Muhammad Moniruzzaman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Moniruzzaman

Molecules

Ibuprofen (Ibf) is a biologically active drug (BADs) and an emerging contaminant of concern (CECs... more Ibuprofen (Ibf) is a biologically active drug (BADs) and an emerging contaminant of concern (CECs) in aqueous streams. Due to its adverse effects upon aquatic organisms and humans, the removal and recovery of Ibf are essential. Usually, conventional solvents are employed for the separation and recovery of ibuprofen. Due to environmental limitations, alternative green extracting agents need to be explored. Ionic liquids (ILs), emerging and greener alternatives, can also serve this purpose. It is essential to explore ILs that are effective for recovering ibuprofen, among millions of ILs. The conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is an efficient tool that can be used to screen ILs specifically for ibuprofen extraction. The main objective of this work was to identify the best IL for the extraction of ibuprofen. A total of 152 different cation–anion combinations consisting of eight aromatic and non-aromatic cations and nineteen anions were screened. The evaluation w...

Molecules

In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vi... more In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM) using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross linker, and demonstrated its efficiency for the removal of two extensively used ionic dyes—methylene blue and orange-II—from aqueous systems. The detailed characterization of the synthesized poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM was performed with the help of 1H NMR, TGA, FT-IR and FE-SEM analysis. The concentration of dyes in aqueous samples before and after the adsorption process was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. The process parameters were optimised, and highest adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of 7.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.75 g/L, contact time of 7 h and dye concentrations of 100 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for methylene blue and orange-II, respectively. The adsorption kinetics for orange-II and methylene blue were well described by pseudo-first-order and pse...

The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the obstacles in the process of sug... more The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the obstacles in the process of sugar production, due to the presence of lignin that protects the cellulose molecules against cellulases. Although the pretreatment of lignocellulose in ionic liquid (IL) system has been receiving a lot of interest; however, it requires IL removal with an anti-solvent in order to proceed with the enzymatic hydrolysis. At this point, introducing a compatible cellulase enzyme seems more efficient in this process. A cellulase enzyme that was produced by Trichoderma reesei on palm kernel cake (PKC) exhibited a promising stability in several ILs. The enzyme called PKC-Cel was tested for its optimum pH and temperature as well as its molecular weight. One among evaluated ILs, 1,3-diethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate [DEMIM] DMP was applied in this study. Evaluation of six factors was executed in Stat-Ease Design Expert V.9, definitive screening design, which are IL/ buffer ratio, temperature, hyd...

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020

Micelles are formed using a CO2-philic surfactant (N-ethyl perfluorooctyl sulfonamide) and embedd... more Micelles are formed using a CO2-philic surfactant (N-ethyl perfluorooctyl sulfonamide) and embedded in in situ formed polymeric materials (SMI-ILPs) to enhance CO2 sorption.

journal of engineering science and technology, 2015

Enzyme immobilization methods are continuously being developed for a wide range of applications i... more Enzyme immobilization methods are continuously being developed for a wide range of applications including biocatalysis and biotransformation. Compared to other immobilization methods, physical entrapment into a matrix is relatively simple and inexpensive, and causes a relatively small perturbation to the native enzyme structure and function. However, significant enzyme leaching from such biocatalytic polymers is the main constraint in using them for industrial levels. This study reports an ionic liquid (IL) polymer materials incorporating enzymes that can be used as active, stable and reusable biocatalysts to overcome the limitations. Lipase was microencapsulated in surfactant aggregates formed in an IL monomer or the solution of an IL monomer/IL and then incorporated into polymer frameworks through the free radical polymerization of an IL (1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide ([veim][Tf2N]). The activity, stability and reusability of IL polymer materials co...

One conventional way to address the poor solubility of drugs in order to increase their performan... more One conventional way to address the poor solubility of drugs in order to increase their performance is to use excipients polar organic solvents. However, the use of such organic solvents has many drawbacks. They are often volatile, flammable and toxic. Pharmaceutical ingredients must be free from all such traces. So in this work, we have showed that we can use ionic liquids (ILs) as a replacement for conventional solvent in pharmaceutical industries. The solubility of Acyclovir in ILs was studied within two cations groups of ILs (Ammonium, Pyridinium) and sixteen anions using COSMOtherm-X software at room temperature and atomosphere pressure. The results showed that the solubility of Acyclovir in ammonium-based ILs is relatively higher than other studied ILs. Considering ammonium salts examined in this work, tetramethylammonium-acetate [N 1111 ][OAc], trimethylethylammonium-acetate [N 1112 ][OAc] and dimethylethylpropylammonium-acetate [N 1123 ][OAc] are excellent solvents. Due to ...

E3S Web of Conferences, 2021

Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil sp... more Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil spill. However, the toxicity related with these dispersants confined its application in marine environment. Therefore, to overcome this problem, the employment of environmentally benign dispersants is one of the effective conceivable approach. In this study, the formulation comprised of choline based ionic liquid, choline laurate ([Cho][Lau]) and a biosurfactant, lactonic sophorolipids (LS) were used as a crude oil emulsifier. The toxicity of the newly developed formulation was evaluated to confirm their safe employment in sea water. The developed formulation worked effectively as a crude oil emulsifier and formed a stable crude oil emulsion. The toxicity study against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria depicts the “practically harmless” nature of the developed formulation. Thus, the results presented in this study showed that the new formulation can potentially replace the conventional ...

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2021

Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for enzymatic conversions of... more Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for enzymatic conversions of substratesespecially substrates that are insoluble in common organic solvents and waterresulting in high conversion rates, high selectivity, and improved enzyme stability, wherein the ILs are recoverable and recyclable. Compared with performance in first-generation ILs, researchers recently considerably improved the technological utility of enzymes in second-and third-generation ILs composed of enzyme-benign cations and anions. Use of upgraded ILs with enzymes offers further improved activity and stability compared with research studies in the past decade, rendering IL-assisted biocatalytic processes more environmentally and economically attractive. This short review briefly presents recent developments of enzymatic reactions in ILs. The review covers approaches for and modifications of enzymes and ILs within the past 2 years for improved enzymes performance in ILs.

Polymers, 2021

The thermal kinetic modeling is crucial for development of sustainable processes where lignocellu... more The thermal kinetic modeling is crucial for development of sustainable processes where lignocellulosic fuels are a part of chemical system and their thermal degradation eventuates. In this paper, thermal decomposition of three lignocellulosic materials (bagasse, rice husk, and wheat straw) was obtained by the thermogravimetric (TG) technique and kinetics was analyzed by both model-fitting and isoconversional (model-free) methods to compare their effectiveness. Two models selected from each class include Arrhenius and Coats–Redfern (model-fitting), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) (model-free). The formal model-fitting approach simulating the thermal decomposition of solids by assuming a fixed mechanism was found to be unduly facile. However, activation energy (E) values calculated from two model-fitting techniques were considerably different from each other with a percentage difference in the range of 1.36% to 7.65%. Particularly, both model-fitting meth...

Polymers, 2021

Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of li... more Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG processing on lignocellulosic constituents and thermal stability of WS fiber was studied. Results imply that AAG pretreatment was superior in generating cellulose-rich fiber (CRF) as compared to other pretreatments and enhanced the cellulose contents by 90% compared to raw WS fiber. Flexural strength of acidic (40.50 MPa) and hot water treated WS composite (38.71 MPa) was higher compared to the val...

Pharmaceutics, 2020

The transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs is challenging due to of the need for a drug ... more The transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs is challenging due to of the need for a drug carrier. In the past few decades, ionic liquid (IL)-in-oil microemulsions (IL/O MEs) have been developed as potential carriers. By focusing on biocompatibility, we report on an IL/O ME that is designed to enhance the solubility and transdermal delivery of the sparingly soluble drug, acyclovir. The prepared MEs were composed of a hydrophilic IL (choline formate, choline lactate, or choline propionate) as the non-aqueous polar phase and a surface-active IL (choline oleate) as the surfactant in combination with sorbitan laurate in a continuous oil phase. The selected ILs were all biologically active ions. Optimized pseudo ternary phase diagrams indicated the MEs formed thermodynamically stable, spherically shaped, and nano-sized (<100 nm) droplets. An in vitro drug permeation study, using pig skin, showed the significantly enhanced permeation of acyclovir using the ME. A Fourier transfor...

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020

Developing a universal drug delivery vehicle of sparingly soluble drugs 26 remains a challenge, w... more Developing a universal drug delivery vehicle of sparingly soluble drugs 26 remains a challenge, with surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL)-based ionic liquid-in-oil (IL/O) 27 microemulsions (MEs) being the most suitable vehicles. In this study, a series of SAILs were formulated to prepare novel IL/O MEs composed of SAIL, sorbitan laurate (Span-20) and 29 isopropyl myristate. Based on the constructed pseudo-ternary diagrams, the SAILs played 30 vital surfactant roles with Span-20 acting as a co-surfactant. Excellent drug solubility of MEs 31 prepared with a ratio of 2:1 (SAIL[Cho][Ole]: Span-20) was observed. Examination of the 32 droplet shape, size and size distribution of the MEs revealed well-distributed particle sizes of 33 6.5 to 21.2 nm that formed spherical micelles with the IL 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl 34 phosphate at the core of the MEs. The MEs showed excellent solubility of sparingly soluble 35 drugs (i.e., celecoxib, acyclovir, methotrexate and dantrolene sodium). In vitro cytotoxicity of 36 the new carrier using a three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis model revealed that 37 cell viability of SAIL-based MEs (94%) was similar when compared with conventional 38 Tween-80 based MEs (96%) at the same IL concentration (4%). The results indicate that the 39 SAIL surfactant in the MEs represents a potential alternative to conventional surfactants for 40 solubilizing insoluble drug molecules.

Makara Journal of Technology, 2020

Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity assoc... more Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity associated with it reduce its employment in marine environment. To overcome this limitation, the acute toxicity of choline based ionic liquids was evaluated as a potential low toxic variant for oil spill remediation. Further, the aggregation behavior of the individual as well as their binary mixtures was also evaluated by employing tensiometry technique. The half-lethal concentration, LC 50 on zebrafish (Danio rerio) of three choline based ionic liquids showed that the studied ionic liquids (ILs) fall in the range of "practically nontoxic" (100-1000 mg L-1).Various micellar properties showed that a synergistic interaction existed between all the binary mixtures (β < 0, f 1 and f 2 <1). Moreover, the produced micelles were found to be spontaneous and thermodynamically stable with respect to all the mole ratio of ILs. Overall, these results showed the safe nature of the studied ILs for various application including oil dispersants.

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2017

Ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment has emerged as the promising technology toward environmentally b... more Ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment has emerged as the promising technology toward environmentally benign conversion of lignocellulosic residues into high value cellulosic fiber as sustainable raw material for biocomposite manufacturing. In this work, the impact of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([emim] [dep]) pretreatment of oil palm frond (OPF) on the flexural properties of the composite board has been reported. Ionic liquid pretreatment of OPF fiber under high solids loading (IL/biomass ratio = 1.0) was conducted prior to compounding with thermoplastic starch which was used as binder polymer. Effect of IL pretreatment on OPF fiber was assessed by employing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique. IL treated composite board was found to exhibit superior flexural properties than that of untreated board. Flexural strength was increased from 10 MPa for untreated composite to 12.75 MPa for composites fabricated from IL treated OPF particles. The obtained results evidenced that the IL pretreatment could be a promising, cost-efficient and benign approach for conversion of agricultural waste into high value engineered composite panels. The study plainly demonstrates that IL based pretreatment could be a green technology for effective utilization of lignocellulosic waste biomass in the biocomposite manufacturing.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts at ambient or lower temperatures and consist of ions and sho... more Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts at ambient or lower temperatures and consist of ions and short-lived ion pairs. They are potential alternatives to toxic, hazardous, highly flammable, and volatile solvents for preparing solutions, dispersions, gels, composites, and polymeric melts. ILs have some very interesting and unique characteristics like good chemical and thermal stability and very low vapor pressures. They have good solvation interactions with a wide range of organic, inorganic, and polymeric compounds. They can enhance colloidal stability and the elasticity range of polymers. ILs are environmental friendly, easily recyclable, and structurally similar to the conventional solvents. For optimal performance, it is necessary to fully understand the rheological properties of ILs and their different systems for academic interests such as understanding the ability of ILs as processing aids particularly in film casting, fiber spinning and spraying, comprehension of thermodynamics and dynamics of polymer chains in ILs, analyzing the hydrodynamic volume of dispersed polymer, polymer−ILs interactions, characterizing the viscoelastic properties and nanophase−ILs interactions in nanocomposite systems, analyzing the plasticization efficiency, and the final properties of the composite system. The rheological analysis is also important for industrial purposes particularly for designing processing techniques and suitable operating conditions for IL based systems. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the rheological properties of pure ionic liquids and solutions, dispersions, gels, composites, and melts based on ionic liquids.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018

A primitive element for the development of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the study of therma... more A primitive element for the development of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the study of thermal degradation kinetics of lignocellulosic waste materials for optimal energy conversion. The study presented here was conducted to predict and compare the optimal kinetic parameters for pyrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass such as wood sawdust, bagasse, rice husk, etc., under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The pyrolysis was simulated over the temperature range of 500-2400 K for isothermal process and for heating rate range of 25-165 K/s under non-isothermal conditions to assess the maximum pyrolysis rate of virgin biomass in both cases. Results revealed that by increasing the temperature, the pyrolysis rate was enhanced. However, after a certain higher temperature, the pyrolysis rate was diminished which could be due to the destruction of the active sites of char. Conversely, a decrease in the optimum pyrolysis rate was noted with increasing reaction order of the virgin biomass. Although each lignocellulosic material attained its maximum pyrolysis rate at the optimum conditions of 1071 K and 31 K/s for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, respectively, but under these conditions, only wood sawdust exhibited complete thermal utilization and achieved final concentrations of 0.000154 and 0.001238 under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions, respectively.

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018

3 Biotech, 2018

The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and ce... more The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and cellulases (IL-E), with simultaneous fermentation in one vessel. The cellulase mixture () was derived from by solid-state fermentation. Choline acetate [Cho]OAc was utilized for the pretreatment due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The treated EFB and its hydrolysate were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were significant structural changes in EFB after the treatment in IL-E system. The sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis by the was increased from 0.058 g/g of EFB in the crude sample (untreated) to 0.283 and 0.62 ± 06 g/g in IL-E system after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. The EFB hydrolysate showed the eligibility for ethanol production without any supplements where ethanol yield was 0.275 g ethanol/g EFB in the presence of the IL, while lower yield obtai...

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017

The pharmaceutical industry faces a challenge to find potential solvents for drug molecules that ... more The pharmaceutical industry faces a challenge to find potential solvents for drug molecules that are sparingly soluble in water and organic solvents. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted great attention as pharmaceutical solvents owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, the solubility of the sparingly soluble drug molecule acyclovir (ACV) in a wide variety of ILs was investigated by conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) calculations. The predicted solubilities were validated by experimental measurements, and good agreement was found between the predicted and experimental results. The solubility of ACV was greatly affected by the structure of the ILs, particularly the anionic moiety. Among the various ILs tested, ACV showed excellent solubility in ammonium-based ILs with an acetate anion. In vitro cytotoxicity of ILs to the MCF-10 normal breast epithelial cell line and cancer cell lines (MDA MB 231 and MCF 7) was investigated. The ammonium-based ILs showed higher IC50 values than the imidazolium-based ILs with the acetate anion. Biodegradability results showed that diethylammonium acetate, triethylammonium acetate, and choline acetate ILs have high levels of biodegradation under aerobic conditions and can be classified as readily biodegradable. These findings will be useful for the design of IL-based drug delivery carriers that can act as versatile and efficient drug delivery systems for sparingly soluble drug molecules.

Progress and Developments in Ionic Liquids, 2017

The massive use of synthetic, petroleum-based polymeric composites has disturbed the fragile envi... more The massive use of synthetic, petroleum-based polymeric composites has disturbed the fragile environmental equilibrium of our planet. Composites made solely from polysaccharides can offer unique intrinsic properties such as renewability, biodegradability, easy availability, eco-friendliness, facile processing, flexibility, and exciting physico-mechanical characteristics. The development of green processing of lignocellulosic materials and bio-based polymers such as cellulose, starch, chitin, and chitosan, the most abundant biorenewable materials on earth, is urgent from the perspectives of both environmental protection and sustainability in materials industries. Recently, the enormous potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as an alternative to ecologically harmful conventional organic solvents has been well recognized. Presently, a wide range of pronounced approaches have been explored to further improve the performance of ionic liquid-based processing of polysaccharides for green composite manufacturing. This review presents recent technological developments in which the advantages of ionic liquids as a dissolution medium for polysaccharides for production of plethora of green composites have been gradually realized.

Molecules

Ibuprofen (Ibf) is a biologically active drug (BADs) and an emerging contaminant of concern (CECs... more Ibuprofen (Ibf) is a biologically active drug (BADs) and an emerging contaminant of concern (CECs) in aqueous streams. Due to its adverse effects upon aquatic organisms and humans, the removal and recovery of Ibf are essential. Usually, conventional solvents are employed for the separation and recovery of ibuprofen. Due to environmental limitations, alternative green extracting agents need to be explored. Ionic liquids (ILs), emerging and greener alternatives, can also serve this purpose. It is essential to explore ILs that are effective for recovering ibuprofen, among millions of ILs. The conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is an efficient tool that can be used to screen ILs specifically for ibuprofen extraction. The main objective of this work was to identify the best IL for the extraction of ibuprofen. A total of 152 different cation–anion combinations consisting of eight aromatic and non-aromatic cations and nineteen anions were screened. The evaluation w...

Molecules

In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vi... more In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM) using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross linker, and demonstrated its efficiency for the removal of two extensively used ionic dyes—methylene blue and orange-II—from aqueous systems. The detailed characterization of the synthesized poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM was performed with the help of 1H NMR, TGA, FT-IR and FE-SEM analysis. The concentration of dyes in aqueous samples before and after the adsorption process was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. The process parameters were optimised, and highest adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of 7.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.75 g/L, contact time of 7 h and dye concentrations of 100 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for methylene blue and orange-II, respectively. The adsorption kinetics for orange-II and methylene blue were well described by pseudo-first-order and pse...

The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the obstacles in the process of sug... more The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the obstacles in the process of sugar production, due to the presence of lignin that protects the cellulose molecules against cellulases. Although the pretreatment of lignocellulose in ionic liquid (IL) system has been receiving a lot of interest; however, it requires IL removal with an anti-solvent in order to proceed with the enzymatic hydrolysis. At this point, introducing a compatible cellulase enzyme seems more efficient in this process. A cellulase enzyme that was produced by Trichoderma reesei on palm kernel cake (PKC) exhibited a promising stability in several ILs. The enzyme called PKC-Cel was tested for its optimum pH and temperature as well as its molecular weight. One among evaluated ILs, 1,3-diethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate [DEMIM] DMP was applied in this study. Evaluation of six factors was executed in Stat-Ease Design Expert V.9, definitive screening design, which are IL/ buffer ratio, temperature, hyd...

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020

Micelles are formed using a CO2-philic surfactant (N-ethyl perfluorooctyl sulfonamide) and embedd... more Micelles are formed using a CO2-philic surfactant (N-ethyl perfluorooctyl sulfonamide) and embedded in in situ formed polymeric materials (SMI-ILPs) to enhance CO2 sorption.

journal of engineering science and technology, 2015

Enzyme immobilization methods are continuously being developed for a wide range of applications i... more Enzyme immobilization methods are continuously being developed for a wide range of applications including biocatalysis and biotransformation. Compared to other immobilization methods, physical entrapment into a matrix is relatively simple and inexpensive, and causes a relatively small perturbation to the native enzyme structure and function. However, significant enzyme leaching from such biocatalytic polymers is the main constraint in using them for industrial levels. This study reports an ionic liquid (IL) polymer materials incorporating enzymes that can be used as active, stable and reusable biocatalysts to overcome the limitations. Lipase was microencapsulated in surfactant aggregates formed in an IL monomer or the solution of an IL monomer/IL and then incorporated into polymer frameworks through the free radical polymerization of an IL (1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide ([veim][Tf2N]). The activity, stability and reusability of IL polymer materials co...

One conventional way to address the poor solubility of drugs in order to increase their performan... more One conventional way to address the poor solubility of drugs in order to increase their performance is to use excipients polar organic solvents. However, the use of such organic solvents has many drawbacks. They are often volatile, flammable and toxic. Pharmaceutical ingredients must be free from all such traces. So in this work, we have showed that we can use ionic liquids (ILs) as a replacement for conventional solvent in pharmaceutical industries. The solubility of Acyclovir in ILs was studied within two cations groups of ILs (Ammonium, Pyridinium) and sixteen anions using COSMOtherm-X software at room temperature and atomosphere pressure. The results showed that the solubility of Acyclovir in ammonium-based ILs is relatively higher than other studied ILs. Considering ammonium salts examined in this work, tetramethylammonium-acetate [N 1111 ][OAc], trimethylethylammonium-acetate [N 1112 ][OAc] and dimethylethylpropylammonium-acetate [N 1123 ][OAc] are excellent solvents. Due to ...

E3S Web of Conferences, 2021

Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil sp... more Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil spill. However, the toxicity related with these dispersants confined its application in marine environment. Therefore, to overcome this problem, the employment of environmentally benign dispersants is one of the effective conceivable approach. In this study, the formulation comprised of choline based ionic liquid, choline laurate ([Cho][Lau]) and a biosurfactant, lactonic sophorolipids (LS) were used as a crude oil emulsifier. The toxicity of the newly developed formulation was evaluated to confirm their safe employment in sea water. The developed formulation worked effectively as a crude oil emulsifier and formed a stable crude oil emulsion. The toxicity study against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria depicts the “practically harmless” nature of the developed formulation. Thus, the results presented in this study showed that the new formulation can potentially replace the conventional ...

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2021

Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for enzymatic conversions of... more Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for enzymatic conversions of substratesespecially substrates that are insoluble in common organic solvents and waterresulting in high conversion rates, high selectivity, and improved enzyme stability, wherein the ILs are recoverable and recyclable. Compared with performance in first-generation ILs, researchers recently considerably improved the technological utility of enzymes in second-and third-generation ILs composed of enzyme-benign cations and anions. Use of upgraded ILs with enzymes offers further improved activity and stability compared with research studies in the past decade, rendering IL-assisted biocatalytic processes more environmentally and economically attractive. This short review briefly presents recent developments of enzymatic reactions in ILs. The review covers approaches for and modifications of enzymes and ILs within the past 2 years for improved enzymes performance in ILs.

Polymers, 2021

The thermal kinetic modeling is crucial for development of sustainable processes where lignocellu... more The thermal kinetic modeling is crucial for development of sustainable processes where lignocellulosic fuels are a part of chemical system and their thermal degradation eventuates. In this paper, thermal decomposition of three lignocellulosic materials (bagasse, rice husk, and wheat straw) was obtained by the thermogravimetric (TG) technique and kinetics was analyzed by both model-fitting and isoconversional (model-free) methods to compare their effectiveness. Two models selected from each class include Arrhenius and Coats–Redfern (model-fitting), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) (model-free). The formal model-fitting approach simulating the thermal decomposition of solids by assuming a fixed mechanism was found to be unduly facile. However, activation energy (E) values calculated from two model-fitting techniques were considerably different from each other with a percentage difference in the range of 1.36% to 7.65%. Particularly, both model-fitting meth...

Polymers, 2021

Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of li... more Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG processing on lignocellulosic constituents and thermal stability of WS fiber was studied. Results imply that AAG pretreatment was superior in generating cellulose-rich fiber (CRF) as compared to other pretreatments and enhanced the cellulose contents by 90% compared to raw WS fiber. Flexural strength of acidic (40.50 MPa) and hot water treated WS composite (38.71 MPa) was higher compared to the val...

Pharmaceutics, 2020

The transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs is challenging due to of the need for a drug ... more The transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs is challenging due to of the need for a drug carrier. In the past few decades, ionic liquid (IL)-in-oil microemulsions (IL/O MEs) have been developed as potential carriers. By focusing on biocompatibility, we report on an IL/O ME that is designed to enhance the solubility and transdermal delivery of the sparingly soluble drug, acyclovir. The prepared MEs were composed of a hydrophilic IL (choline formate, choline lactate, or choline propionate) as the non-aqueous polar phase and a surface-active IL (choline oleate) as the surfactant in combination with sorbitan laurate in a continuous oil phase. The selected ILs were all biologically active ions. Optimized pseudo ternary phase diagrams indicated the MEs formed thermodynamically stable, spherically shaped, and nano-sized (<100 nm) droplets. An in vitro drug permeation study, using pig skin, showed the significantly enhanced permeation of acyclovir using the ME. A Fourier transfor...

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020

Developing a universal drug delivery vehicle of sparingly soluble drugs 26 remains a challenge, w... more Developing a universal drug delivery vehicle of sparingly soluble drugs 26 remains a challenge, with surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL)-based ionic liquid-in-oil (IL/O) 27 microemulsions (MEs) being the most suitable vehicles. In this study, a series of SAILs were formulated to prepare novel IL/O MEs composed of SAIL, sorbitan laurate (Span-20) and 29 isopropyl myristate. Based on the constructed pseudo-ternary diagrams, the SAILs played 30 vital surfactant roles with Span-20 acting as a co-surfactant. Excellent drug solubility of MEs 31 prepared with a ratio of 2:1 (SAIL[Cho][Ole]: Span-20) was observed. Examination of the 32 droplet shape, size and size distribution of the MEs revealed well-distributed particle sizes of 33 6.5 to 21.2 nm that formed spherical micelles with the IL 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl 34 phosphate at the core of the MEs. The MEs showed excellent solubility of sparingly soluble 35 drugs (i.e., celecoxib, acyclovir, methotrexate and dantrolene sodium). In vitro cytotoxicity of 36 the new carrier using a three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis model revealed that 37 cell viability of SAIL-based MEs (94%) was similar when compared with conventional 38 Tween-80 based MEs (96%) at the same IL concentration (4%). The results indicate that the 39 SAIL surfactant in the MEs represents a potential alternative to conventional surfactants for 40 solubilizing insoluble drug molecules.

Makara Journal of Technology, 2020

Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity assoc... more Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity associated with it reduce its employment in marine environment. To overcome this limitation, the acute toxicity of choline based ionic liquids was evaluated as a potential low toxic variant for oil spill remediation. Further, the aggregation behavior of the individual as well as their binary mixtures was also evaluated by employing tensiometry technique. The half-lethal concentration, LC 50 on zebrafish (Danio rerio) of three choline based ionic liquids showed that the studied ionic liquids (ILs) fall in the range of "practically nontoxic" (100-1000 mg L-1).Various micellar properties showed that a synergistic interaction existed between all the binary mixtures (β < 0, f 1 and f 2 <1). Moreover, the produced micelles were found to be spontaneous and thermodynamically stable with respect to all the mole ratio of ILs. Overall, these results showed the safe nature of the studied ILs for various application including oil dispersants.

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2017

Ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment has emerged as the promising technology toward environmentally b... more Ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment has emerged as the promising technology toward environmentally benign conversion of lignocellulosic residues into high value cellulosic fiber as sustainable raw material for biocomposite manufacturing. In this work, the impact of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([emim] [dep]) pretreatment of oil palm frond (OPF) on the flexural properties of the composite board has been reported. Ionic liquid pretreatment of OPF fiber under high solids loading (IL/biomass ratio = 1.0) was conducted prior to compounding with thermoplastic starch which was used as binder polymer. Effect of IL pretreatment on OPF fiber was assessed by employing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique. IL treated composite board was found to exhibit superior flexural properties than that of untreated board. Flexural strength was increased from 10 MPa for untreated composite to 12.75 MPa for composites fabricated from IL treated OPF particles. The obtained results evidenced that the IL pretreatment could be a promising, cost-efficient and benign approach for conversion of agricultural waste into high value engineered composite panels. The study plainly demonstrates that IL based pretreatment could be a green technology for effective utilization of lignocellulosic waste biomass in the biocomposite manufacturing.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts at ambient or lower temperatures and consist of ions and sho... more Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts at ambient or lower temperatures and consist of ions and short-lived ion pairs. They are potential alternatives to toxic, hazardous, highly flammable, and volatile solvents for preparing solutions, dispersions, gels, composites, and polymeric melts. ILs have some very interesting and unique characteristics like good chemical and thermal stability and very low vapor pressures. They have good solvation interactions with a wide range of organic, inorganic, and polymeric compounds. They can enhance colloidal stability and the elasticity range of polymers. ILs are environmental friendly, easily recyclable, and structurally similar to the conventional solvents. For optimal performance, it is necessary to fully understand the rheological properties of ILs and their different systems for academic interests such as understanding the ability of ILs as processing aids particularly in film casting, fiber spinning and spraying, comprehension of thermodynamics and dynamics of polymer chains in ILs, analyzing the hydrodynamic volume of dispersed polymer, polymer−ILs interactions, characterizing the viscoelastic properties and nanophase−ILs interactions in nanocomposite systems, analyzing the plasticization efficiency, and the final properties of the composite system. The rheological analysis is also important for industrial purposes particularly for designing processing techniques and suitable operating conditions for IL based systems. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the rheological properties of pure ionic liquids and solutions, dispersions, gels, composites, and melts based on ionic liquids.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018

A primitive element for the development of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the study of therma... more A primitive element for the development of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the study of thermal degradation kinetics of lignocellulosic waste materials for optimal energy conversion. The study presented here was conducted to predict and compare the optimal kinetic parameters for pyrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass such as wood sawdust, bagasse, rice husk, etc., under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The pyrolysis was simulated over the temperature range of 500-2400 K for isothermal process and for heating rate range of 25-165 K/s under non-isothermal conditions to assess the maximum pyrolysis rate of virgin biomass in both cases. Results revealed that by increasing the temperature, the pyrolysis rate was enhanced. However, after a certain higher temperature, the pyrolysis rate was diminished which could be due to the destruction of the active sites of char. Conversely, a decrease in the optimum pyrolysis rate was noted with increasing reaction order of the virgin biomass. Although each lignocellulosic material attained its maximum pyrolysis rate at the optimum conditions of 1071 K and 31 K/s for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, respectively, but under these conditions, only wood sawdust exhibited complete thermal utilization and achieved final concentrations of 0.000154 and 0.001238 under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions, respectively.

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018

3 Biotech, 2018

The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and ce... more The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and cellulases (IL-E), with simultaneous fermentation in one vessel. The cellulase mixture () was derived from by solid-state fermentation. Choline acetate [Cho]OAc was utilized for the pretreatment due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The treated EFB and its hydrolysate were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were significant structural changes in EFB after the treatment in IL-E system. The sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis by the was increased from 0.058 g/g of EFB in the crude sample (untreated) to 0.283 and 0.62 ± 06 g/g in IL-E system after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. The EFB hydrolysate showed the eligibility for ethanol production without any supplements where ethanol yield was 0.275 g ethanol/g EFB in the presence of the IL, while lower yield obtai...

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017

The pharmaceutical industry faces a challenge to find potential solvents for drug molecules that ... more The pharmaceutical industry faces a challenge to find potential solvents for drug molecules that are sparingly soluble in water and organic solvents. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted great attention as pharmaceutical solvents owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, the solubility of the sparingly soluble drug molecule acyclovir (ACV) in a wide variety of ILs was investigated by conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) calculations. The predicted solubilities were validated by experimental measurements, and good agreement was found between the predicted and experimental results. The solubility of ACV was greatly affected by the structure of the ILs, particularly the anionic moiety. Among the various ILs tested, ACV showed excellent solubility in ammonium-based ILs with an acetate anion. In vitro cytotoxicity of ILs to the MCF-10 normal breast epithelial cell line and cancer cell lines (MDA MB 231 and MCF 7) was investigated. The ammonium-based ILs showed higher IC50 values than the imidazolium-based ILs with the acetate anion. Biodegradability results showed that diethylammonium acetate, triethylammonium acetate, and choline acetate ILs have high levels of biodegradation under aerobic conditions and can be classified as readily biodegradable. These findings will be useful for the design of IL-based drug delivery carriers that can act as versatile and efficient drug delivery systems for sparingly soluble drug molecules.

Progress and Developments in Ionic Liquids, 2017

The massive use of synthetic, petroleum-based polymeric composites has disturbed the fragile envi... more The massive use of synthetic, petroleum-based polymeric composites has disturbed the fragile environmental equilibrium of our planet. Composites made solely from polysaccharides can offer unique intrinsic properties such as renewability, biodegradability, easy availability, eco-friendliness, facile processing, flexibility, and exciting physico-mechanical characteristics. The development of green processing of lignocellulosic materials and bio-based polymers such as cellulose, starch, chitin, and chitosan, the most abundant biorenewable materials on earth, is urgent from the perspectives of both environmental protection and sustainability in materials industries. Recently, the enormous potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as an alternative to ecologically harmful conventional organic solvents has been well recognized. Presently, a wide range of pronounced approaches have been explored to further improve the performance of ionic liquid-based processing of polysaccharides for green composite manufacturing. This review presents recent technological developments in which the advantages of ionic liquids as a dissolution medium for polysaccharides for production of plethora of green composites have been gradually realized.