Muhammad Idris - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muhammad Idris
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Thrombocytopenia is often seen in the patients of malaria infected with Plasmodium vivax. We stud... more Thrombocytopenia is often seen in the patients of malaria infected with Plasmodium vivax. We studied patients admitted in hospital having coexisting thrombocytopenia and malaria, and recorded the response to anti-malarial therapy. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 120 patients admitted in medical ward with Plasmodium vivax malaria and co-existing thrombocytopenia were studied. Out of total 120 slide positive Malaria patients who had low platelet count (<150x10(9) /L), platelet count increased to ≥150x10(9) /L in 73 (60.8%) patients after five days of anti-malarial therapy while in 47 (39.2%) patients thrombocytopenia persisted. After ten days of anti-malarial therapy, platelet count in all the patients recovered to ≥ 150x10(9) L. None of the patients required platelet transfusion. In majority of the patients of Plasmodium vivax malaria having thrombocytopenia, platelet count returns to normal within five to ten days of start of anti-malarial treatment and nlat...
Journal of Ayub Medical College
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by toxoplasma gondii. This disease is prevalent in ma... more Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by toxoplasma gondii. This disease is prevalent in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Besides other conditions, ocular diseases are also caused by it. Immune response is mounted against this protozoon in the form of antibodies which are detectable in patient's serum. The present study estimated the seroprevalence of antitoxoplasma antibodies in patients with ocular diseases. One hundred patients of either sex and age were studied at the ophthalmology units of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre and Lyari General Hospital Karachi. Antitoxoplasma antibodies, both immunoglobulin G and M (IgG & IgM) were detected in the sera of these patients by the recommended methods. Seroprevalence of antitoxoplasma antibodies was highest (60%) in age groups 21 to 40 years. It was seen in either sex but was found to be more common in females. Further studies with improved diagnostic techniques on larger samples are needed to diagnose and treat t...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2016
BACKGROUND Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical e... more BACKGROUND Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism but patient is clinically asymptomatic. This concept is not new. The typical picture of this condition is increased thyroid stimulating hormone and normal thyroxine levels. Subclinical hypothyroidism has been found to have variable prevalence ranging from 4-10% to 10- 26%. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted on 378 adult patients coming to outpatient department of District Headquarter Hospital Abbottabad over a period of two years from February 2013 to February 2015. RESULTS Out of the 378 individuals studied, 37 (9.78%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. Mean age of the patients was 43.5±10.5 years. Females outnumbered males, i.e., 24 out of 37 (65%). It was noted that there was no correlation between mean TSH level and gender or age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism is not an uncommon condition and its diagnosis is established e...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2005
BACKGROUND Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin... more BACKGROUND Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentration below the normal for age, sex, physiological condition and altitude from the sea level of a person. It can be of different types, the commonest being iron deficiency anaemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world. The present study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital on this problem of global importance. METHODS One hundred consecutive anaemic patients were selected from Ayub Teaching Hospital. After detailed history and examination, preliminary blood tests including full blood counts, platelets count, retics count, absolute blood values and blood film examination (all tests done by visual method) were done in the laboratories of Ayub Teaching Hospital and Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. A clinical diagnosis was made based upon the findings of history, examination and blood tests. In patients suspected to have...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2017
Visceral Leishmaniasis (also known as Kala Azar) is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania Do... more Visceral Leishmaniasis (also known as Kala Azar) is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania Donovani in the East and Leishmania Infantum in the west. It is prevalent in many countries including India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Africa and part of America. The disease follows chronic course and is usually lethal if left untreated. It has also been reported from different parts of Pakistan, including Northern areas, Districts Mansehra & Abbottabad and Hilly areas of Khyber Pukhtoonkhawah. Most the cases have been reported in paediatric population. Except one case, reported previously from Abbottabad. The present two cases were also seen in adults.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2010
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmani... more Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted to human by sand fly. Some wild animals and human reservoir is the major reservoir in most of the cases. The disease is prevalent in different parts of the world including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan and Brazil. It has also been reported from Northern half of Pakistan. In Hazara Division, it has been reported from Galiat, Battagram, Kaladhaka, Kohistan, Balakot, Kaghan and adjoining areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A focus of visceral Leishmaniasis was detected in villages located about 15 Km from Abbottabad city in year 2000. Sporadic cases were reported from the suburbs of Abbottabad but not from Abbottabad city. All these cases and cases from the other parts of Pakistan were children <12 years of age and the disease was not seen in adults except only one child, 11 year old. We report the 1st case from this area which is 16 years o...
Plasma cell leukaemia is a clinical condition in which plasma cells circulating in the peripheral... more Plasma cell leukaemia is a clinical condition in which plasma cells circulating in the peripheral blood constitute >20% of white blood cells (WBC) and there is evidence of plasma cell monoclonality. It is important to be diagnosed early for better treatment outcome. Although it is a rare disease, cases have been reported from Pakistan and other countries (including our neighbouring countries), hence making this case report. After taking history of present and past ailments, physical examination was carried out. Blood and bone marrow sampling were done after taking informed written consent from the patient. Blood samples were obtained in plain bottle, anticoagulated bottle and bone marrow was obtained from posterior iliac spine under 2% lignocaine. Plasma cell leukaemia is a rare and aggressive disease, difficult to diagnose and treat, requires early recognition and therapeutic intervention.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), a vector borne parasitic disease is endemic in many parts of ... more Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), a vector borne parasitic disease is endemic in many parts of the world including South East Asia. It is a chronic febrile ailment caused by Leishmania Donovani (LD). More than three hundred million people living in the endemic areas are at high risk and fourteen million are living with the disease. This prospective study was conducted on seventy-five patients over a period of twelve years at the department of Pathology Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, focusing on the morphology of bone marrow aspirate obtained from patients. The aspirate was smeared on glass slides, fixed with alcohol and stained with Giemsa stain. The microscopic examination of stained slides was carried out by the single microscopist to avoid the difference of opinion. The initial diagnosis was further confirmed by tow experienced microscopists. A minor difference was observed in the number of male and female participants, 38 versus 37, with male to female ratio of 1.02:1. The m...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC
ABSTRACT
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Haematological malignancies are not uncommon in our area. Due to inadequate diagnostic facilities... more Haematological malignancies are not uncommon in our area. Due to inadequate diagnostic facilities and lack of health education they are diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment is either impossible or very difficult. In our study, sixty patients with haematological malignancies were studied from 1-1-1999 to 1-1-2001, at Ayub Teaching Hospital. Abbottabad. Patients were interviewed in detail, a thorough physical examination and blood tests including haemoglobin estimation, total and differential leukocyte count, platelets count, reticulocyte count and blood film examination was done on each patient. Bone marrow examination for routine giemsa staining and cytochemistry was also done in each case. Trephine biopsy was done in selected cases. About 35.9% patients had acute myeloid leukemia, while 19.15% patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma was seen in 15.39% cases. Among chronic leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia outnumbered chronic myeloid leuk...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common problem in all age groups in our country. Different tests are ... more Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common problem in all age groups in our country. Different tests are performed for diagnosis of this disease. This study was carried out with an objective to compare Mantoux's test with diagnostic BCG in pediatric patients known to have pulmonary tuberculosis. This study was conducted on one hundred children of either sex, age up to 15 years, suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Mantoux's test and diagnostic BCG test were carried out on each patient simultaneously. Response of the patient to each test was recorded on a proforma. Both the tests were compared regarding their positivity. Both Mantoux's and BCG tests were found negative in about 26% cases, and positive in about 40% cases. BCG alone was positive in 34% cases in which Mantoux's test was negative. It is concluded that in paediatric age group, diagnostic BCG test has a definite edge over Mantoux's test in diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentrat... more Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentration below the normal for age, sex, physiological condition and altitude from the sea level of a person. It can be of different types, the commonest being iron deficiency anaemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world. The present study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital on this problem of global importance. One hundred consecutive anaemic patients were selected from Ayub Teaching Hospital. After detailed history and examination, preliminary blood tests including full blood counts, platelets count, retics count, absolute blood values and blood film examination (all tests done by visual method) were done in the laboratories of Ayub Teaching Hospital and Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. A clinical diagnosis was made based upon the findings of history, examination and blood tests. In patients suspected to have iron deficiency an...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) can be caused by a number of conditions. A common preventable cause... more Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) can be caused by a number of conditions. A common preventable cause is poliomyelitis which is still being reported in Pakistan, Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), also known as Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, is another common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It is important to recognize GBS in childhood as parents consider all acute flaccid paralysis to be due to poliomyelitis. The present study was designed to know the frequency of different causes of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division. This is a retrospective analysis of cases of acute flaccid paralysis reported from various districts of Hazara division during the period January 2003 to December 2004. Acute flaccid paralysis was diagnosed clinically through history and clinical examination. The underlying cause of acute flaccid paralysis was investigated by appropriate laboratory tests, such as serum electrolytes, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electromyogram, nerve conduction st...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Urinary tract infection is common in children and result in permanent renal damage and end stage ... more Urinary tract infection is common in children and result in permanent renal damage and end stage renal failure in significant number of patients. It is imperative to diagnose urinary tract infection early and to treat adequately. We carried out this study to look into frequency and clinical profile of UTI in children admitted in our unit. Three hundred and seventy five patients with UTI, diagnosed by urine culture with age from 0-15 years admitted in pediatric unit during 2003-2006 were included in study. Urine sample for culture was collected by midstream clean catch, urine collecting bag and Suprapubic methods depending upon the age of patient. A proforma was used to record clinical presentation and laboratory findings of these patients. Frequency of Urinary tract infections among children examined by urine culture was 375 out of 1000 (37.5%) out of which 36 (9.6%) were male and 339 (90.4%) were females. Almost half of them 48.5% were less than 3 years old. About 60% of patients b...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmani... more Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted to human by sand fly. Some wild animals and human reservoir is the major reservoir in most of the cases. The disease is prevalent in different parts of the world including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan and Brazil. It has also been reported from Northern half of Pakistan. In Hazara Division, it has been reported from Galiat, Battagram, Kaladhaka, Kohistan, Balakot, Kaghan and adjoining areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A focus of visceral Leishmaniasis was detected in villages located about 15 Km from Abbottabad city in year 2000. Sporadic cases were reported from the suburbs of Abbottabad but not from Abbottabad city. All these cases and cases from the other parts of Pakistan were children <12 years of age and the disease was not seen in adults except only one child, 11 year old. We report the 1st case from this area which is 16 years o...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a malignancy of lymphoid lineage cells, has excellent progno... more Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a malignancy of lymphoid lineage cells, has excellent prognosis in children. In Pakistan, a few studies highlighted the response of ALL to chemotherapy. The Present study was planned to see the response rate of Pakistani children with ALL to Medical Research Council ALL 97 (MRCALL97) chemotherapy protocol. This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Paediatric Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 16th of February 2007 to 16th of August 2007. Diagnosed children with ALL fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed regarding history of the present, past illnesses, and family history. Physical examination was performed. Presenting clinical features, blood counts and blood and bone marrow blasts percentage were used to see the response on day 29 post chemotherapy. The data was recorded on a structured proforma for statistical analysis. A ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Despite recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, malaria is still one of the m... more Despite recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, malaria is still one of the most prevalent human diseases with high mortality and morbidity. We described a case of 45 years old man with Plasmodium falciparum malaria primarily presenting with myocarditis. The possibility of malaria was Subsequently considered when he developed fever followed by signs of cerebral involvement. This happens to be a distinctly unusual presentation and we highlighted various features of this case. Thus in hyperendemic areas complicated Plasomdium falciparum malaria may present initially With atypical features and high index of suspicion may lead to prompt early aggressive antimalarial therapy and reduce the complications.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver caused by a Hepatitis B virus, having a parenteral mode ... more Hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver caused by a Hepatitis B virus, having a parenteral mode of entry and infecting millions of people around the world. The present study was planned to assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in women of reproductive age in Hazara in order to promote disease prevention in the perinatal period by vaccination against Hepatitis B. Women 15-45 years old belonging to Hazara Division were included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year at the Department of Microbiology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad in collaboration with the Department of Pathology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st March 2006 to 28th February 2007. Non-probability convenience sampling was done to select 500 females from those visiting Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad as outdoor patients or accompanying person. History, examination, and serum alanine aminotransferase estimation were followed by the initial screening for Hepatitis ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the causative agent of Hepatitis C is prevalent in different countries i... more Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the causative agent of Hepatitis C is prevalent in different countries including Pakistan. Studies have been conducted on various aspects of HCV in Pakistan. The present study was planed to see the prevalence of hepatitis C in pregnant females of Hazara Division. Five hundred pregnant females of reproductive age group from Hazara Division selected by non probability convenient sampling technique were studied from 1st March 2006 to 28th February 2007 at Ayub Teaching Hospital, and District Headquarter Hospitals Abbottabad, Haripur and Mansehra. After initial serving by immunology technique positive cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Essay (ELISA). Seroprevalence of HCV in pregnant females of Hazara division was 8.9%. Females aged from 25-35 constituted the largest group among positive cases. HCV was more prevalent in District Abbottabad as compared to the other districts of Hazara division. Seroprevalence of HCV in pregnant females of Hazara ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Thrombocytopenia is an important cause of mucocutanaeous bleeding in adult and paediatric patient... more Thrombocytopenia is an important cause of mucocutanaeous bleeding in adult and paediatric patients. Immune thrombocytopenia is one of the common causes of thrombocytopenia. Its clinical presentations vary from patient to patient, not studied in our area previously. The present study was planned to see the frequency of clinical presentations of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in our patients. This prospective study was conducted on 125 patients with ITP, diagnosed by exclusion of secondary causes of thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination was performed on all the patients. Bruising, epistaxis and gum bleeding were the commonest clinical presentations in adults and children. Bleeding was more severe in acute cases. Increased menstrual bleeding was seen in female patients. Bruising, epistaxis and gum bleeding are the commonest clinical presentations of ITP. Our results are not much different from those of the other studies conducted in Pakistan.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Thrombocytopenia is often seen in the patients of malaria infected with Plasmodium vivax. We stud... more Thrombocytopenia is often seen in the patients of malaria infected with Plasmodium vivax. We studied patients admitted in hospital having coexisting thrombocytopenia and malaria, and recorded the response to anti-malarial therapy. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 120 patients admitted in medical ward with Plasmodium vivax malaria and co-existing thrombocytopenia were studied. Out of total 120 slide positive Malaria patients who had low platelet count (<150x10(9) /L), platelet count increased to ≥150x10(9) /L in 73 (60.8%) patients after five days of anti-malarial therapy while in 47 (39.2%) patients thrombocytopenia persisted. After ten days of anti-malarial therapy, platelet count in all the patients recovered to ≥ 150x10(9) L. None of the patients required platelet transfusion. In majority of the patients of Plasmodium vivax malaria having thrombocytopenia, platelet count returns to normal within five to ten days of start of anti-malarial treatment and nlat...
Journal of Ayub Medical College
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by toxoplasma gondii. This disease is prevalent in ma... more Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by toxoplasma gondii. This disease is prevalent in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Besides other conditions, ocular diseases are also caused by it. Immune response is mounted against this protozoon in the form of antibodies which are detectable in patient's serum. The present study estimated the seroprevalence of antitoxoplasma antibodies in patients with ocular diseases. One hundred patients of either sex and age were studied at the ophthalmology units of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre and Lyari General Hospital Karachi. Antitoxoplasma antibodies, both immunoglobulin G and M (IgG & IgM) were detected in the sera of these patients by the recommended methods. Seroprevalence of antitoxoplasma antibodies was highest (60%) in age groups 21 to 40 years. It was seen in either sex but was found to be more common in females. Further studies with improved diagnostic techniques on larger samples are needed to diagnose and treat t...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2016
BACKGROUND Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical e... more BACKGROUND Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism but patient is clinically asymptomatic. This concept is not new. The typical picture of this condition is increased thyroid stimulating hormone and normal thyroxine levels. Subclinical hypothyroidism has been found to have variable prevalence ranging from 4-10% to 10- 26%. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted on 378 adult patients coming to outpatient department of District Headquarter Hospital Abbottabad over a period of two years from February 2013 to February 2015. RESULTS Out of the 378 individuals studied, 37 (9.78%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. Mean age of the patients was 43.5±10.5 years. Females outnumbered males, i.e., 24 out of 37 (65%). It was noted that there was no correlation between mean TSH level and gender or age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism is not an uncommon condition and its diagnosis is established e...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2005
BACKGROUND Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin... more BACKGROUND Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentration below the normal for age, sex, physiological condition and altitude from the sea level of a person. It can be of different types, the commonest being iron deficiency anaemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world. The present study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital on this problem of global importance. METHODS One hundred consecutive anaemic patients were selected from Ayub Teaching Hospital. After detailed history and examination, preliminary blood tests including full blood counts, platelets count, retics count, absolute blood values and blood film examination (all tests done by visual method) were done in the laboratories of Ayub Teaching Hospital and Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. A clinical diagnosis was made based upon the findings of history, examination and blood tests. In patients suspected to have...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2017
Visceral Leishmaniasis (also known as Kala Azar) is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania Do... more Visceral Leishmaniasis (also known as Kala Azar) is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania Donovani in the East and Leishmania Infantum in the west. It is prevalent in many countries including India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Africa and part of America. The disease follows chronic course and is usually lethal if left untreated. It has also been reported from different parts of Pakistan, including Northern areas, Districts Mansehra & Abbottabad and Hilly areas of Khyber Pukhtoonkhawah. Most the cases have been reported in paediatric population. Except one case, reported previously from Abbottabad. The present two cases were also seen in adults.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2010
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmani... more Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted to human by sand fly. Some wild animals and human reservoir is the major reservoir in most of the cases. The disease is prevalent in different parts of the world including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan and Brazil. It has also been reported from Northern half of Pakistan. In Hazara Division, it has been reported from Galiat, Battagram, Kaladhaka, Kohistan, Balakot, Kaghan and adjoining areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A focus of visceral Leishmaniasis was detected in villages located about 15 Km from Abbottabad city in year 2000. Sporadic cases were reported from the suburbs of Abbottabad but not from Abbottabad city. All these cases and cases from the other parts of Pakistan were children <12 years of age and the disease was not seen in adults except only one child, 11 year old. We report the 1st case from this area which is 16 years o...
Plasma cell leukaemia is a clinical condition in which plasma cells circulating in the peripheral... more Plasma cell leukaemia is a clinical condition in which plasma cells circulating in the peripheral blood constitute >20% of white blood cells (WBC) and there is evidence of plasma cell monoclonality. It is important to be diagnosed early for better treatment outcome. Although it is a rare disease, cases have been reported from Pakistan and other countries (including our neighbouring countries), hence making this case report. After taking history of present and past ailments, physical examination was carried out. Blood and bone marrow sampling were done after taking informed written consent from the patient. Blood samples were obtained in plain bottle, anticoagulated bottle and bone marrow was obtained from posterior iliac spine under 2% lignocaine. Plasma cell leukaemia is a rare and aggressive disease, difficult to diagnose and treat, requires early recognition and therapeutic intervention.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), a vector borne parasitic disease is endemic in many parts of ... more Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), a vector borne parasitic disease is endemic in many parts of the world including South East Asia. It is a chronic febrile ailment caused by Leishmania Donovani (LD). More than three hundred million people living in the endemic areas are at high risk and fourteen million are living with the disease. This prospective study was conducted on seventy-five patients over a period of twelve years at the department of Pathology Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, focusing on the morphology of bone marrow aspirate obtained from patients. The aspirate was smeared on glass slides, fixed with alcohol and stained with Giemsa stain. The microscopic examination of stained slides was carried out by the single microscopist to avoid the difference of opinion. The initial diagnosis was further confirmed by tow experienced microscopists. A minor difference was observed in the number of male and female participants, 38 versus 37, with male to female ratio of 1.02:1. The m...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC
ABSTRACT
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Haematological malignancies are not uncommon in our area. Due to inadequate diagnostic facilities... more Haematological malignancies are not uncommon in our area. Due to inadequate diagnostic facilities and lack of health education they are diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment is either impossible or very difficult. In our study, sixty patients with haematological malignancies were studied from 1-1-1999 to 1-1-2001, at Ayub Teaching Hospital. Abbottabad. Patients were interviewed in detail, a thorough physical examination and blood tests including haemoglobin estimation, total and differential leukocyte count, platelets count, reticulocyte count and blood film examination was done on each patient. Bone marrow examination for routine giemsa staining and cytochemistry was also done in each case. Trephine biopsy was done in selected cases. About 35.9% patients had acute myeloid leukemia, while 19.15% patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma was seen in 15.39% cases. Among chronic leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia outnumbered chronic myeloid leuk...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common problem in all age groups in our country. Different tests are ... more Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common problem in all age groups in our country. Different tests are performed for diagnosis of this disease. This study was carried out with an objective to compare Mantoux's test with diagnostic BCG in pediatric patients known to have pulmonary tuberculosis. This study was conducted on one hundred children of either sex, age up to 15 years, suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Mantoux's test and diagnostic BCG test were carried out on each patient simultaneously. Response of the patient to each test was recorded on a proforma. Both the tests were compared regarding their positivity. Both Mantoux's and BCG tests were found negative in about 26% cases, and positive in about 40% cases. BCG alone was positive in 34% cases in which Mantoux's test was negative. It is concluded that in paediatric age group, diagnostic BCG test has a definite edge over Mantoux's test in diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentrat... more Anaemia is defined as a clinical abnormality characterized by reduction in haemoglobin concentration below the normal for age, sex, physiological condition and altitude from the sea level of a person. It can be of different types, the commonest being iron deficiency anaemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world. The present study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital on this problem of global importance. One hundred consecutive anaemic patients were selected from Ayub Teaching Hospital. After detailed history and examination, preliminary blood tests including full blood counts, platelets count, retics count, absolute blood values and blood film examination (all tests done by visual method) were done in the laboratories of Ayub Teaching Hospital and Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad. A clinical diagnosis was made based upon the findings of history, examination and blood tests. In patients suspected to have iron deficiency an...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) can be caused by a number of conditions. A common preventable cause... more Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) can be caused by a number of conditions. A common preventable cause is poliomyelitis which is still being reported in Pakistan, Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), also known as Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, is another common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It is important to recognize GBS in childhood as parents consider all acute flaccid paralysis to be due to poliomyelitis. The present study was designed to know the frequency of different causes of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division. This is a retrospective analysis of cases of acute flaccid paralysis reported from various districts of Hazara division during the period January 2003 to December 2004. Acute flaccid paralysis was diagnosed clinically through history and clinical examination. The underlying cause of acute flaccid paralysis was investigated by appropriate laboratory tests, such as serum electrolytes, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electromyogram, nerve conduction st...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Urinary tract infection is common in children and result in permanent renal damage and end stage ... more Urinary tract infection is common in children and result in permanent renal damage and end stage renal failure in significant number of patients. It is imperative to diagnose urinary tract infection early and to treat adequately. We carried out this study to look into frequency and clinical profile of UTI in children admitted in our unit. Three hundred and seventy five patients with UTI, diagnosed by urine culture with age from 0-15 years admitted in pediatric unit during 2003-2006 were included in study. Urine sample for culture was collected by midstream clean catch, urine collecting bag and Suprapubic methods depending upon the age of patient. A proforma was used to record clinical presentation and laboratory findings of these patients. Frequency of Urinary tract infections among children examined by urine culture was 375 out of 1000 (37.5%) out of which 36 (9.6%) were male and 339 (90.4%) were females. Almost half of them 48.5% were less than 3 years old. About 60% of patients b...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmani... more Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by the parasite of genus Leishmania. Visceral Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted to human by sand fly. Some wild animals and human reservoir is the major reservoir in most of the cases. The disease is prevalent in different parts of the world including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan and Brazil. It has also been reported from Northern half of Pakistan. In Hazara Division, it has been reported from Galiat, Battagram, Kaladhaka, Kohistan, Balakot, Kaghan and adjoining areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A focus of visceral Leishmaniasis was detected in villages located about 15 Km from Abbottabad city in year 2000. Sporadic cases were reported from the suburbs of Abbottabad but not from Abbottabad city. All these cases and cases from the other parts of Pakistan were children <12 years of age and the disease was not seen in adults except only one child, 11 year old. We report the 1st case from this area which is 16 years o...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a malignancy of lymphoid lineage cells, has excellent progno... more Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a malignancy of lymphoid lineage cells, has excellent prognosis in children. In Pakistan, a few studies highlighted the response of ALL to chemotherapy. The Present study was planned to see the response rate of Pakistani children with ALL to Medical Research Council ALL 97 (MRCALL97) chemotherapy protocol. This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Paediatric Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 16th of February 2007 to 16th of August 2007. Diagnosed children with ALL fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed regarding history of the present, past illnesses, and family history. Physical examination was performed. Presenting clinical features, blood counts and blood and bone marrow blasts percentage were used to see the response on day 29 post chemotherapy. The data was recorded on a structured proforma for statistical analysis. A ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Despite recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, malaria is still one of the m... more Despite recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, malaria is still one of the most prevalent human diseases with high mortality and morbidity. We described a case of 45 years old man with Plasmodium falciparum malaria primarily presenting with myocarditis. The possibility of malaria was Subsequently considered when he developed fever followed by signs of cerebral involvement. This happens to be a distinctly unusual presentation and we highlighted various features of this case. Thus in hyperendemic areas complicated Plasomdium falciparum malaria may present initially With atypical features and high index of suspicion may lead to prompt early aggressive antimalarial therapy and reduce the complications.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver caused by a Hepatitis B virus, having a parenteral mode ... more Hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver caused by a Hepatitis B virus, having a parenteral mode of entry and infecting millions of people around the world. The present study was planned to assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in women of reproductive age in Hazara in order to promote disease prevention in the perinatal period by vaccination against Hepatitis B. Women 15-45 years old belonging to Hazara Division were included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year at the Department of Microbiology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad in collaboration with the Department of Pathology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st March 2006 to 28th February 2007. Non-probability convenience sampling was done to select 500 females from those visiting Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad as outdoor patients or accompanying person. History, examination, and serum alanine aminotransferase estimation were followed by the initial screening for Hepatitis ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the causative agent of Hepatitis C is prevalent in different countries i... more Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the causative agent of Hepatitis C is prevalent in different countries including Pakistan. Studies have been conducted on various aspects of HCV in Pakistan. The present study was planed to see the prevalence of hepatitis C in pregnant females of Hazara Division. Five hundred pregnant females of reproductive age group from Hazara Division selected by non probability convenient sampling technique were studied from 1st March 2006 to 28th February 2007 at Ayub Teaching Hospital, and District Headquarter Hospitals Abbottabad, Haripur and Mansehra. After initial serving by immunology technique positive cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Essay (ELISA). Seroprevalence of HCV in pregnant females of Hazara division was 8.9%. Females aged from 25-35 constituted the largest group among positive cases. HCV was more prevalent in District Abbottabad as compared to the other districts of Hazara division. Seroprevalence of HCV in pregnant females of Hazara ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Thrombocytopenia is an important cause of mucocutanaeous bleeding in adult and paediatric patient... more Thrombocytopenia is an important cause of mucocutanaeous bleeding in adult and paediatric patients. Immune thrombocytopenia is one of the common causes of thrombocytopenia. Its clinical presentations vary from patient to patient, not studied in our area previously. The present study was planned to see the frequency of clinical presentations of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in our patients. This prospective study was conducted on 125 patients with ITP, diagnosed by exclusion of secondary causes of thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination was performed on all the patients. Bruising, epistaxis and gum bleeding were the commonest clinical presentations in adults and children. Bleeding was more severe in acute cases. Increased menstrual bleeding was seen in female patients. Bruising, epistaxis and gum bleeding are the commonest clinical presentations of ITP. Our results are not much different from those of the other studies conducted in Pakistan.