Muhammad Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Ahmed

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the role of cycloplegic agents in diagnosis and management of accommodative ... more Purpose: To evaluate the role of cycloplegic agents in diagnosis and management of accommodative spasms. Methods: Prospective cohort study included patients with recent onset ocular strain. All patients underwent comprehensive eye examination and objective refraction. Then patients were randomized to receive either atropine or cyclopentolate for cycloplegia. And objective refraction was recorded again. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments i.e.full cycloplegic correction or 0.001% atropine and reviewed at 1-, 2- and 3-month follow-ups. Results: Total 52 patients, mean age16.1±4.7 were evaluated. 33 patients (63.5%) received atropine and 19 (36.5%) received cyclopentolate. There was significant difference between precycloplegic and post cycloplegic refraction however, the difference between cyclopentolate and atropine was not significant. None of the patients, whether treated with glasses or low dose atropine experienced any ocular strain till the end of study....

Electric power is a fundamental necessity in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Consequentl... more Electric power is a fundamental necessity in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Consequently, any break in electric power is probably going to affect the general activity. To make the power supply smooth and efficient, a smart grid network is introduced which uses communication technology. In any communication network, security is essential. It has been observed from several recent incidents that adversary causes an interruption to the operation of networks. In order to resolve the issues, it is vital to understand the threats and vulnerabilities associated with the smart grid networks. In this paper, we have investigated the threats and vulnerabilities in Smart Grid Networks (SGN) and the few solutions in the literature. Proposed solutions showed developments in electricity theft countermeasures, Denial of services attacks (DoS) and malicious injection attacks detection model, as well as malicious nodes detection using watchdog like techniques and other solutions.

The aim of study is to construct a model by focusing the effect of Soft TQM elements on the Perfo... more The aim of study is to construct a model by focusing the effect of Soft TQM elements on the Performance of an organization. The focus would be to construct a model which relates the Soft TQM elements and organizational performance. The responses of Top management, executives and workers will be received using selfadministered questionnaire and online surveys through Google Drive. The responses shall help to compute Soft TQM and Performance through their dimensions. Soft TQM enhances the performance of an organization. This research work shall help Managers, employees, policy makers, quality trainers for improving quality perspectives and identification of Soft TQM importance for increasing performance

Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 2021

The bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Russia since 1947 has experienced many ups and do... more The bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Russia since 1947 has experienced many ups and downs. Several factors that directly or indirectly influence the nature and direction of bilateral relations between these two countries are the United States, India, and Afghanistan, etc. After many years of stagnation, there have been clear positive prospects for the development of bilateral and multilateral relations between Pakistan and Russia since September 11, 2001. Pakistan’s decision of joining the war against terror and efforts for peace and stability in the region has substantially changed Russian’s perceptions of Pakistan’s role. The CPEC and Russian's growing interest in trade and investment relations with Pakistan also provide opportunities for close interaction between these two countries. In the new international setup, the platform of SCO has provided an opportunity for improving the bilateral relations between Pakistan and Russia on certain issues of common interests ...

Materials & Design, 2022

DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of t... more DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

4th IEEE International Conference on Vacuum Electronics, 2003

To enhance the performance of a low-noise microwave GaAs MESFET an appropriate doping profile is ... more To enhance the performance of a low-noise microwave GaAs MESFET an appropriate doping profile is required. The I-V characteristics of a microwave GaAs MESFETs with graded channel doping have been simulated by using a non-linear model. It has been shown that a device with a graded channel doping may give transconductance, gm at least 4 times greater than the uniformly

Randomization ensemble creation technique well-known as Bagging is widely used to construct train... more Randomization ensemble creation technique well-known as Bagging is widely used to construct trained ensembles of base classifiers. The computational power and demand of Neural Networks (NNs) approved in both researches or in applications. The weight connections of the NNs holds the real ability for the NNs model to efficient performance. This paper aims to analyze the weight connections of the trained ensemble of NNs, as well as investigating their statistical parametric distributions via presenting a framework to estimate the best-fit distribution to the weight connections. As so far the presented work is the first attempt to explore and analyze the weight connections distribution of a trained ensemble of NNs. Obtained results proven that the T-location scale statistical distribution is approximately the best-fit to the weights of the trained NNs ensemble, consequently we aim in our future work to employ the outcomes to withdraw the weight connections value from approximated best-f...

Journal of Education and Practice, 2017

Audience Response System, (ARS), has proven its values as a tool to enhance students' engagem... more Audience Response System, (ARS), has proven its values as a tool to enhance students' engagement and participation in the classroom. Since 2011, the author was working on to creating a web based application, Click2Text, to incorporate cell phones and smart phones in traditional and online classes to replace ARS. Several web-based solutions were tested and launched, however, it was hard to convince fellow faculty members for its adoption. It is also a known fact that most academic researchers in universities and college have little or no previous knowledge of entrepreneurial process nor do they possess the entrepreneurial mindset and related skills. So, when in the winter of 2016, the author was presented with an opportunity to participated in the NSF I-Corps introduction to customer discovery course, boot camp at Wayne State University, it was seen as a great opportunity to learn entrepreneurial process and skill. This paper documents how I-Corps boot camp helped in refining aut...

The validity of any system can be determined by the soundness of its principles and its success c... more The validity of any system can be determined by the soundness of its principles and its success can be determined by how effective and efficient it is in achieving its stated goals in any given environment. What is the goal of any political economy? Has today’s existing system satisfied the people? Or are the recurring cyclical depressions and recessions inherent in the capitalist system taking its toll? Does Islam have a system to offer that could possibly cater to the needs of the modern times? What principles of political economics was t he 2nd Caliph of Islam following that created a community where there were no “poor” people left? Can Islam really eradicate poverty? How is piety related to a political economy? This paper will address the details of the Islamic Political Economy, how it proved to be a successful model in the past and how it has become relevant once again today.

Biometric systems are widely used in various applications of today’s authentication technology. T... more Biometric systems are widely used in various applications of today’s authentication technology. The unimodal systems suffer from various stumbling blocks such as noisy inputs, non-universality, intra-class variability and imposter spoofing which affects the system performance and accuracy. To effectively handle these problems, two or more individual modalities are used. In this paper, we presented a multimodal approach for fingerprint verification based on a combination of score level fusion rules. In the preprocessing stage, Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (ADF) and Histogram Equalization (Hist-Eq) techniques were applied to overcome the main challenging drawbacks of fingerprint samples acquisition such as distortion, noise, rotation, etc. Supplementary, the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was used for feature extraction. In score level fusion, the matching scores of individual fingerprints were combined via several fusion rules. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were formed ...

Like developed nations, the developing world strives for assuring high standards of healthcare se... more Like developed nations, the developing world strives for assuring high standards of healthcare services. To meet this demand, healthcare providers have begun their quest for services improvement using process re-engineering. This paper is a part of major research and documents the finding of a cross-sectional pilot study conducted in Jordan to check the reliability and validity of a patient satisfaction model, SERVQUAL. The study covers a sample of 50 patients who have visited the Emergency Department, ED, of hospitals in Amman and Irbid, Jordan. The pilot study also determines the different dimensions of the service quality in Jordanian hospitals and evaluates the service quality from the patients' perspective. The study concluded that, overall, the SERVQUAL questioner is reliable but not valid. The sub-scale of the questioner does not possess adequate reliability, except responsiveness for the perceived service quality. The study recommends modifying the number of dimensions in SERVQUAL before implementing it on a larger scale and using a shorter instrument.

Introduction The SeaSHeL Study is an ongoing national, multi-centre, cohort study investigating S... more Introduction The SeaSHeL Study is an ongoing national, multi-centre, cohort study investigating Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL). The study is supported by the INTEGRATE ENT Trainee Research Network and the Audiology NIHR Champions, as well as being adopted onto the NIHR Clinical Research Network. It aims to map the pathway of patients with SSNHL, develop a prognostic model to predict recovery of patients with idiopathic SSNHL and establish the impact on patients’ quality of life. Here we summarise the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the study and highlight methods employed to improve data collection. Methods Data collection commenced in October 2019 and as of August 2020, 227 patients have been recruited from 66 registered sites across England. This interim data was analysed. The primary outcome was the change in monthly patient recruitment and site registration. The secondary outcome was the completeness of the dataset. Results Initially, monthly site registration incr...

Social networking sites (SNS) have developed from being simply hedonic for private use to powerfu... more Social networking sites (SNS) have developed from being simply hedonic for private use to powerful hierarchical apparatuses utilized both inside association and remotely correspondence or joint effort with different stakeholders. Social networking is a prevalent pattern today, particularly amongst young students. As online networking is gradually coming into vogue, it is a commence that technology is a fundamental part in present modern students. Web-based social networking had exploded as an arrangement of online talk where individual build contents, share, mark and connect with tremendous speed. Due to its usability, speed and achievement, social networking is quickly changing people in general talk in the public arena, setting pattern and motivation in subjects that is selection from environment and governmental issues to the technology and media outlets. Social Networking Sites (SNS) for example, Facebook, is currently an essential interchanges medium used to join people and org...

Terrorism and extremism is a non-traditional security threat and is on its peak after September 9... more Terrorism and extremism is a non-traditional security threat and is on its peak after September 9/11 in Pakistan. The attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon divided the world into two blocs’ supportive and nonsupportive ally of United States. Pakistan being a supportive ally of the US has to face more negative security implications than positive. The security situation of Pakistan turned and is still worsening day by day. In this critical situation it is difficult to define national security of Pakistan. There is a need to eradicate threats of terrorism and extremism. By adopting multiple ways through which Pakistan can improve its security.

Earthquake loss estimation models are based on the information regarding the elements at risk. Th... more Earthquake loss estimation models are based on the information regarding the elements at risk. The built environment is the most important element at risk as lives of people are lost due to collapsed buildings. This paper presents the results of development of a geographical information system (GIS) for population and buildings in Pakistan. The district level census data was employed and was transformed into a GIS based 1x1 km grid format. The building to population ratios for the districts were calculated with the help of population and building statistics available in the census report. The random point generation technique was employed for population estimation in the cell of size 1x1 km. The cell population was multiplied with the building ratio to determine the estimated number of buildings in the cell.

To investigate the CD4 + T cell and Th17 Cell responses to pneumococcal RrgA and RrgB antigens in... more To investigate the CD4 + T cell and Th17 Cell responses to pneumococcal RrgA and RrgB antigens in human adenotonsillar MNC.

2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC), 2018

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) provides innovative services to all modes of transportation. I... more Intelligent Transport System (ITS) provides innovative services to all modes of transportation. It facilitates numerous safety and traffic management applications by providing neighborhood mobility information using wireless communications. To implement this technology, secure wireless communication is a key requirement. As ITS applications involve the safety of vehicles, therefore a lower end-to-end delay is needed. ITS could be subject to security attacks such as man-in-the-middle, denial of service and jamming. A robust cryptographic algorithm is required that can provide defense against data tampering by malicious users. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is a well-known cryptographic algorithm that provides robust security with a small message overhead. In this paper, we implement ECDSA signature algorithm on a Virtex 6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which is capable to validate the real-time constraints of ITS applications. Parallelism is exploited in ECDSA architecture by using parallel processing techniques to reduce the hardware delays, thus reducing the real-time security and end-to-end delay of the ITS messages. The proposed implementation provides faster computational time for signature of ITS messages as compared to other implementations available in the literature.

Sustainability, 2021

Cotton production is highly vulnerable to climate change, and heat stress is a major constraint i... more Cotton production is highly vulnerable to climate change, and heat stress is a major constraint in the cotton zone of Punjab, Pakistan. Adaptation is perceived as a critical step to deal with forecasted and unexpected climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to standardize and authenticate a cotton crop model based on climate and crop husbandry data in order to develop an adaptation package for cotton crop production in the wake of climate change. For the study, the data were collected from the cotton-growing areas of Punjab, viz. Bahawalpur and Khanewal. After the calibration and validation against field data, the Cropping System Model CSM–CROPGRO–Cotton in the shell of the decision support system for agro-technology transfer (DSSAT) was run with a future climate generated under two representative concentrations pathways (RCPs), viz. RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 with five global circulation models (GCMs). The whole study showed that a model is an artistic tool for examining the tem...

Molecules, 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of death worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. Th... more Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of death worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. The toxicity and the development of resistance against 5 fluorouracil 5FU pose increasing therapeutic difficulties, which necessitates the development of personalized drugs and drug combinations. Objectives: First, to determine the most important kinases and kinase pathways, and the amount of ABC transporters and KRAS in samples taken from Saudi CRC patients. Second, to investigate the chemosensitizing effect of LY294002 and HAA2020 and their combinations with 5FU on HT29, HT29-5FU, HCT116, and HCT116-5FU CRC cells, their effect on the three ABC transporters, cell cycle, and apoptosis, in light of the important kinase pathways resulting from the first part of this study. Methods: The PamChip® peptide micro-array profiling was used to determine the level of kinase and targets in the Saudi CRC samples. Next, RT-PCR, MTT cytotoxicity, Western blotting, perturbation of cell cycle, annexin V, a...

International Journal of Modern Physics B, 2020

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to investigate the phonon properties of CoFeCrZ (Z[Formul... more Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to investigate the phonon properties of CoFeCrZ (Z[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]Al, Si, Ga, Ge) equiatomic Quaternary Heusler Alloys. These alloys crystallize in face centered cubic (FCC) structure and have three crystal structures Y-Type I, Y-Type II and Y-Type III on the basis of their atomic positions. For CoFeCrZ (Z[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]Al, Si, Ga, Ge), Y-Type I is the most stable structure found in the literature, so phonon dispersion curves for this structure are obtained with the help of norm-conserving pseudo potentials in Quantum ESPRESSO. Absence of negative frequencies in phonon dispersion curves proves the dynamical stability of all these alloys. Phonon dispersion curves are further used to obtain Reststrahlen band, a region where light reflects 100%. The calculated Reststrahlen bands for CoFeCrAl, CoFeCrSi, CoFeCrGa and CoFeCrGe are 4.179 THz ([Formula: see text]m), 4.30 THz ([Formula: see text]m), 3.35 T...