Muhammad Waqar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Waqar

International Journal of Computer Applications

To connect the semantic space between various related ontologies, computer scientists and special... more To connect the semantic space between various related ontologies, computer scientists and specialists in the field of Semantic Web have suggested and executed different ontology matching systems. In any case, these strategies have a great space for improvement and continuous research should be done to get better results in terms of precision, recall and F-measure for the purpose of aligning ontologies. This work analysed various string similarity metrics for the task of ontology alignment whose definitions are taken from two libraries that are Alignment API and secondstring library. These metrics are used to align different ontologies provided with Alignment API package and then evaluated the performance of these metrics with regard to precision, recall and F-measure. Further, different ontology alignment systems are studied which used string similarity metrics in combination of structural similarity metrics and linguistic similarity metrics. The role of string similarity metrics is analysed and found that Jaccard in combination with TF/IDF similarity metric works good as well as ngram also works better.

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014

Escherichia coli are Gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It constitute about 0.1% of n... more Escherichia coli are Gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It constitute about 0.1% of normal gut flora of Human and is commonly found in lower intestine. In this study we have determined the frequency of carbapenems resistance in Escherichia coli in different clinical isolates by simply disk diffusion method. This study was conducted from 26th January 2010 to 29th December 2011, in Ziauddin university hospital Karachi Pakistan. Sum of 2710 consecutive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were collected and identified by conventional microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and all ESBL positive bacteria antibiotic susceptibility pattern to meropenem (10 ug), and imipenem (Becton Dickinson, USA) (10 ug) was recorded for this study. By Kirby-Bauer method, as per NCCLS guidelines, isolates were considered as resistant to carbapenems. A total 2710 isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained during the study period. The isolates from females patients were 1716/2710 (63.32%), while the isolates from male patients were 994/2710 (36.68%). Female to Male ratio was 1.73:1. In these total isolates the number of Carbapenems resistant Escherichia coli is 13 which is 0.48%.The emergence of metallo-beta lactamases producing Escherichia coli which are resistant to carbapenems are becoming a severe therapeutic problem worldwide. There is strongly need to emphasize on the rational and judicious use of antimicrobials and adhere to the concept of "reserve drugs" to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials. In addition, more effective infection control measures and regular antimicrobial susceptibility is also an essential component in reducing the emergence of these resistant organisms and should be prompted.

• The data provided in this paper provides can be used for efficient monitoring and control of th... more • The data provided in this paper provides can be used for efficient monitoring and control of the power generation and distribution processes in the smart grid. • The data provided in this paper can be used for the integration of distributed power generation sources into the power transmission and distribution systems within realistic network scenarios. • It can also support reliable and dynamic data capacity requirements of different types of advanced cyber-physical systems equipped with sensors and devices to operate them optimally, either manual or automatic controls, and provide information about their operations to the utilities. • In case of faults, the designed scheme intelligently monitoring and identifies the faulty systems located in a remote position and notifies the user in real-time, so that appropriate actions can be taken to supply steady electricity to the customers.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of Tuberculosis (TB) among the lo... more ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of Tuberculosis (TB) among the local population of district Dir (Lower). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan visited to health care center.An epidemiological descriptive study was design. The study was carried out during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. The data was collected from the local TB center and Hospitals located in different area of district Dir (L). Total 1385 entries were recorded officially in which 510 (36.82%) are positive and 875 (63.18%) are negative. The registered cases for TB were categorized by sex wise, age wise and area wise. Where the area is concern the high TB patients were reported from Shamshi Khan (56.25%) while the lowest cases of TB were recorded in Chakdara (22.56%). The occurrence of TB is high in female population 280 (54.9%) as compare to male population 230 (45.1%) of district Dir (L). It has been found that the register cases of TB are high among the population between >10 to 30 years 237 (46.47%). From the present study it was concluded that the TB is still prevalent in district Dir (L) and affect the most productive and economically age group of district Dir (L). For the control of TB the case detection, treatment and proper management is essential. In case of any outbreak of TB in district Dir (L) the present study will be of great epidemiological significance.

IEEE Access, 2021

This paper shows that an intermittent AC coupling defect occurring in a DDR4 data channel will ca... more This paper shows that an intermittent AC coupling defect occurring in a DDR4 data channel will cause more intermittent errors in DDR4, compared to such defect in DDR3. The intermittent AC coupling defect occurs due to intermittent fracture in DDR4 package solder ball. The defect causes DC offset in DDR4, which shifts the data signal or data eye and results in DDR4 data channel failure. The DC offset occurs due to the asymmetric nature of pseudo open drain termination scheme. DDR4 data channel response is compared with DDR3 channel. It is shown that pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) pattern will always cause failure for DDR4, but PRBS will only cause failure in DDR3 if the sequence of consecutive 0's or 1's in PRBS pattern is long enough to cause threshold violation. As a result there will be more intermittent errors in DDR4 compared to DDR3. The defect due to fracture in solder ball is modelled by an AC coupling capacitor. A 1nF AC coupling capacitor corresponding to a solder ball fracture of height about 1nm is used to show the difference between DDR4 and DDR3 response. INDEX TERMS AC coupling defect, AC coupling capacitor, DC offset, DDR4, DDR3, data channel failure, FBGA solder ball fracture, intermittent defect, pseudo open drain termination.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2021

The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute resp... more The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China in December 2019 and later spread to almost all parts of the world in four months and declared as a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has infected 15.8 million people worldwide while 641,000 died of it. This study aims to report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan. Of total of 635 samples of symptomatic individuals processed at Genome Center for Molecular Based Diagnostics and Research Pakistan, 313 (49.3%) were found SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The study also confirmed more seroprevalence in elderly patients (>80 years) and children less than 13 years.

Microelectronics Reliability, 2020

This paper proposes a new method of investigating the effect of void or fracture in FBGA solder b... more This paper proposes a new method of investigating the effect of void or fracture in FBGA solder ball on the DDR4 data signal rise time and inter-symbol interference (ISI), by loading the data line with a capacitor. A void or fracture in solder ball increases its capacitance which effects the data signal rise time and increases ISI. For measuring ISI large consecutive patterns of 1's or 0's followed by a changing bit are used. However in in-field systems it is not possible to run large patterns of 1's or 0's. So the data line is loaded with a 0.2 pF capacitive load on a UDIMM test card to mimic the increased capacitance due to FBGA solder ball void defect of height 0.2 mm and cross sectional area of 0.0045 mm 2. The loaded line shows increase in rise time of 16 ps. For loaded line the data eye opening is 0.077 UI lesser. This decrease in data eye means more ISI and will cause increase in intermittent errors.

Sustainability, 2020

In this piece of research, we have presented an approach to populate Failure Mode and Effect Anal... more In this piece of research, we have presented an approach to populate Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ontology from existing worksheets prepared by experts. FMEA is a commonly used method for risk assessment in any organization. This method is initiated by domain experts who analyze all the associated risks to a product or process, their causes, severity, effects and mitigation actions. Besides domain experts, time and cost are the other two factors involved in successful completion of FMEA. Reusability of the knowledge produced at the end of this method can bring numerous benefits to an organization. Some ontologies are available for semantic content management of FMEA knowledge but in order to avail their full benefits, it is must that they can acquire the existing knowledge automatically. Major objective of this article is to develop an algorithm, which can populate FMEA ontology from existing worksheets. Major contribution of this work is to identify an existing FMEA onto...

Cureus, 2020

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes among open pyelopl... more The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes among open pyeloplasty (OP) and laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) patients. Materials and methods This was a prospective single centre, case-cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 62 patients. In both techniques, dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty were undertaken. Post-operatively patients underwent visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment for pain, days to ambulation and comparison of the short-and long-term outcomes of the two procedures. Results There was no difference in the physical and functional outcomes between the two surgical approaches at 12 months period after surgery. However, patients in the laparoscopic group did report a higher rate of satisfaction at six weeks and six months' postoperatively. Likewise, patients in LP experienced less pain during the postoperative period (p-value <0.001), with decreased analgesic requirements. This translated into an early patient ambulation in the laparoscopic group (p-value <0.001), and a shorter hospital stay for the LP group (p-value <0.001). Moreover, follow-up ultrasound showed equal improvement of hydronephrosis among the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty are equally effective in treating pelvic ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO), with comparable patient-reported outcomes at 12-month follow-up. However, the laparoscopic technique merits over open surgery with faster rehabilitation, a decreased postoperative pain experience and shorter hospital stay.

Future Virology, 2018

Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs glucose metabolism and interferes with insulin-signaling pat... more Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs glucose metabolism and interferes with insulin-signaling pathways. About a third of HCV-infected patients develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several evidences correlated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) based treatment of HCV infection with improved glycemic control. Patients & methods: Disturbance in glucose metabolism of two different HCV patients receiving DAA drugs was noticed. Results: We observed the first evidence of abrupt onset of diabetes and poor glycemic control in two different obese patients respectively, following successful treatment of HCV with sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Conclusion: This case is an evidence of potential glucose intolerance in HCV patients receiving DAA drugs. It further suggests the need for regular screening of patient during DAA therapy for early detection of diabetes or poor glycemic control.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, Jan 7, 2018

To determine the genotypic distribution of HCV, frequency of risk factors involved in its transmi... more To determine the genotypic distribution of HCV, frequency of risk factors involved in its transmission, and correlation of genotype with viral load in Mardan population which is the second largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Blood samples of 1140 were collected from different regions of Mardan and major proportion of recruited patients were internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees, and slum dwellers. Complete patient's history was analyzed to assess the possible risks involved in HCV transmission. Viral genotype was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) whereas, HCV RNA was measured by qRT-PCR. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Our results indicate 3a as the most abundant subtype in Mardan population followed by 3b, 2a, 2b, 4a, untypeable, mixed, 1a, and 1b. In contrast to previous findings, genotype 1 was the least prevalent genotype and the overall prevalence of HCV in Mardan population was significantly higher in females (n = 687, ...

2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), 2016

Tracking users' posting activities in online classified ads and understanding the dynamics of... more Tracking users' posting activities in online classified ads and understanding the dynamics of their behavior is a topic of great importance with many implications. However, some of the underlying problems associated with modeling users and detecting their behavioral changes due to temporal and spatial variations have not been well-studied. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic model of user behavior based on the ads the user posts and the categories in which the ads are posted. The model can track some of the temporal changes in behavior, as revealed by our experiments on two classes of users monitored over a period of almost a year. We study the association between post categories and user groups, and show how temporal and seasonal changes can be detected. We further investigate a generative model for ad posts, based on user locations, and provide some evidence showing that the model is promising and that some interesting relationships can be identified.

The present study demonstrate the prevalence of active Hepatitis C viral infection and identifica... more The present study demonstrate the prevalence of active Hepatitis C viral infection and identification of its common genotypes circulating in district Mardan. A total of 582 patients were enrolled in this study in which 267 were male and 315 were female. Out of 582 samples, 329 were found HCV RNA positive through real-time PCR. The rates of active HCV infection were 59.9% in male while 53.6% in female. Age group above 60 were found with high rate of HCV infection, that is 80%. Out of 329 samples. Further a sum of 220 PCR based HCV RNA positive samples were screened for identification of HCV genotypes. Out of 220 positive samples Genotype 3a was found in 68.1%, 1a in 11.3%, 1b in 4.5%, Mixed-genotype in 4% and 3b in 2.7% while Untypable genotype in 9.5%. It was concluded from the present study that occurrence of active HCV infection rate were high in District Mardan and 3a was the most common genotype present in District Mardan.

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014

Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in Pakistan like other developing countries. HBV inf... more Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in Pakistan like other developing countries. HBV infection is a more contagious disease than HCV and HIV infection. The aim of the current study is to compare seroprevalence of HBV infection in outpatients who attended a district headquarter hospital of district Mardan, Pakistan. A total number of 270 patients were selected for this research work. Serum of patients were tested by HBsAg and ICT strip method and those found positive were sent to GCMBDR to confirmed for HBV DNA by Real Time PCR. Out of the total 270 screened patients, HBV DNA was confirmed in 94(34.81%) patients using Real Time PCR of which 56(59.6%) were male while 38(40.4%) were female outpatients. All the positive patients were divided into three categories on the bases of viral load categories such as low (<100000 IU/ml), intermediate (100,000-10,000,000 IU/ml) and high viral load (>10,000,000 IU/ml). On the bases of these categories 50 %(n=47) patients were found with low viral load, 33 %(n=31) with intermediate and 17 %(n=16) were found having high viral load. Female patients were slightly more susceptible to HBV infection compared to male patients. The highest HBV infection seroprevalence was found in patients of 21-40 age group. Majority of the sick subjects were however seen with low viral titers.

Social Network Analysis and Mining, 2014

We study the problem of predicting the political preference of users on the Twitter network, show... more We study the problem of predicting the political preference of users on the Twitter network, showing that the political preference of users can be predicted from their interaction with political parties. We show this by building prediction models based on a variety of contextual and behavioural features, training the models by resorting to a distant supervision approach and considering party candidates to have a predefined preference towards their parties. A language model for each party is learned from the content of the tweets by the party candidates, and the preference of a user is assessed based on the alignment of user tweets with the language models of the parties. We evaluate our work in the context of Alberta 2012 general election, and show that our model outperforms, in terms of the F-measure, sentiment and text classification approaches and is in par with the human annotators. We further use our model to analyze the preference changes over the course of the election campaign and report results that would be difficult to attain by human annotators.

IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014

Strategically positioned Balochistan, its colossal resources, and a very vast area have increased... more Strategically positioned Balochistan, its colossal resources, and a very vast area have increased its significance in the global affairs. The external powers are taking immense interest in its massive resources, strategic location and most importantly being the most easily accessible pathway to the enormous resources of Central Asian States. It got more significance first, after soviet incursion of Afghanistan and second after US attack against Taliban in Afghanistan. From the very scratch, the misunderstanding emerged between the Pakistani State and Baloch people. The state alienation toward Balochistan has worsened the situation in province particularly regarding the economic and social benefits of Baloch people which resulted in blood uprising in the province. The insurgency has been the main hurdle in the utilization of its gigantic resources to benefit the populace of Pakistan and particularly the Baloch people. The discontinuity of the democratic process and the interruption by the military at regular intervals has aggravated the wounds of Baloch people more than the rest of its countrymen, especially during Musharraf regime. The contemporary insurgency is tougher and different than the previous ones in a sense that situation has changed globally and international actors are more fascinated by this vital part of South Asia.

Virology Journal, 2011

Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus ... more Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) because this is sub satellite virus which depends on and propagate only in the presence of HBV. HDV causes co-infection or super infection with sever complication as compared to only HBV infection. No study on molecular level on HDV is available from this region; therefore, the aim of this study was to found out the molecular epidemiology of HDV (as a co-infection with HBV) in different geographical regions of Pakistan. Total 228 HBsAg positive samples were received for the study from different geographical regions of the country. Only HBV DNA PCR positive samples were further utilized for the presence of HDV RNA. For this purpose, HDV RNA and HBV DNA was extracted and amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR and real-time PCR. Out of the total 228 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA was detected in total 190 (83.3%) samples belonged to diffe...

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an innovative autonomous carrier landing system (A... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an innovative autonomous carrier landing system (ACLS) using novel robust adaptive preview control (RAPC) method, which can assure safe and successful autonomous carrier landing under the influence of airwake disturbance and irregular deck motion. To design a deck motion predictor based on an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which predicts the touchdown point, very precisely. Design/methodology/approach An ACLS is comprising a UKF based deck motion predictor, a previewable glide path module and a control system. The previewable information is augmented with the system and then latitude and longitudinal controllers are designed based on the preview control scheme, in which the robust adaptive feedback and feedforward gain’s laws are obtained through Lyapunov stability theorem and linear matrix inequality approach, guarantying the closed-loop system’s asymptotic stability. Findings The autonomous carrier landing problem is solved by proposi...

International Journal of Computer Applications

To connect the semantic space between various related ontologies, computer scientists and special... more To connect the semantic space between various related ontologies, computer scientists and specialists in the field of Semantic Web have suggested and executed different ontology matching systems. In any case, these strategies have a great space for improvement and continuous research should be done to get better results in terms of precision, recall and F-measure for the purpose of aligning ontologies. This work analysed various string similarity metrics for the task of ontology alignment whose definitions are taken from two libraries that are Alignment API and secondstring library. These metrics are used to align different ontologies provided with Alignment API package and then evaluated the performance of these metrics with regard to precision, recall and F-measure. Further, different ontology alignment systems are studied which used string similarity metrics in combination of structural similarity metrics and linguistic similarity metrics. The role of string similarity metrics is analysed and found that Jaccard in combination with TF/IDF similarity metric works good as well as ngram also works better.

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014

Escherichia coli are Gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It constitute about 0.1% of n... more Escherichia coli are Gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It constitute about 0.1% of normal gut flora of Human and is commonly found in lower intestine. In this study we have determined the frequency of carbapenems resistance in Escherichia coli in different clinical isolates by simply disk diffusion method. This study was conducted from 26th January 2010 to 29th December 2011, in Ziauddin university hospital Karachi Pakistan. Sum of 2710 consecutive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were collected and identified by conventional microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and all ESBL positive bacteria antibiotic susceptibility pattern to meropenem (10 ug), and imipenem (Becton Dickinson, USA) (10 ug) was recorded for this study. By Kirby-Bauer method, as per NCCLS guidelines, isolates were considered as resistant to carbapenems. A total 2710 isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained during the study period. The isolates from females patients were 1716/2710 (63.32%), while the isolates from male patients were 994/2710 (36.68%). Female to Male ratio was 1.73:1. In these total isolates the number of Carbapenems resistant Escherichia coli is 13 which is 0.48%.The emergence of metallo-beta lactamases producing Escherichia coli which are resistant to carbapenems are becoming a severe therapeutic problem worldwide. There is strongly need to emphasize on the rational and judicious use of antimicrobials and adhere to the concept of "reserve drugs" to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials. In addition, more effective infection control measures and regular antimicrobial susceptibility is also an essential component in reducing the emergence of these resistant organisms and should be prompted.

• The data provided in this paper provides can be used for efficient monitoring and control of th... more • The data provided in this paper provides can be used for efficient monitoring and control of the power generation and distribution processes in the smart grid. • The data provided in this paper can be used for the integration of distributed power generation sources into the power transmission and distribution systems within realistic network scenarios. • It can also support reliable and dynamic data capacity requirements of different types of advanced cyber-physical systems equipped with sensors and devices to operate them optimally, either manual or automatic controls, and provide information about their operations to the utilities. • In case of faults, the designed scheme intelligently monitoring and identifies the faulty systems located in a remote position and notifies the user in real-time, so that appropriate actions can be taken to supply steady electricity to the customers.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of Tuberculosis (TB) among the lo... more ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of Tuberculosis (TB) among the local population of district Dir (Lower). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan visited to health care center.An epidemiological descriptive study was design. The study was carried out during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. The data was collected from the local TB center and Hospitals located in different area of district Dir (L). Total 1385 entries were recorded officially in which 510 (36.82%) are positive and 875 (63.18%) are negative. The registered cases for TB were categorized by sex wise, age wise and area wise. Where the area is concern the high TB patients were reported from Shamshi Khan (56.25%) while the lowest cases of TB were recorded in Chakdara (22.56%). The occurrence of TB is high in female population 280 (54.9%) as compare to male population 230 (45.1%) of district Dir (L). It has been found that the register cases of TB are high among the population between &gt;10 to 30 years 237 (46.47%). From the present study it was concluded that the TB is still prevalent in district Dir (L) and affect the most productive and economically age group of district Dir (L). For the control of TB the case detection, treatment and proper management is essential. In case of any outbreak of TB in district Dir (L) the present study will be of great epidemiological significance.

IEEE Access, 2021

This paper shows that an intermittent AC coupling defect occurring in a DDR4 data channel will ca... more This paper shows that an intermittent AC coupling defect occurring in a DDR4 data channel will cause more intermittent errors in DDR4, compared to such defect in DDR3. The intermittent AC coupling defect occurs due to intermittent fracture in DDR4 package solder ball. The defect causes DC offset in DDR4, which shifts the data signal or data eye and results in DDR4 data channel failure. The DC offset occurs due to the asymmetric nature of pseudo open drain termination scheme. DDR4 data channel response is compared with DDR3 channel. It is shown that pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) pattern will always cause failure for DDR4, but PRBS will only cause failure in DDR3 if the sequence of consecutive 0's or 1's in PRBS pattern is long enough to cause threshold violation. As a result there will be more intermittent errors in DDR4 compared to DDR3. The defect due to fracture in solder ball is modelled by an AC coupling capacitor. A 1nF AC coupling capacitor corresponding to a solder ball fracture of height about 1nm is used to show the difference between DDR4 and DDR3 response. INDEX TERMS AC coupling defect, AC coupling capacitor, DC offset, DDR4, DDR3, data channel failure, FBGA solder ball fracture, intermittent defect, pseudo open drain termination.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2021

The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute resp... more The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China in December 2019 and later spread to almost all parts of the world in four months and declared as a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has infected 15.8 million people worldwide while 641,000 died of it. This study aims to report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan. Of total of 635 samples of symptomatic individuals processed at Genome Center for Molecular Based Diagnostics and Research Pakistan, 313 (49.3%) were found SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The study also confirmed more seroprevalence in elderly patients (>80 years) and children less than 13 years.

Microelectronics Reliability, 2020

This paper proposes a new method of investigating the effect of void or fracture in FBGA solder b... more This paper proposes a new method of investigating the effect of void or fracture in FBGA solder ball on the DDR4 data signal rise time and inter-symbol interference (ISI), by loading the data line with a capacitor. A void or fracture in solder ball increases its capacitance which effects the data signal rise time and increases ISI. For measuring ISI large consecutive patterns of 1's or 0's followed by a changing bit are used. However in in-field systems it is not possible to run large patterns of 1's or 0's. So the data line is loaded with a 0.2 pF capacitive load on a UDIMM test card to mimic the increased capacitance due to FBGA solder ball void defect of height 0.2 mm and cross sectional area of 0.0045 mm 2. The loaded line shows increase in rise time of 16 ps. For loaded line the data eye opening is 0.077 UI lesser. This decrease in data eye means more ISI and will cause increase in intermittent errors.

Sustainability, 2020

In this piece of research, we have presented an approach to populate Failure Mode and Effect Anal... more In this piece of research, we have presented an approach to populate Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ontology from existing worksheets prepared by experts. FMEA is a commonly used method for risk assessment in any organization. This method is initiated by domain experts who analyze all the associated risks to a product or process, their causes, severity, effects and mitigation actions. Besides domain experts, time and cost are the other two factors involved in successful completion of FMEA. Reusability of the knowledge produced at the end of this method can bring numerous benefits to an organization. Some ontologies are available for semantic content management of FMEA knowledge but in order to avail their full benefits, it is must that they can acquire the existing knowledge automatically. Major objective of this article is to develop an algorithm, which can populate FMEA ontology from existing worksheets. Major contribution of this work is to identify an existing FMEA onto...

Cureus, 2020

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes among open pyelopl... more The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes among open pyeloplasty (OP) and laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) patients. Materials and methods This was a prospective single centre, case-cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 62 patients. In both techniques, dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty were undertaken. Post-operatively patients underwent visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment for pain, days to ambulation and comparison of the short-and long-term outcomes of the two procedures. Results There was no difference in the physical and functional outcomes between the two surgical approaches at 12 months period after surgery. However, patients in the laparoscopic group did report a higher rate of satisfaction at six weeks and six months' postoperatively. Likewise, patients in LP experienced less pain during the postoperative period (p-value <0.001), with decreased analgesic requirements. This translated into an early patient ambulation in the laparoscopic group (p-value <0.001), and a shorter hospital stay for the LP group (p-value <0.001). Moreover, follow-up ultrasound showed equal improvement of hydronephrosis among the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty are equally effective in treating pelvic ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO), with comparable patient-reported outcomes at 12-month follow-up. However, the laparoscopic technique merits over open surgery with faster rehabilitation, a decreased postoperative pain experience and shorter hospital stay.

Future Virology, 2018

Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs glucose metabolism and interferes with insulin-signaling pat... more Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs glucose metabolism and interferes with insulin-signaling pathways. About a third of HCV-infected patients develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several evidences correlated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) based treatment of HCV infection with improved glycemic control. Patients & methods: Disturbance in glucose metabolism of two different HCV patients receiving DAA drugs was noticed. Results: We observed the first evidence of abrupt onset of diabetes and poor glycemic control in two different obese patients respectively, following successful treatment of HCV with sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Conclusion: This case is an evidence of potential glucose intolerance in HCV patients receiving DAA drugs. It further suggests the need for regular screening of patient during DAA therapy for early detection of diabetes or poor glycemic control.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, Jan 7, 2018

To determine the genotypic distribution of HCV, frequency of risk factors involved in its transmi... more To determine the genotypic distribution of HCV, frequency of risk factors involved in its transmission, and correlation of genotype with viral load in Mardan population which is the second largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Blood samples of 1140 were collected from different regions of Mardan and major proportion of recruited patients were internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees, and slum dwellers. Complete patient's history was analyzed to assess the possible risks involved in HCV transmission. Viral genotype was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) whereas, HCV RNA was measured by qRT-PCR. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Our results indicate 3a as the most abundant subtype in Mardan population followed by 3b, 2a, 2b, 4a, untypeable, mixed, 1a, and 1b. In contrast to previous findings, genotype 1 was the least prevalent genotype and the overall prevalence of HCV in Mardan population was significantly higher in females (n = 687, ...

2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), 2016

Tracking users' posting activities in online classified ads and understanding the dynamics of... more Tracking users' posting activities in online classified ads and understanding the dynamics of their behavior is a topic of great importance with many implications. However, some of the underlying problems associated with modeling users and detecting their behavioral changes due to temporal and spatial variations have not been well-studied. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic model of user behavior based on the ads the user posts and the categories in which the ads are posted. The model can track some of the temporal changes in behavior, as revealed by our experiments on two classes of users monitored over a period of almost a year. We study the association between post categories and user groups, and show how temporal and seasonal changes can be detected. We further investigate a generative model for ad posts, based on user locations, and provide some evidence showing that the model is promising and that some interesting relationships can be identified.

The present study demonstrate the prevalence of active Hepatitis C viral infection and identifica... more The present study demonstrate the prevalence of active Hepatitis C viral infection and identification of its common genotypes circulating in district Mardan. A total of 582 patients were enrolled in this study in which 267 were male and 315 were female. Out of 582 samples, 329 were found HCV RNA positive through real-time PCR. The rates of active HCV infection were 59.9% in male while 53.6% in female. Age group above 60 were found with high rate of HCV infection, that is 80%. Out of 329 samples. Further a sum of 220 PCR based HCV RNA positive samples were screened for identification of HCV genotypes. Out of 220 positive samples Genotype 3a was found in 68.1%, 1a in 11.3%, 1b in 4.5%, Mixed-genotype in 4% and 3b in 2.7% while Untypable genotype in 9.5%. It was concluded from the present study that occurrence of active HCV infection rate were high in District Mardan and 3a was the most common genotype present in District Mardan.

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014

Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in Pakistan like other developing countries. HBV inf... more Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in Pakistan like other developing countries. HBV infection is a more contagious disease than HCV and HIV infection. The aim of the current study is to compare seroprevalence of HBV infection in outpatients who attended a district headquarter hospital of district Mardan, Pakistan. A total number of 270 patients were selected for this research work. Serum of patients were tested by HBsAg and ICT strip method and those found positive were sent to GCMBDR to confirmed for HBV DNA by Real Time PCR. Out of the total 270 screened patients, HBV DNA was confirmed in 94(34.81%) patients using Real Time PCR of which 56(59.6%) were male while 38(40.4%) were female outpatients. All the positive patients were divided into three categories on the bases of viral load categories such as low (<100000 IU/ml), intermediate (100,000-10,000,000 IU/ml) and high viral load (>10,000,000 IU/ml). On the bases of these categories 50 %(n=47) patients were found with low viral load, 33 %(n=31) with intermediate and 17 %(n=16) were found having high viral load. Female patients were slightly more susceptible to HBV infection compared to male patients. The highest HBV infection seroprevalence was found in patients of 21-40 age group. Majority of the sick subjects were however seen with low viral titers.

Social Network Analysis and Mining, 2014

We study the problem of predicting the political preference of users on the Twitter network, show... more We study the problem of predicting the political preference of users on the Twitter network, showing that the political preference of users can be predicted from their interaction with political parties. We show this by building prediction models based on a variety of contextual and behavioural features, training the models by resorting to a distant supervision approach and considering party candidates to have a predefined preference towards their parties. A language model for each party is learned from the content of the tweets by the party candidates, and the preference of a user is assessed based on the alignment of user tweets with the language models of the parties. We evaluate our work in the context of Alberta 2012 general election, and show that our model outperforms, in terms of the F-measure, sentiment and text classification approaches and is in par with the human annotators. We further use our model to analyze the preference changes over the course of the election campaign and report results that would be difficult to attain by human annotators.

IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014

Strategically positioned Balochistan, its colossal resources, and a very vast area have increased... more Strategically positioned Balochistan, its colossal resources, and a very vast area have increased its significance in the global affairs. The external powers are taking immense interest in its massive resources, strategic location and most importantly being the most easily accessible pathway to the enormous resources of Central Asian States. It got more significance first, after soviet incursion of Afghanistan and second after US attack against Taliban in Afghanistan. From the very scratch, the misunderstanding emerged between the Pakistani State and Baloch people. The state alienation toward Balochistan has worsened the situation in province particularly regarding the economic and social benefits of Baloch people which resulted in blood uprising in the province. The insurgency has been the main hurdle in the utilization of its gigantic resources to benefit the populace of Pakistan and particularly the Baloch people. The discontinuity of the democratic process and the interruption by the military at regular intervals has aggravated the wounds of Baloch people more than the rest of its countrymen, especially during Musharraf regime. The contemporary insurgency is tougher and different than the previous ones in a sense that situation has changed globally and international actors are more fascinated by this vital part of South Asia.

Virology Journal, 2011

Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus ... more Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) because this is sub satellite virus which depends on and propagate only in the presence of HBV. HDV causes co-infection or super infection with sever complication as compared to only HBV infection. No study on molecular level on HDV is available from this region; therefore, the aim of this study was to found out the molecular epidemiology of HDV (as a co-infection with HBV) in different geographical regions of Pakistan. Total 228 HBsAg positive samples were received for the study from different geographical regions of the country. Only HBV DNA PCR positive samples were further utilized for the presence of HDV RNA. For this purpose, HDV RNA and HBV DNA was extracted and amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR and real-time PCR. Out of the total 228 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA was detected in total 190 (83.3%) samples belonged to diffe...

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an innovative autonomous carrier landing system (A... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an innovative autonomous carrier landing system (ACLS) using novel robust adaptive preview control (RAPC) method, which can assure safe and successful autonomous carrier landing under the influence of airwake disturbance and irregular deck motion. To design a deck motion predictor based on an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which predicts the touchdown point, very precisely. Design/methodology/approach An ACLS is comprising a UKF based deck motion predictor, a previewable glide path module and a control system. The previewable information is augmented with the system and then latitude and longitudinal controllers are designed based on the preview control scheme, in which the robust adaptive feedback and feedforward gain’s laws are obtained through Lyapunov stability theorem and linear matrix inequality approach, guarantying the closed-loop system’s asymptotic stability. Findings The autonomous carrier landing problem is solved by proposi...