Muhammad Zia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Zia

Pak. J. Bot, 2009

Seeds of three approved desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) varieties viz., Punjab 2000, Bittal 98 ... more Seeds of three approved desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) varieties viz., Punjab 2000, Bittal 98 and CM 72 grown in arid zones of Pakistan were analysed for their biochemical and physicochemical compositions. The moisture contents ranged from 6.30±0.40-7.60±0.30 g/100g, dry matter from 92.30±0.69-92.70±0.41 g/100g, ash from 3.10±0.01-3.22±0.02 g/100g, crude protein from 22.19±0.11-22.50±0.43 g/100g, crude fat from 2.05±0.04-2.10±0.04 g/100g, total carbohydrates from 64.90±0.16-66.51±0.11 g/100g and calorific value from 368-373 Kcal/100g. The content of total nitrogen ranged from 3.55±0.11-3.60±0.43 g/100g. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies showed 5 bands of different proteins in each variety. All of the 3 varieties were found to be almost similar on the basis of total sugars, free amino acids and ascorbic acid contents. The crude fibre content ranged from 13.2±0.11-14.10±0.54 g/100g. The oil from the seeds of each chickpea variety was also analysed for specific gravity (0.9339-0.9346), acid value (2.40±0.87-2.50±0.67 mg KOH), iodine value (112.56±0.371-13.87±0.29), saponification value (178.90±0.19-180.64±0.12 mg KOH) and unsaponifiable matter (3.42±0.97-3.47±1.02 g/100g). These three varieties showed significant variation in the moisture, ash contents, total carbohydrates, iodine value and saponification value. The research results about the biochemical characteristics of desi chickpea varieties are expected to provide guidelines for the researchers confronted with the need to use such typical food seeds in Pakistan as well as in the rest of the world.

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009

In vitro shoot regeneration of Mentha piperita L. was investigated using shoot meristems, node, i... more In vitro shoot regeneration of Mentha piperita L. was investigated using shoot meristems, node, internode and petiole explants. Shoot regeneration was achieved on 1⁄2 strength MS salts and vitamins supplemented with various concentrations of BAP, Kin alone or with NAA. Shoot meristems and nodal segments showed variation in the frequency of shoot regeneration with single to multiple shoots. However, internode and petiole explants were not potent and failed to regenerate shoots at some of the tested plant growth regulators concentrations. Variable frequency of rooting was recorded at four different concentrations of auxins. The rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to in vivo conditions in the greenhouse.

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021

Abbasi (2021) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumula... more Abbasi (2021) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of

ACS Omega, 2020

Cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) used in semiconducting devices are photosensitive and optically activ... more Cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) used in semiconducting devices are photosensitive and optically active. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of different spectral lights and CdO NPs on morphological, antioxidant, and phytochemical characteristics of Dodonaea viscosa. The plants were grown on media in the presence of green and chemically synthesized CdO NPs and under red, yellow, green, blue, and white light intensities. Results illustrated that plant morphological parameters changed in the presence of different spectral lights and NPs behaved differentially under different spectral lights. Fresh and dry weights of plants decreased in the presence of NPs in the media; however, the concentration and route of synthesis of NPs have a significant effect on these parameters. The same was observed in the case of shoot and root lengths; however, green synthesized NPs were found to be less toxic under different spectral lights. The total antixodant response increased under yellow, blue, and white lights, while the total reducing potential of plant extracts significantly varied depending upon the NP concentration and light spectrum. Different spectral lights significantly influenced the syntheses of phenolics and flavonoids under CdO NP stress and light regimes. It is concluded that toxicity of NPs also depends upon the wavelength of striking light that varies the morphological, biochemical, and antioxidative response of the plants. Furthermore, the white light might have synergistic effects of different wavelengths.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2019

Ipomoea turbinata Lagasca and Segura (Purple Moonflower) belongs to the largest flowering genus I... more Ipomoea turbinata Lagasca and Segura (Purple Moonflower) belongs to the largest flowering genus Ipomoea in the Convolvulaceae family. Ipomoea turbinata has not been previously explored for its in vitro potential. This is the first study focused on thidiazuron-induced callus culture for efficient biosynthesis of commercially important phenolic compounds in this plant species. Among the two plant growth regulators tested on leaf, stem, and root explants, 5 mg L −1 thidiazuron (TDZ) induced the highest biomass accumulation (61.4 g L −1 fresh weight, 6.3 g L −1 dry weight) in leaf-derived callus cultures after 5 wk of culture. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents recorded were 9.04 mg g −1 and 1.16 mg g −1 , respectively, in optimized callus cultures. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated high levels of pharmacologically important anticancer compounds such as chlorogenic acid (13.48 mg g −1), arctigenin (11.67 mg g −1), quercetin (6.19 mg g −1), and kaempferol (5.48 mg g −1), along with other phenolic acids. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also evaluated, and leaf-derived callus culture displayed a maximum of 62.6% antioxidant potential. The induction of improved biomass accumulation in callus culture and the production of multipotent bioactive metabolites shows the potential of the multifunctional thidiazuron hormone as an efficient elicitation tool in callus culture of I. turbinata.

IET nanobiotechnology, 2018

Theranostic approach provides us a platform where diagnosis and treatment can be carried out simu... more Theranostic approach provides us a platform where diagnosis and treatment can be carried out simultaneously. Biosynthesis of theranostic-capable nanoparticles (NPs) can be carried out by phytoconstituents present inside the plants that can act as capping as well as stabilising agents by offering several advantages over chemical and physical methods. This article highlights the theranostic role of NPs with emphasis on potential of plants to produce these NPs through ecofriendly approach that is called 'Green synthesis'. Biosynthesis, advantages, and disadvantages of plant-based theronostics have been discussed for better understanding. Moreover, this article has highlighted the approaches required to optimise the plant-mediated synthesis of NPs and to avoid the toxicity of these agents. Anticipating all of the challenges, the authors expect biogenic NPs can appear as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents in near future.

Infectious diseases of poverty, Jan 11, 2018

Approximately 10 million people in Pakistan are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most p... more Approximately 10 million people in Pakistan are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most patients develop chronic hepatitis, with rare cases of spontaneous clearance. However, little is known about multidrug resistant viral variants in Pakistan. This case study describes a 47-year-old male diagnosed with chronic HCV genotype 3a infection in 2003. After an initial diagnosis of viral infection, the patient remained treatment naïve for 5 years. He received two therapy cycles of interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in 2007 and 2010, however, he was non-responsive to the therapy. The patient then received an additional two treatment cycles of pegylated IFN α-2b plus RBV (in 2011 and 2013); he was still non-responsive. In 2016, the patient underwent sofosbuvir plus RBV combination therapy, however, the sustained virological response was still not achieved. The host genetic factor was found to be heterozygous guanine and thymine (GT) and cytosine and thymine (CT) genotypes of rs809...

BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 9, 2017

The role of plants for discovery of therapeutic potential accentuates the need to know their biol... more The role of plants for discovery of therapeutic potential accentuates the need to know their biological attributes. The present study aims to comprehend the biological attributes of Rhus punjabensis, an unexplored traditional medicinal plant. Leaf and stem extracts of R. punjabensis prepared in 11 different organic solvents are evaluated for multimode antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined through colorimetric assays, HPLC-DAD analysis was carried out for quantification of various polyphenols in extracts. Brine shrimp lethality, SRB and MTT assays were used to elucidate plant's cytotoxic and antileishmanial potentials. Disc diffusion assay was used to elucidate the protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal spectrum. Ethanol + ethyl acetate yielded maximum extract recovery from leaf (6.11 ± 1.09% w/w), total phenolic content (80.5 ± 2.18 μg GAE/mg extract) and reducing power potential (165.4 ± 2.29 μg AAE/mg extract). Maximum fl...

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are synthesized in various organic solvents (acetone, chloroform,... more Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are synthesized in various organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) and water via coprecipitation process using zinc acetate as precursor. The resultant ZnO nanoparticles, nano rods and nano sheets are characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The variable size and geometry of nanoparticles depend upon medium used for synthesis. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures exhibit minor to moderate antioxidative (DPPH based free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidative potential and total reducing power) response. Mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, excellent antileishmanial potential (IC50 up to 3.76), and good cytotoxic perspective (LD50 up to 49.4) is also observed by the synthesized ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles also exhibit moderate α-amylase inhibition response. Furthermore the nanostructures are evaluated for methylene blue photodegradation response within 60 min time period. It is found that organic solvent alters shape, size and other physio-chemical properties of ZnO that ultimately modulate the biological, chemical, and environmental properties.

African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2007

Callus cultures were induced from leaf and stem explants of Artemisia absinthium, at different au... more Callus cultures were induced from leaf and stem explants of Artemisia absinthium, at different auxin and cytokinin concentrations. Moderate concentrations of growth regulators either in combination or in single in MS medium produced friable, light green and non-embryogenic callus from both explants. These totipotent cells gave rise to shoots when transferred to same or different growth regulator containing medium as second subculture. Complete rooting was achieved on full and half strength basal MS medium supplemented with different auxin concentrations. Synergetic effect of plant growth regulator plays an important role in callus induction and cell differentiation.

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016

Nanoparticles (NPs) have diverse properties when compared to respective chemicals due to their st... more Nanoparticles (NPs) have diverse properties when compared to respective chemicals due to their structure, surface to volume ratio, morphology, and reactivity. Toxicological effects of metallic NPs on organisms including plants have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still not any report on the effect of NPs on in vitro culture of plant explants. In this study, ZnO NPs concentration ranging from 500 to 1500 mg/L adversely affects the Brassica nigra seed germination and seedling growth and also lead to an increase in the antioxidative activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants. While, culturing the stem explants of B. nigra on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at lower concentration of ZnO NPs (1-20 mg/L) resulted in the production of white thin roots with thick root hairs. At 10 mg/L ZnO NPs, shoots emergence is also observed. The developed calli/roots showed 79% DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity at 10 mg/L. The total antioxidant and reducing power potential also significantly affected in presence of ZnO NPs. Moreover, an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules, phenolics (up to 0.15 µg GAE/mg FW) and flavonoids (up to 0.22 µg QE/mg FW), depending on NPs concentration is also observed. We conclude that ZnO NPs may induce roots from explants cultured on appropriate medium that can be used for production of valuable secondary metabolites.

IET Nanobiotechnology, 2016

Citrus production throughout the world has been increasing day by day. Orange is the main produce... more Citrus production throughout the world has been increasing day by day. Orange is the main producer with about 82% of total production (Marin et al., 2007). Worldwide increase in production was 14% in 2010, calculated to be 66.4 million metric tons in

IET Nanobiotechnology, 2016

The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important a... more The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important and attractive branch of nanotechnology. In current study, metallic nanoparticles of silver, copper, and gold were synthesised using environment friendly method (polyols process), and applied on medicinally important plant: Eruca sativa. Effects of application of these nanoparticles were evaluated on seed germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Seeds of E. sativa were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium incorporated with various combinations of nanoparticles suspension (30 µg/ml). Phytotoxicity study showed that nanoparticles could induce stress in plants by manipulating the endogenous mechanisms. In response to these stresses, plants release various defensive compounds; known as antioxidant secondary metabolites. These plants derived secondary metabolites having a great potential in treating the common human ailments. In the authors study, small-sized nanoparticles showed higher toxicity levels and enhanced secondary metabolites production, total protein content, total flavonoids content and total phenolics content.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2016

5-Fluorouracil is used as an antineoplastic agent in solid tumors. The study was conducted to ana... more 5-Fluorouracil is used as an antineoplastic agent in solid tumors. The study was conducted to analyze the effect of EDDA on synthesis of 5-fluorouracil with 99m Tc. The 99m Tc-5-flurouracil was formulated using stannous agent, and EDDA. This complex was stable for 4 h, with post labeling efficiency of 92 %. The distribution study in animal model showed that after 30 min 35 ± 8 % of injected dose cross the blood brain barrier and excreted through kidney with no sign of toxicity. It was concluded that the addition of EDDA modified the labeling side in 5-fluorouracil for 99m Tc, which localized in brain and hence can be used further for brain imaging study. Keywords 5-Flurouracil as an imaging probe Á Effect of ethylenediamin-N Á N-diacetic acid (EDDA) Á Brain imaging agent Á 99m Tc labeled antineoplastic & N.

International journal of dermatology, Jan 17, 2015

Ichthyoses are clinically characterized by scaling or hyperkeratosis of the skin or both. It can ... more Ichthyoses are clinically characterized by scaling or hyperkeratosis of the skin or both. It can be an isolated condition limited to the skin or appear secondarily with involvement of other cutaneous or systemic abnormalities. The present study investigated clinical and molecular characterization of three consanguineous families (A, B, C) segregating two different forms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). Linkage in three consanguineous families (A, B, C) segregating two different forms of ARCI was searched by typing microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism marker analysis. Sequencing of the two genes TGM1 and ALOXE3 was performed by the dideoxy chain termination method. Genome-wide linkage analysis established linkage in family A to TGM1 gene on chromosome 14q11 and in families B and C to ALOXE3 gene on chromosome 17p13. Subsequently, sequencing of these genes using samples from affected family members led to the identification of three novel mutations: a ...

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014

Through biochemical technique of SDS-PAGE, 136 genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were cha... more Through biochemical technique of SDS-PAGE, 136 genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were characterized based on total seed storage proteins. The germplasm used in the study consisted of 135 accessions and one check cultivar obtained from Gene-bank of Plant Genetic Resources Institute (PGRI), NARC, and Islamabad, Pakistan. During this study 12.25% polyacrylamide gels were used and a total of 21 protein sub-units were observed among the genotypes. Out of these 21 bands, 16 (76.19%) were polymorphic and the rest of 5 (23.81%) were monomorphic. The 21 protein sub-units were found within the range of molecular weights from 6 to 180 kDa. The similarity coefficient among these genotypes ranged from 0.83 to 0.98. The genotypes studied were divided into five major clusters through constructing the dendrogram on the basis of dissimilarity matrix using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages). Overall a low level of genetic divergence was found. So, it is suggested that to find out high level of genetic diversity among these genotypes 2-D gel electrophoresis along with other modern techniques should be practiced in future because SDS-PAGE technique alone is insufficient to fully explore the genetic diversity present in these genotypes.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014

Plants exposed to salt stress undergo biochemical and morphological changes even at cellular leve... more Plants exposed to salt stress undergo biochemical and morphological changes even at cellular level. Such changes also include activation of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species, while morphological changes are determined as deformation of membranes and organelles. Present investigation substantiates this phenomenon for Caralluma tuberculata calli when exposed to NaCl stress at different concentrations. Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in NaCl-stressed calli dwindled upon application of non-enzymatic antioxidants; ascorbic acid (AA) and salicylic acid (SA). Many fold increased enzymes concentrations trimmed down even below as present in the control calli. Electron microscopic images accentuated several cellular changes upon NaCl stress such as plasmolysed plasma membrane, disruption of nuclear membrane, increased numbers of nucleoli, alteration in shape and lamellar membrane system in plastid, and increased number of plastoglobuli. The cells retrieved their normal structure upon exposure to non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of the present experiments conclude that NaCl aggravate oxidative molecules that eventually alleviate antioxidant enzymatic system. Furthermore, the salt stress knocked down by applying ascorbic acid and salicylic acid manifested by normal enzyme level and restoration of cellular structure.

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

Present study was aimed to standardize some transformation conditions for soybean cultivar NARC-4... more Present study was aimed to standardize some transformation conditions for soybean cultivar NARC-4 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 101 harboring pGUSintNPTII. Soybean half seed cotyledonary node method was opted. It was found that explant preparation in Agrosuspension culture resulted in highest transformation efficiency (48.3%) than in infection medium and water. One hour infection time was found optimum (55.9% transformation efficiency) in culture OD 600 1.0. Co-cultivation of soybean half seed explants with Agrobacterium for five days showed better results as compared with three and four days. Two hr washing in washing medium containing 1g/L cefotaxime controlled prevalence of Agrobacterium in further steps. It was found that varying kanamycin concentration in selection medium resulted in high survival rate of transformed shoots. NARC-4 soybean cultivar showed better transformation efficiency than NARC-7 when genotype dependency was examined using Agrobacterium strain EHA101.

Pakistan Journal of Botany

In vitro propagation of Caralluma tuberculata (Chungah) was developed from shoot tip and meristem... more In vitro propagation of Caralluma tuberculata (Chungah) was developed from shoot tip and meristem explants. C. tuberculata is an imperative medicinal plant comprising antidiabetic and anticancer properties. The explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators. Presence of BA or Kin alone in the MS medium did not favor regeneration of shoot from both explants. However, addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4- D), gibberellic acid (GA3) and thidiazuron (TDZ) along with 6-benzyl amino purine (BA) or kinetin (Kin) in the medium exhibited significant percentage response, number of shoots per explant and shoot length. Maximum shooting response (53.3±5.77% from meristem and shoot tip explants each) with highest number of shoots per explant (5.33±2.08 and 5.6±2.52 from meristem and shoot tip explants, respectively) were observed at 13.32 µmol BA along with 2.26 µmol 2,4-D, 2.89 µmol GA3 and 9.08x10-3 µmol TDZ. Replacing BA wit...

Pak. J. Bot, 2009

Seeds of three approved desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) varieties viz., Punjab 2000, Bittal 98 ... more Seeds of three approved desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) varieties viz., Punjab 2000, Bittal 98 and CM 72 grown in arid zones of Pakistan were analysed for their biochemical and physicochemical compositions. The moisture contents ranged from 6.30±0.40-7.60±0.30 g/100g, dry matter from 92.30±0.69-92.70±0.41 g/100g, ash from 3.10±0.01-3.22±0.02 g/100g, crude protein from 22.19±0.11-22.50±0.43 g/100g, crude fat from 2.05±0.04-2.10±0.04 g/100g, total carbohydrates from 64.90±0.16-66.51±0.11 g/100g and calorific value from 368-373 Kcal/100g. The content of total nitrogen ranged from 3.55±0.11-3.60±0.43 g/100g. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies showed 5 bands of different proteins in each variety. All of the 3 varieties were found to be almost similar on the basis of total sugars, free amino acids and ascorbic acid contents. The crude fibre content ranged from 13.2±0.11-14.10±0.54 g/100g. The oil from the seeds of each chickpea variety was also analysed for specific gravity (0.9339-0.9346), acid value (2.40±0.87-2.50±0.67 mg KOH), iodine value (112.56±0.371-13.87±0.29), saponification value (178.90±0.19-180.64±0.12 mg KOH) and unsaponifiable matter (3.42±0.97-3.47±1.02 g/100g). These three varieties showed significant variation in the moisture, ash contents, total carbohydrates, iodine value and saponification value. The research results about the biochemical characteristics of desi chickpea varieties are expected to provide guidelines for the researchers confronted with the need to use such typical food seeds in Pakistan as well as in the rest of the world.

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009

In vitro shoot regeneration of Mentha piperita L. was investigated using shoot meristems, node, i... more In vitro shoot regeneration of Mentha piperita L. was investigated using shoot meristems, node, internode and petiole explants. Shoot regeneration was achieved on 1⁄2 strength MS salts and vitamins supplemented with various concentrations of BAP, Kin alone or with NAA. Shoot meristems and nodal segments showed variation in the frequency of shoot regeneration with single to multiple shoots. However, internode and petiole explants were not potent and failed to regenerate shoots at some of the tested plant growth regulators concentrations. Variable frequency of rooting was recorded at four different concentrations of auxins. The rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to in vivo conditions in the greenhouse.

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021

Abbasi (2021) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumula... more Abbasi (2021) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of

ACS Omega, 2020

Cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) used in semiconducting devices are photosensitive and optically activ... more Cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) used in semiconducting devices are photosensitive and optically active. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of different spectral lights and CdO NPs on morphological, antioxidant, and phytochemical characteristics of Dodonaea viscosa. The plants were grown on media in the presence of green and chemically synthesized CdO NPs and under red, yellow, green, blue, and white light intensities. Results illustrated that plant morphological parameters changed in the presence of different spectral lights and NPs behaved differentially under different spectral lights. Fresh and dry weights of plants decreased in the presence of NPs in the media; however, the concentration and route of synthesis of NPs have a significant effect on these parameters. The same was observed in the case of shoot and root lengths; however, green synthesized NPs were found to be less toxic under different spectral lights. The total antixodant response increased under yellow, blue, and white lights, while the total reducing potential of plant extracts significantly varied depending upon the NP concentration and light spectrum. Different spectral lights significantly influenced the syntheses of phenolics and flavonoids under CdO NP stress and light regimes. It is concluded that toxicity of NPs also depends upon the wavelength of striking light that varies the morphological, biochemical, and antioxidative response of the plants. Furthermore, the white light might have synergistic effects of different wavelengths.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2019

Ipomoea turbinata Lagasca and Segura (Purple Moonflower) belongs to the largest flowering genus I... more Ipomoea turbinata Lagasca and Segura (Purple Moonflower) belongs to the largest flowering genus Ipomoea in the Convolvulaceae family. Ipomoea turbinata has not been previously explored for its in vitro potential. This is the first study focused on thidiazuron-induced callus culture for efficient biosynthesis of commercially important phenolic compounds in this plant species. Among the two plant growth regulators tested on leaf, stem, and root explants, 5 mg L −1 thidiazuron (TDZ) induced the highest biomass accumulation (61.4 g L −1 fresh weight, 6.3 g L −1 dry weight) in leaf-derived callus cultures after 5 wk of culture. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents recorded were 9.04 mg g −1 and 1.16 mg g −1 , respectively, in optimized callus cultures. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated high levels of pharmacologically important anticancer compounds such as chlorogenic acid (13.48 mg g −1), arctigenin (11.67 mg g −1), quercetin (6.19 mg g −1), and kaempferol (5.48 mg g −1), along with other phenolic acids. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also evaluated, and leaf-derived callus culture displayed a maximum of 62.6% antioxidant potential. The induction of improved biomass accumulation in callus culture and the production of multipotent bioactive metabolites shows the potential of the multifunctional thidiazuron hormone as an efficient elicitation tool in callus culture of I. turbinata.

IET nanobiotechnology, 2018

Theranostic approach provides us a platform where diagnosis and treatment can be carried out simu... more Theranostic approach provides us a platform where diagnosis and treatment can be carried out simultaneously. Biosynthesis of theranostic-capable nanoparticles (NPs) can be carried out by phytoconstituents present inside the plants that can act as capping as well as stabilising agents by offering several advantages over chemical and physical methods. This article highlights the theranostic role of NPs with emphasis on potential of plants to produce these NPs through ecofriendly approach that is called 'Green synthesis'. Biosynthesis, advantages, and disadvantages of plant-based theronostics have been discussed for better understanding. Moreover, this article has highlighted the approaches required to optimise the plant-mediated synthesis of NPs and to avoid the toxicity of these agents. Anticipating all of the challenges, the authors expect biogenic NPs can appear as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents in near future.

Infectious diseases of poverty, Jan 11, 2018

Approximately 10 million people in Pakistan are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most p... more Approximately 10 million people in Pakistan are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most patients develop chronic hepatitis, with rare cases of spontaneous clearance. However, little is known about multidrug resistant viral variants in Pakistan. This case study describes a 47-year-old male diagnosed with chronic HCV genotype 3a infection in 2003. After an initial diagnosis of viral infection, the patient remained treatment naïve for 5 years. He received two therapy cycles of interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in 2007 and 2010, however, he was non-responsive to the therapy. The patient then received an additional two treatment cycles of pegylated IFN α-2b plus RBV (in 2011 and 2013); he was still non-responsive. In 2016, the patient underwent sofosbuvir plus RBV combination therapy, however, the sustained virological response was still not achieved. The host genetic factor was found to be heterozygous guanine and thymine (GT) and cytosine and thymine (CT) genotypes of rs809...

BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 9, 2017

The role of plants for discovery of therapeutic potential accentuates the need to know their biol... more The role of plants for discovery of therapeutic potential accentuates the need to know their biological attributes. The present study aims to comprehend the biological attributes of Rhus punjabensis, an unexplored traditional medicinal plant. Leaf and stem extracts of R. punjabensis prepared in 11 different organic solvents are evaluated for multimode antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined through colorimetric assays, HPLC-DAD analysis was carried out for quantification of various polyphenols in extracts. Brine shrimp lethality, SRB and MTT assays were used to elucidate plant's cytotoxic and antileishmanial potentials. Disc diffusion assay was used to elucidate the protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal spectrum. Ethanol + ethyl acetate yielded maximum extract recovery from leaf (6.11 ± 1.09% w/w), total phenolic content (80.5 ± 2.18 μg GAE/mg extract) and reducing power potential (165.4 ± 2.29 μg AAE/mg extract). Maximum fl...

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are synthesized in various organic solvents (acetone, chloroform,... more Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are synthesized in various organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) and water via coprecipitation process using zinc acetate as precursor. The resultant ZnO nanoparticles, nano rods and nano sheets are characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The variable size and geometry of nanoparticles depend upon medium used for synthesis. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures exhibit minor to moderate antioxidative (DPPH based free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidative potential and total reducing power) response. Mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, excellent antileishmanial potential (IC50 up to 3.76), and good cytotoxic perspective (LD50 up to 49.4) is also observed by the synthesized ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles also exhibit moderate α-amylase inhibition response. Furthermore the nanostructures are evaluated for methylene blue photodegradation response within 60 min time period. It is found that organic solvent alters shape, size and other physio-chemical properties of ZnO that ultimately modulate the biological, chemical, and environmental properties.

African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2007

Callus cultures were induced from leaf and stem explants of Artemisia absinthium, at different au... more Callus cultures were induced from leaf and stem explants of Artemisia absinthium, at different auxin and cytokinin concentrations. Moderate concentrations of growth regulators either in combination or in single in MS medium produced friable, light green and non-embryogenic callus from both explants. These totipotent cells gave rise to shoots when transferred to same or different growth regulator containing medium as second subculture. Complete rooting was achieved on full and half strength basal MS medium supplemented with different auxin concentrations. Synergetic effect of plant growth regulator plays an important role in callus induction and cell differentiation.

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016

Nanoparticles (NPs) have diverse properties when compared to respective chemicals due to their st... more Nanoparticles (NPs) have diverse properties when compared to respective chemicals due to their structure, surface to volume ratio, morphology, and reactivity. Toxicological effects of metallic NPs on organisms including plants have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still not any report on the effect of NPs on in vitro culture of plant explants. In this study, ZnO NPs concentration ranging from 500 to 1500 mg/L adversely affects the Brassica nigra seed germination and seedling growth and also lead to an increase in the antioxidative activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants. While, culturing the stem explants of B. nigra on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at lower concentration of ZnO NPs (1-20 mg/L) resulted in the production of white thin roots with thick root hairs. At 10 mg/L ZnO NPs, shoots emergence is also observed. The developed calli/roots showed 79% DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity at 10 mg/L. The total antioxidant and reducing power potential also significantly affected in presence of ZnO NPs. Moreover, an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules, phenolics (up to 0.15 µg GAE/mg FW) and flavonoids (up to 0.22 µg QE/mg FW), depending on NPs concentration is also observed. We conclude that ZnO NPs may induce roots from explants cultured on appropriate medium that can be used for production of valuable secondary metabolites.

IET Nanobiotechnology, 2016

Citrus production throughout the world has been increasing day by day. Orange is the main produce... more Citrus production throughout the world has been increasing day by day. Orange is the main producer with about 82% of total production (Marin et al., 2007). Worldwide increase in production was 14% in 2010, calculated to be 66.4 million metric tons in

IET Nanobiotechnology, 2016

The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important a... more The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important and attractive branch of nanotechnology. In current study, metallic nanoparticles of silver, copper, and gold were synthesised using environment friendly method (polyols process), and applied on medicinally important plant: Eruca sativa. Effects of application of these nanoparticles were evaluated on seed germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Seeds of E. sativa were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium incorporated with various combinations of nanoparticles suspension (30 µg/ml). Phytotoxicity study showed that nanoparticles could induce stress in plants by manipulating the endogenous mechanisms. In response to these stresses, plants release various defensive compounds; known as antioxidant secondary metabolites. These plants derived secondary metabolites having a great potential in treating the common human ailments. In the authors study, small-sized nanoparticles showed higher toxicity levels and enhanced secondary metabolites production, total protein content, total flavonoids content and total phenolics content.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2016

5-Fluorouracil is used as an antineoplastic agent in solid tumors. The study was conducted to ana... more 5-Fluorouracil is used as an antineoplastic agent in solid tumors. The study was conducted to analyze the effect of EDDA on synthesis of 5-fluorouracil with 99m Tc. The 99m Tc-5-flurouracil was formulated using stannous agent, and EDDA. This complex was stable for 4 h, with post labeling efficiency of 92 %. The distribution study in animal model showed that after 30 min 35 ± 8 % of injected dose cross the blood brain barrier and excreted through kidney with no sign of toxicity. It was concluded that the addition of EDDA modified the labeling side in 5-fluorouracil for 99m Tc, which localized in brain and hence can be used further for brain imaging study. Keywords 5-Flurouracil as an imaging probe Á Effect of ethylenediamin-N Á N-diacetic acid (EDDA) Á Brain imaging agent Á 99m Tc labeled antineoplastic & N.

International journal of dermatology, Jan 17, 2015

Ichthyoses are clinically characterized by scaling or hyperkeratosis of the skin or both. It can ... more Ichthyoses are clinically characterized by scaling or hyperkeratosis of the skin or both. It can be an isolated condition limited to the skin or appear secondarily with involvement of other cutaneous or systemic abnormalities. The present study investigated clinical and molecular characterization of three consanguineous families (A, B, C) segregating two different forms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). Linkage in three consanguineous families (A, B, C) segregating two different forms of ARCI was searched by typing microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism marker analysis. Sequencing of the two genes TGM1 and ALOXE3 was performed by the dideoxy chain termination method. Genome-wide linkage analysis established linkage in family A to TGM1 gene on chromosome 14q11 and in families B and C to ALOXE3 gene on chromosome 17p13. Subsequently, sequencing of these genes using samples from affected family members led to the identification of three novel mutations: a ...

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014

Through biochemical technique of SDS-PAGE, 136 genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were cha... more Through biochemical technique of SDS-PAGE, 136 genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were characterized based on total seed storage proteins. The germplasm used in the study consisted of 135 accessions and one check cultivar obtained from Gene-bank of Plant Genetic Resources Institute (PGRI), NARC, and Islamabad, Pakistan. During this study 12.25% polyacrylamide gels were used and a total of 21 protein sub-units were observed among the genotypes. Out of these 21 bands, 16 (76.19%) were polymorphic and the rest of 5 (23.81%) were monomorphic. The 21 protein sub-units were found within the range of molecular weights from 6 to 180 kDa. The similarity coefficient among these genotypes ranged from 0.83 to 0.98. The genotypes studied were divided into five major clusters through constructing the dendrogram on the basis of dissimilarity matrix using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages). Overall a low level of genetic divergence was found. So, it is suggested that to find out high level of genetic diversity among these genotypes 2-D gel electrophoresis along with other modern techniques should be practiced in future because SDS-PAGE technique alone is insufficient to fully explore the genetic diversity present in these genotypes.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014

Plants exposed to salt stress undergo biochemical and morphological changes even at cellular leve... more Plants exposed to salt stress undergo biochemical and morphological changes even at cellular level. Such changes also include activation of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species, while morphological changes are determined as deformation of membranes and organelles. Present investigation substantiates this phenomenon for Caralluma tuberculata calli when exposed to NaCl stress at different concentrations. Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in NaCl-stressed calli dwindled upon application of non-enzymatic antioxidants; ascorbic acid (AA) and salicylic acid (SA). Many fold increased enzymes concentrations trimmed down even below as present in the control calli. Electron microscopic images accentuated several cellular changes upon NaCl stress such as plasmolysed plasma membrane, disruption of nuclear membrane, increased numbers of nucleoli, alteration in shape and lamellar membrane system in plastid, and increased number of plastoglobuli. The cells retrieved their normal structure upon exposure to non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of the present experiments conclude that NaCl aggravate oxidative molecules that eventually alleviate antioxidant enzymatic system. Furthermore, the salt stress knocked down by applying ascorbic acid and salicylic acid manifested by normal enzyme level and restoration of cellular structure.

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

Present study was aimed to standardize some transformation conditions for soybean cultivar NARC-4... more Present study was aimed to standardize some transformation conditions for soybean cultivar NARC-4 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 101 harboring pGUSintNPTII. Soybean half seed cotyledonary node method was opted. It was found that explant preparation in Agrosuspension culture resulted in highest transformation efficiency (48.3%) than in infection medium and water. One hour infection time was found optimum (55.9% transformation efficiency) in culture OD 600 1.0. Co-cultivation of soybean half seed explants with Agrobacterium for five days showed better results as compared with three and four days. Two hr washing in washing medium containing 1g/L cefotaxime controlled prevalence of Agrobacterium in further steps. It was found that varying kanamycin concentration in selection medium resulted in high survival rate of transformed shoots. NARC-4 soybean cultivar showed better transformation efficiency than NARC-7 when genotype dependency was examined using Agrobacterium strain EHA101.

Pakistan Journal of Botany

In vitro propagation of Caralluma tuberculata (Chungah) was developed from shoot tip and meristem... more In vitro propagation of Caralluma tuberculata (Chungah) was developed from shoot tip and meristem explants. C. tuberculata is an imperative medicinal plant comprising antidiabetic and anticancer properties. The explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators. Presence of BA or Kin alone in the MS medium did not favor regeneration of shoot from both explants. However, addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4- D), gibberellic acid (GA3) and thidiazuron (TDZ) along with 6-benzyl amino purine (BA) or kinetin (Kin) in the medium exhibited significant percentage response, number of shoots per explant and shoot length. Maximum shooting response (53.3±5.77% from meristem and shoot tip explants each) with highest number of shoots per explant (5.33±2.08 and 5.6±2.52 from meristem and shoot tip explants, respectively) were observed at 13.32 µmol BA along with 2.26 µmol 2,4-D, 2.89 µmol GA3 and 9.08x10-3 µmol TDZ. Replacing BA wit...