, two early capitals of the Sultans of Bengal. Special attention is paid to deciphering and editing these new epigraphic texts, and to the analysis of information derived from them in their historical context, such as the names of the contemporary rulers, local administrative officers, religious figures, military commanders and their titles. These findings help us understand the conte...
Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2012
One of the great intellectual achievements and significant contribution of Islamic civilization t... more One of the great intellectual achievements and significant contribution of Islamic civilization to the science of historiography is its rich legacy of historical texts not being limited to chronicles and books but in other forms, including inscriptions. These inscriptions which were used in Islamic culture since its formative period are a mode of cultural expression and reflect the Islamic faith itself. The earliest Islamic inscriptions date from the first/seventh century. It is difficult to imagine a building of the early period without some kind of inscription-as if, without one, the building would be unfinished or "naked". However, approaching Islamic inscriptions in a systematic way with an academic interest began in the late nineteenth century, when Islamic epigraphy saw some of its rules codified as a result of the dedicated efforts of the famous Swiss orientalist Max Van Berchem (1863-1923) who can be regarded as the pioneer of the science of modern Islamic epigraphy in this age. The article deals with the history and importance of Epigraphy in detail. It also encompasses the comparison of inscriptions of Andalusia and Bengal.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid... more We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels on catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated hybrid microgels. Multiresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mole percentage of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. These microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering and were used as microreactors to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Hybrid system was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of hybrid microgels with different crosslinker content was compared by studying the reduction of pnitrophenol as a model reaction. Kinetics of reaction was monitored by spectrophotometry. The value of the apparent rate constant decreases from 0.568 to 0.313 min −1 , when content of crosslinker are increased from 2 to 8 mole percentage respectively. This decreases in value of apparent rate constant is due to increase in diffusional barrier offered by high crosslinking of polymer network at high mole percentages of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide.
A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in... more A hinterland in the old world of Islam, the early history of diffusion of Islamic civilization in Bengal is shrouded with mystery. Though the maritime and trade contacts between Arab world and Bengal can be traced during the early period of Islam, the religious and cultural interaction between these two far-fetched lands started growing only after the Muslim conquest of the region in the early 13th century. After the establishment of Muslim rule in the region, the mass conversion to Islam took place over centuries in different forms and phases. The article attempts to make a major breakthrough in constructing an early religious and cultural history of Bengal using the substantively rich and hitherto untapped archaeological materials, namely epigraphic sources (i.e., Arabic inscriptions), scattered abundantly all over the region.
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2009
The interest on phenothiazine drugs has been increased during last years due to their proved util... more The interest on phenothiazine drugs has been increased during last years due to their proved utility in the treatment of several diseases and biomolecular processes. In the present work, the binding of the amphiphilic phenothiazines promazine and thioridazine hydrochlorides to the carrier protein human serum albumin (HSA) has been examined by f-potential, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence and circular dichorism (CD) spectroscopies, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) at physiological pH with the aim of analyzing the role of the different interactions in the drug complexation process with this protein. The f-potential results were used to check the existence of complexation. This is confirmed by a progressive screening of the protein charge up to a reversal point as a consequence of drug binding. On the other hand, binding causes alterations on the tertiary and secondary structures of the protein, which were observed by fluorescence and CD spectroscopies, involving a two-step, three-state transition. The thermodynamics of the binding process was derived from ITC results. The binding enthalpies were negative, which reveal the existence of electrostatic interactions between protein and drug molecules. In addition, increases in entropy are consistent with the predominance of hydrophobic interactions. Two different classes of binding sites were detected, viz. Binding to the first class of binding sites is dominated by an enthalpic contribution due to electrostatic interactions whereas binding to a second class of binding sites is dominated by hydrophobic bonding. In the light of these results, protein conformational change resembles the acid-induced denaturation of HSA with accumulation of an intermediate state. Binding isotherms were derived from microcalorimetric results by using a theoretical model based on the Langmuir isotherm. On the other hand, the population distribution of the different species in solution and their sizes were determined through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Aggregation of drug/protein complexes was found as a result of a possible expansion of protein structure induced at high drug concentrations. In addition, the presence of free drug aggregates at concentrations below the drug critical micelle concentration was also detected.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005
The life expectancy in Bangladesh during the mid-1960s was only 46 years. Many premature deaths r... more The life expectancy in Bangladesh during the mid-1960s was only 46 years. Many premature deaths resulted from drinking surface water that was contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases (Nyrop et al. 1975). Aid agencies, the Bangladesh government, and private individuals began installing 8-12 million tube wells to prevent these deaths by providing access to microbially safe groundwater for drinking [World Health Organization (WHO) 2003]. By 1995, Bangladesh had 120 million people (Monan 1995), approximately 97% of whom drank tube-well water (WHO 2000), and for a variety of reasons the life expectancy had increased to 55 years (Monan 1995). Regrettably, this new source of drinking water was not tested for toxic metals. In 1993, Dhaka Community Hospital first diagnosed chronic arsenic poisoning caused by drinking Bangladesh's groundwater [British Geological Survey (BGS) 1999a]. In 1997, our team produced the first national-scale map of As concentration in Bangladesh's groundwater [Frisbie et al. 1999; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) 1997].