Mukarim Abdurahaman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mukarim Abdurahaman

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

Table of the genotypes combinations of Prion protein gene in native Ethiopian goats.. (PDF 423 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

Prion protein gene polymorphism in native Ethiopian goats. Excel file that include all informatio... more Prion protein gene polymorphism in native Ethiopian goats. Excel file that include all information related to each single goat in the three Ethiopian regions. For each goat, information regarding sex, age in months and the related prion polymorphisms are reported. (XLS 60 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: of Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia

Raw data of sheep and goats. (XLSX 17Â kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia

Map of study districts. (JPG 324Â kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Gechi District, Buno Bedelle Zone, South West Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

Fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. The aim of stud... more Fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. The aim of study was to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle A cross-sectional survey was carried out from July 2015 to October 2015 on bovine fasciolosis in Gechi district, Buno Bedlele Zone of Oromia Regional state at south western part of Ethiopia. For this, a total of 384 feacal samples were randomly collected from local breed cattle and all samples were subjected to standard sedimentation test at Animal Health laboratory of Bedele regional station; Oromia, Ethiopia. In the laboratory coproscopic examination were performed to detect the presence of Fasciola egg. Fresh fecal samples for parasitological examination were collected directly from the rectum by using disposable plastic gloves and placed in clean screw capped universal bottles. Each sample was labeled with date of submission, age, sex, body condition and place of origin (PAs). Samples were preserved with 10% formalin solution. The overall prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was found to be 23.7% from 91 positive samples. From the various risk factor analyzed, age categories of cattle, sex, body conditions and PAs influence were found to be non-significantly associated (p>0.05) with the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis. When considered the relationship with sex it was observed that male (23.40%) and female (23.97%), in young age (23.72%) and adult (23.68%). As regards to body condition, poor (23.75%) and good (23.66%) was recorded; and the prevalence was varying among PAs that is lower (23.07%) and higher (24.44%) in different PAs of the study area. It can be concluded that these risk factors need to be taken in consideration when designing effective fasciolosis control management system for cattle in Ethiopia.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Causes of Liver Condemnation and Associated Direct Financial Losses in Bovine Saughtered at Assela Municipal Abattoir Arsi, South Eastern Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2017

A study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 on cattle slaughtered at Assela municipal... more A study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 on cattle slaughtered at Assela municipal abattoir with the aim of determining major causes of liver condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver. Ante mortem and post mortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities encountered were recorded. A total of 384 cattle were examined at ante mortem and 9 animals were found to have abnormalities/conditions like lameness, blindness, rough hair, amputated tail and branding. Out of 384 cattle slaughtered, 274 (71.4%) livers were totally condemned. The major causes of liver condemnation were due to hydatidosis (64.6%), fascilosis (20.8%), calcification (7.7%), coinfection of hydatid cyst with fasciola (4.7%), cirrhosis (1.5%) and abscess (0.7%). Comparison of liver condemnation rate was carried out for different age, animal origin and body condition however, statistically significant difference was observed on...

Research paper thumbnail of Phenotypic Characterization, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Profile and Risk Factors of Escherichia Colio157:H7 Isolated from Cattle Meat at Jimma Ethiopia

American Journal of BioScience, 2021

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered the most prevalent food borne pathogen that has gained inc... more Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered the most prevalent food borne pathogen that has gained increasing attention worldwide in recent years. A cross sectional study was undertaken from January 2018 to September 2018 on carcass swab and utensil at slaughter house as well as meat and utensil obtained from butcher shop at Jimma town to isolate identify and assess association risk factor of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. From total of 288 samples 51 of them were biochemically positive for Escherichia coli. From those isolated by biochemical tests four of them were found to be positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain as confirmed by Biolog incubation manual. Among the samples (144) from slaughter house examined 3 of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. Two of the isolates were identified from carcass and one from hanging up wire at slaughter house while the rest one was from meat at butcher shop. The ant...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Bovine Trypanasomosis in Guto Gida District of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2014

A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in f... more A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five peasant associations of Guto Gida District of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia from October 2013 to March 2014. From five peasant association, 384 cattle were randomly selected and examined for trypanosomosis. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 7.81% of which Trypanosoma congolense infection was 53.33%, Trypanosoma vivax infection was 30% and Trypanosoma brucei was 16.66% with statistically significant difference (P=0.00). A significant association was observed (P<0.05) between the disease positivity and body condition score. When the mean packed cell volume of trypanosome infected animals was compared with that of non- infected animals, it was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the infected animals. In conclusion, trypanosomosis caused by T. congolense, T. vivax and T.brucei with more prevalence of T. congolense remained the main constraint to animal production and ag...

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence and Monetary Loss Attributed to Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwestern Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine hydatidosis from November 2015 to June 2016 with ... more A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine hydatidosis from November 2015 to June 2016 with the objectives of investigating its prevalence and Monetary loss in cattle slaughtered in Jimma municipality abattoir. Routine ante mortem and post-mortem inspection was performed on a total of 400 selected slaughtered cattle. Infection organs 223 cattle positive, 200 (89.7%) had cysts more in lungs, 20 (8.9%) in liver, 1 (0.45%) in kidney, 1(0.45%) in spleen, whereas, the rest of 1(0.45%) in heart infections involved organs. A significant association was observed (P<0.05) between the disease positivity and age groups, body condition. It was concluded that these zonotic cestodes deserve due attention to safeguard public health and that further studies are needed on epidemiology and public health importance of Echinococcus granulosus in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Veterinary Sciences, 2020

Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of pove... more Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of poverty alleviation for several social classes. Infectious diseases can therefore significantly impact the economy and welfare. Despite infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) being present, the knowledge of their epidemiology and impact is extremely limited. In the present work, a cross-sectional study based on 500 tracheal swabs collected from 50 intensive and backyard unvaccinated flocks of the Jimma Zone was performed to investigate the circulation of these viruses and molecularly characterize them. IBV and aMPV presence was tested by molecular assays, and genotyping was carried out on positive samples. Accordingly, 6% (95% CI 2.06% to 16.22%) and 8% (95% CI 3.15% to 18.84%) of flocks tested IBV and aMPV positive, respectively. Particularly, IBV 793B (GI-13) strains were detected in backyard flocks only, and identical or closely related sequences (p-distance &l...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Prevalence of Ovine Fasciolosis in Busa Town, Dawo Woreda, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2019

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to November 2018 to determine the prevalence... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to November 2018 to determine the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis in Oromia region, South West Shoa, 285 fecal samples were randomly collected directly from the rectum of individual animals. Parasitological investigation was performed using sedimentation technique. From 285 coprologically examined sheep, 150 animals found positive for fasciolosis with an overall prevalence of 52.63%. Difference in prevalence rate observed among the three study sites from which the samples were collected. Hence, the prevalence rates recorded were 46.6% in Qarsa Galute 23.3% in Qarsabonbi and 30% BurqaGode. The difference in the prevalence in the three study sites was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The prevalence of ovine fasciolosis was computed for the different age, sex and season categories. The prevalence rate of fasciolosis in young sheep 20% was less than in adults sheep 80% and the difference were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of fasciolosis in two sex groups in the present study was 66.66%, 33.33%in female and male respectively. The difference in the prevalence was not significant (p>0.05). Seasonal prevalence of ovine fasciolosis the highest prevalence was

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Ovine Lung Worm in and around Jimma, South West Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2018

A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 in and around Jimma to de... more A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 in and around Jimma to determine the prevalence of ovine lungworm infection, and to identify predominant lungworm species involved in the area. In this study feacal samples were taken from 293 sheep of all age groups, from both extensive and semi-intensive management systems, body condition score and both sexes were examined using modified Baerman technique to see the prevalence of lung worm by extracting L1 larvae from the processed feacal sample. The present study indicated that 67 sheep (22.9% of the total 293 examined sheep) were found infected with different types of lung worm species. The infection rate between male and female animals showed nonsignificant difference (p> 0.05) with prevalence of 23.4% in females and 22.3% in males. The prevalence of lung worm in different age groups (23%, 27% and 29.9% in animals with < 6 months of age, 6-24 months of age and in animals with >24 months of age respectively), age group showed no significance difference. There was a significant difference (P<0.004) in the prevalence of lungworm infection with respect to management 14.8% in semi-intensive and 29.1% in extensive management systems were found respectively. In the case of body condition prevalence rates of (13.6% in good, 22.7% in medium and 29.9% in poor body conditioned animals) were found with p=0.023 with statistically significant association (P< 0.05). D.filaria was found the dominant lung worm species in the study area with 40 (59.7%) of the total infection followed by M.capillaris (25.4%). Mixed infection of these two species was found the least prevalent case in the study area involved only in 14.9% of the total prevalence rate. The result of this study indicated that lungworm infection in sheep is common parasite which induces heavy economic loss that needs greater attention due to its impact on sheep production of the study area. Therefore an appropriate control and prevention intervention should be carried out in order to reduce the losses associated with the parasite.

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and its Associated Risk Factors in Becho District, South West Shewa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

ARC Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2019

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2019 to November 2019 to determine seroprev... more A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2019 to November 2019 to determine seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis, potential risk factors, knowledge-attitude and practice of cattle owners about brucellosis in Gambella and Itang districts Gambella regional state. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from local breed cattle of above six months of age. The RBPT screened 19 Brucella seropositive out of 400 (4.75%) (95% CI 1.04-8.05) and positive sera were further retested by using CFT and the combined result (RBPT and CFT tests) 8 (2%) (95% CI: 0.75-3.2) sera were confirmed seropositive. Out of 80 herds included in the study, 6(7.5%) (95% CI: 4.6-17.2) were seropositive using CFT with at least one seropositive animal in the herd. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2 and 7.5% at animal and herd level respectively. Besides, information was gathered on individual animal and herd to assess risk factors using a semi-structured questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that herd size (

Research paper thumbnail of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

BMC Veterinary Research, 2019

Background: Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene may influence scrapie susceptibility in small... more Background: Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene may influence scrapie susceptibility in small ruminants through modified protein conformation. At least 47 amino acid substitutions and 19 silent polymorphisms have been described in goat PRNP reported from several countries. The objective of this study was to investigate PRNP polymorphisms of native Ethiopian goat breeds and compare the results with other goat breeds. Results: The analysis of the prion protein gene PRNP in 229 goats belonging to three of the main Ethiopian native goat breeds showed a remarkably high frequency (> 34.6%) of p.(Asn146Ser) in these breeds, a variant involved in scrapie resistance in Cyprus. In addition, two novel amino-acid substitutions p.(Gly127Ala) and p.(Thr193Ile), with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 7.3% were detected. Both amino acids are well conserved in prion proteins (PrP) of most species and these changes have never been reported before in goats worldwide. Residue 127 is within the N-terminal domain of PrP and is probably involved in the recruitment of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM). Residue 193 is within the highly conserved string of 4 threonines that plays a role in determining the efficiency of prion protein conversion towards its pathological form. Conclusion: Two novel coding polymorphisms and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant indicate a high level of genetic diversity in PRNP of Ethiopian goats. This finding increases the interest in exploring PRNP polymorphisms of native goat breeds in areas where cross breeding with foreign goats has rarely occurred.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Ovine Fasciolosis in and Around Chole Woreda, Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-section study was carried out from November, 2015 to march, 2016 with the aim determining... more A cross-section study was carried out from November, 2015 to march, 2016 with the aim determining the prevalence of on ovine fasciolosis in and around choleworeda. Fecal sample were collected from a total of 384 sheep of all age and sex. Sedimentation technique was used for the recovery of fasciola egg from fresh fecal. Sample from these animal examination 195 were positive with an overall infection rate of 50.8% significant different (P<0.05), the highest infection rate was found in shaboshuli (63.1%) and the lowest (40.5%) in Ya'Igugu, through statically a significant different (P<0.05). There was no statically significant different (P>0.05) in infection rates between male and female animal. Infection rate in age group were significant difference (P<0.05). In general, the study indicates that ovine fasciolosis is widely distributed disease with high prevalence rate in the study area and trategic use of helminthic should be to reduce pasture contamination with fluke's eggs.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Ovine Lungworm in Goba District, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Goba district, Bale zone, south east Ethiopia, from Nove... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in Goba district, Bale zone, south east Ethiopia, from November, 2015 to March, 2016 with aim of determining the prevalence of ovine lungworm infection, to assess associated risk factors, and identification of species of lungworm which circulate in study area by using coproscopic examination and questionnaire survey. In this study faecal samples were randomly collected from 384 sheep of different age groups, body conditions, sexes and PAs with various altitudes. Then, (L1) were extracted by Modified Baerman technique and examined under low magnification power of Compound Microscope. The finding indicate that 217 (56.5%) were infected with different species of lungworm; namely, Dictyocaulus filaria (28.4%), Muellerius capillaries (10.7%), Protostrongylus rufescens (7.6%), and mixed infection (9.9%). There were statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of lungworm infection with regard to age (< 1year 62.0% and > 1 year 51.0%) and PAs (Faasil angeesso 78.1%, Illasa 52.1% and Ashuuta 39.1%); however, sexes (female 59.9% and male 53.1%) and body conditions (poor 60.9%, medium 57.0%, and good 51.6%) were insignificant (p> 0.05). In Parallel, questionnaire surveys on history of antihelmintic usage, manifestation of respiratory signs, and place where animal kept were undertaken on the same animals that were sampled for coproscopic examination. Accordingly, the prevalence of lungworm infection with antihelmintic usage (none dewormed 67.5% and dewormed 44.6%), manifestation of respiratory sign (No 44.1%, and yes 68.2%), and place where animal kept (forest area 38.1%, and swampy 67.9%) and statistically all considered factors for questionnaire survey are highly significant (p=0.000). As conclusion, our work revealed that lungworm belongs to the major respiratory helminthes that affect the health and productivity of sheep in the study area; therefore, attention should be given for the control and prevention to reduce the current high prevalence.

Research paper thumbnail of Further studies on Bovine Ixodide Ticks in and around Bedelle, Southwest Ethiopia

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017

Considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was cond... more Considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was conducted for epidemiological characterization of common ticks infesting Ethiopian cattle between November 2013 and March 2014 period at various locations of Bedelle region. A total of 384 cattle were examined on random basis throughout the five months, out of which 231 cattle were found to be infested with ticks (60.12%). On the basis of morphological studies, a total of 2108 ticks belonging to three genera (that is, Amblyomma, Boophilus and Rhipicephalus) were collected during the study period. The species of ticks encountered in this study comprise of Amblyomma coherence (32.97%), Ambylomma gemma (4.6%), Ambylomma lepidum (3.7%), Amblyomma variegatum (3.98%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (31.87%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (22.87%). Furthermore, the present study showed a significant difference in the prevalence of tick infestation among the different age groups with higher prevalence in cattle with age >6 years (79.07%), whereas no statistically significant association was observed among breed, sex groups and different localities of the studied region (P > 0.05). Additionally, the results indicated that the favorable predilection sites of Ambylomma species were axilla, scrotum, udder, and belly/groin, while adult R. evertsi-evertsi had a strong predilection for tail as well as ano-vulva areas. Further studies on factors affecting tick burden and tick control strategies are recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Small Ruminants Lungworm in Asella Municipal Abattoir, Arsi Zone, South East Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 in Asella municipal Abatto... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 in Asella municipal Abattoir, south east Ethiopia, with the objectives to determine the prevalence, identifying the species of lungworms involved and assesses possible risk factors of lungworms in small ruminants. For this purpose, lungs and fecal samples were collected by using simple random method from a total of 384 small ruminants were examined for the presence of lungworms. The overall prevalence of lung worm infection in the study was 51.0% and 53.1% in coprological examinations were found by Modified Baeremannes technique and postmortem findings, respectively. The specific prevalence of lungworms in the study area was 31.2% in goats and 57.4% in sheep. Animal species, sex, body condition and age were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of lungworms. Statistically significant (P<0.05) difference was noticed in the prevalence of lungworms between species of animals. However, there were no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lungworms was observed among different body condition, age and sexes of study animals (p>0.05).The prevalence of species of lungworm identified were Muellerius capillaris (19.3), Dictyocaulus filaria (18.2%), protostrongylus refuscens and mixed infection (9.4 %) were identified during this study. In conclusion, due to its impact on production and health of small ruminants, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of lungworm infection in this area.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitic Cause of Organ and Carcass Condemnation in Small Ruminant Slaughtered at Helmex Abattoir, Debrezeit, Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

The aim of this study was to identity and determines the parasitic cause of organ and carcass con... more The aim of this study was to identity and determines the parasitic cause of organ and carcass condemnation and to estimate the magnitude of the direct economic losses attributed to the condemned organs and carcasses from sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Standard ante mortem and post mortem inspection procedure were followed throughout the study period. A total of 140 small ruminants were inspected for ante mortem in the lair age and abnormalities encountered were recorded. In addition to this post mortem examination was also conducted on 589 animals to detect parasitic causes that rendered each organ and carcass to reject from local and international market. During the study period the total of 1536 small ruminates organs and carcasses were examined and revealed that 377(24.5%)liver, 197(12.8) lungs,15 (0.97%) hearts ,0(0%) ,kidney and 0(0%) carcasses were rejected due to parasitic causes: Fasciolosis (10.28%) ,Hydrated cyst (9.75%), Cysticercus tenuicollis (13.51%), Stellesia hepatica (21.34%), lung worm (19.78%),and Cysticercus Ovis (0.97%) were found to be the parasitic causes responsible for the rejection of respective organs. From the total organs inspected 38.34% organs of sheep and goats were rejected from the market and the annual losses due to the rejection of organs from small ruminants slaughtered in the abattoir is estimated to be 47272.5USD. Finally conclusions are drawn and recommendations are forwarded:

Research paper thumbnail of Salmonella serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility in apparently healthy dogs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BMC veterinary research, Jan 19, 2017

The close bond between pet animals and family members poses risk of infection with zoonotic bacte... more The close bond between pet animals and family members poses risk of infection with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella. No data is available on occurrence of Salmonella in dogs in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from feces of apparently healthy dogs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Of the total 360 dogs examined, 42 (11.7%; 95% Confidence limit of 8.5%-15.4%) were positive for Salmonella. Fourteen serotypes were detected and the predominant ones were S. Bronx (n = 7; 16.7%), S. Newport (n = 6; 14.3%), followed by S. Typhimurium, S. Indiana, S. Kentucky, S. Saintpaul and S. Virchow (n = 4; 9.5%) each. Salmonella infection status was significantly associated with history of symptom of diarrhea during the past 60 days (OR = 3.78; CI = 1.76-8.13; p = 0). Highest resistance rates were found for oxytetracycline (59.5%), neomycin (50%), streptomycin (38.1%), cephalothin (33.3%),...

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

Table of the genotypes combinations of Prion protein gene in native Ethiopian goats.. (PDF 423 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

Prion protein gene polymorphism in native Ethiopian goats. Excel file that include all informatio... more Prion protein gene polymorphism in native Ethiopian goats. Excel file that include all information related to each single goat in the three Ethiopian regions. For each goat, information regarding sex, age in months and the related prion polymorphisms are reported. (XLS 60 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 2: of Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia

Raw data of sheep and goats. (XLSX 17Â kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia

Map of study districts. (JPG 324Â kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Gechi District, Buno Bedelle Zone, South West Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

Fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. The aim of stud... more Fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of cattle in Ethiopia. The aim of study was to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle A cross-sectional survey was carried out from July 2015 to October 2015 on bovine fasciolosis in Gechi district, Buno Bedlele Zone of Oromia Regional state at south western part of Ethiopia. For this, a total of 384 feacal samples were randomly collected from local breed cattle and all samples were subjected to standard sedimentation test at Animal Health laboratory of Bedele regional station; Oromia, Ethiopia. In the laboratory coproscopic examination were performed to detect the presence of Fasciola egg. Fresh fecal samples for parasitological examination were collected directly from the rectum by using disposable plastic gloves and placed in clean screw capped universal bottles. Each sample was labeled with date of submission, age, sex, body condition and place of origin (PAs). Samples were preserved with 10% formalin solution. The overall prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was found to be 23.7% from 91 positive samples. From the various risk factor analyzed, age categories of cattle, sex, body conditions and PAs influence were found to be non-significantly associated (p>0.05) with the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis. When considered the relationship with sex it was observed that male (23.40%) and female (23.97%), in young age (23.72%) and adult (23.68%). As regards to body condition, poor (23.75%) and good (23.66%) was recorded; and the prevalence was varying among PAs that is lower (23.07%) and higher (24.44%) in different PAs of the study area. It can be concluded that these risk factors need to be taken in consideration when designing effective fasciolosis control management system for cattle in Ethiopia.

Research paper thumbnail of Major Causes of Liver Condemnation and Associated Direct Financial Losses in Bovine Saughtered at Assela Municipal Abattoir Arsi, South Eastern Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2017

A study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 on cattle slaughtered at Assela municipal... more A study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 on cattle slaughtered at Assela municipal abattoir with the aim of determining major causes of liver condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver. Ante mortem and post mortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities encountered were recorded. A total of 384 cattle were examined at ante mortem and 9 animals were found to have abnormalities/conditions like lameness, blindness, rough hair, amputated tail and branding. Out of 384 cattle slaughtered, 274 (71.4%) livers were totally condemned. The major causes of liver condemnation were due to hydatidosis (64.6%), fascilosis (20.8%), calcification (7.7%), coinfection of hydatid cyst with fasciola (4.7%), cirrhosis (1.5%) and abscess (0.7%). Comparison of liver condemnation rate was carried out for different age, animal origin and body condition however, statistically significant difference was observed on...

Research paper thumbnail of Phenotypic Characterization, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Profile and Risk Factors of Escherichia Colio157:H7 Isolated from Cattle Meat at Jimma Ethiopia

American Journal of BioScience, 2021

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered the most prevalent food borne pathogen that has gained inc... more Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered the most prevalent food borne pathogen that has gained increasing attention worldwide in recent years. A cross sectional study was undertaken from January 2018 to September 2018 on carcass swab and utensil at slaughter house as well as meat and utensil obtained from butcher shop at Jimma town to isolate identify and assess association risk factor of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. From total of 288 samples 51 of them were biochemically positive for Escherichia coli. From those isolated by biochemical tests four of them were found to be positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain as confirmed by Biolog incubation manual. Among the samples (144) from slaughter house examined 3 of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. Two of the isolates were identified from carcass and one from hanging up wire at slaughter house while the rest one was from meat at butcher shop. The ant...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Bovine Trypanasomosis in Guto Gida District of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2014

A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in f... more A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five peasant associations of Guto Gida District of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia from October 2013 to March 2014. From five peasant association, 384 cattle were randomly selected and examined for trypanosomosis. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 7.81% of which Trypanosoma congolense infection was 53.33%, Trypanosoma vivax infection was 30% and Trypanosoma brucei was 16.66% with statistically significant difference (P=0.00). A significant association was observed (P<0.05) between the disease positivity and body condition score. When the mean packed cell volume of trypanosome infected animals was compared with that of non- infected animals, it was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the infected animals. In conclusion, trypanosomosis caused by T. congolense, T. vivax and T.brucei with more prevalence of T. congolense remained the main constraint to animal production and ag...

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence and Monetary Loss Attributed to Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwestern Ethiopia

The Journal of medical research, 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine hydatidosis from November 2015 to June 2016 with ... more A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine hydatidosis from November 2015 to June 2016 with the objectives of investigating its prevalence and Monetary loss in cattle slaughtered in Jimma municipality abattoir. Routine ante mortem and post-mortem inspection was performed on a total of 400 selected slaughtered cattle. Infection organs 223 cattle positive, 200 (89.7%) had cysts more in lungs, 20 (8.9%) in liver, 1 (0.45%) in kidney, 1(0.45%) in spleen, whereas, the rest of 1(0.45%) in heart infections involved organs. A significant association was observed (P<0.05) between the disease positivity and age groups, body condition. It was concluded that these zonotic cestodes deserve due attention to safeguard public health and that further studies are needed on epidemiology and public health importance of Echinococcus granulosus in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Veterinary Sciences, 2020

Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of pove... more Poultry production plays a relevant role in the Ethiopian economy and represents a source of poverty alleviation for several social classes. Infectious diseases can therefore significantly impact the economy and welfare. Despite infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) being present, the knowledge of their epidemiology and impact is extremely limited. In the present work, a cross-sectional study based on 500 tracheal swabs collected from 50 intensive and backyard unvaccinated flocks of the Jimma Zone was performed to investigate the circulation of these viruses and molecularly characterize them. IBV and aMPV presence was tested by molecular assays, and genotyping was carried out on positive samples. Accordingly, 6% (95% CI 2.06% to 16.22%) and 8% (95% CI 3.15% to 18.84%) of flocks tested IBV and aMPV positive, respectively. Particularly, IBV 793B (GI-13) strains were detected in backyard flocks only, and identical or closely related sequences (p-distance &l...

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Prevalence of Ovine Fasciolosis in Busa Town, Dawo Woreda, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2019

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to November 2018 to determine the prevalence... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to November 2018 to determine the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis in Oromia region, South West Shoa, 285 fecal samples were randomly collected directly from the rectum of individual animals. Parasitological investigation was performed using sedimentation technique. From 285 coprologically examined sheep, 150 animals found positive for fasciolosis with an overall prevalence of 52.63%. Difference in prevalence rate observed among the three study sites from which the samples were collected. Hence, the prevalence rates recorded were 46.6% in Qarsa Galute 23.3% in Qarsabonbi and 30% BurqaGode. The difference in the prevalence in the three study sites was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The prevalence of ovine fasciolosis was computed for the different age, sex and season categories. The prevalence rate of fasciolosis in young sheep 20% was less than in adults sheep 80% and the difference were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of fasciolosis in two sex groups in the present study was 66.66%, 33.33%in female and male respectively. The difference in the prevalence was not significant (p>0.05). Seasonal prevalence of ovine fasciolosis the highest prevalence was

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Ovine Lung Worm in and around Jimma, South West Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2018

A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 in and around Jimma to de... more A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to June, 2018 in and around Jimma to determine the prevalence of ovine lungworm infection, and to identify predominant lungworm species involved in the area. In this study feacal samples were taken from 293 sheep of all age groups, from both extensive and semi-intensive management systems, body condition score and both sexes were examined using modified Baerman technique to see the prevalence of lung worm by extracting L1 larvae from the processed feacal sample. The present study indicated that 67 sheep (22.9% of the total 293 examined sheep) were found infected with different types of lung worm species. The infection rate between male and female animals showed nonsignificant difference (p> 0.05) with prevalence of 23.4% in females and 22.3% in males. The prevalence of lung worm in different age groups (23%, 27% and 29.9% in animals with < 6 months of age, 6-24 months of age and in animals with >24 months of age respectively), age group showed no significance difference. There was a significant difference (P<0.004) in the prevalence of lungworm infection with respect to management 14.8% in semi-intensive and 29.1% in extensive management systems were found respectively. In the case of body condition prevalence rates of (13.6% in good, 22.7% in medium and 29.9% in poor body conditioned animals) were found with p=0.023 with statistically significant association (P< 0.05). D.filaria was found the dominant lung worm species in the study area with 40 (59.7%) of the total infection followed by M.capillaris (25.4%). Mixed infection of these two species was found the least prevalent case in the study area involved only in 14.9% of the total prevalence rate. The result of this study indicated that lungworm infection in sheep is common parasite which induces heavy economic loss that needs greater attention due to its impact on sheep production of the study area. Therefore an appropriate control and prevention intervention should be carried out in order to reduce the losses associated with the parasite.

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and its Associated Risk Factors in Becho District, South West Shewa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

ARC Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2019

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2019 to November 2019 to determine seroprev... more A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2019 to November 2019 to determine seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis, potential risk factors, knowledge-attitude and practice of cattle owners about brucellosis in Gambella and Itang districts Gambella regional state. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from local breed cattle of above six months of age. The RBPT screened 19 Brucella seropositive out of 400 (4.75%) (95% CI 1.04-8.05) and positive sera were further retested by using CFT and the combined result (RBPT and CFT tests) 8 (2%) (95% CI: 0.75-3.2) sera were confirmed seropositive. Out of 80 herds included in the study, 6(7.5%) (95% CI: 4.6-17.2) were seropositive using CFT with at least one seropositive animal in the herd. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2 and 7.5% at animal and herd level respectively. Besides, information was gathered on individual animal and herd to assess risk factors using a semi-structured questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that herd size (

Research paper thumbnail of Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats

BMC Veterinary Research, 2019

Background: Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene may influence scrapie susceptibility in small... more Background: Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene may influence scrapie susceptibility in small ruminants through modified protein conformation. At least 47 amino acid substitutions and 19 silent polymorphisms have been described in goat PRNP reported from several countries. The objective of this study was to investigate PRNP polymorphisms of native Ethiopian goat breeds and compare the results with other goat breeds. Results: The analysis of the prion protein gene PRNP in 229 goats belonging to three of the main Ethiopian native goat breeds showed a remarkably high frequency (> 34.6%) of p.(Asn146Ser) in these breeds, a variant involved in scrapie resistance in Cyprus. In addition, two novel amino-acid substitutions p.(Gly127Ala) and p.(Thr193Ile), with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 7.3% were detected. Both amino acids are well conserved in prion proteins (PrP) of most species and these changes have never been reported before in goats worldwide. Residue 127 is within the N-terminal domain of PrP and is probably involved in the recruitment of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM). Residue 193 is within the highly conserved string of 4 threonines that plays a role in determining the efficiency of prion protein conversion towards its pathological form. Conclusion: Two novel coding polymorphisms and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant indicate a high level of genetic diversity in PRNP of Ethiopian goats. This finding increases the interest in exploring PRNP polymorphisms of native goat breeds in areas where cross breeding with foreign goats has rarely occurred.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Ovine Fasciolosis in and Around Chole Woreda, Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-section study was carried out from November, 2015 to march, 2016 with the aim determining... more A cross-section study was carried out from November, 2015 to march, 2016 with the aim determining the prevalence of on ovine fasciolosis in and around choleworeda. Fecal sample were collected from a total of 384 sheep of all age and sex. Sedimentation technique was used for the recovery of fasciola egg from fresh fecal. Sample from these animal examination 195 were positive with an overall infection rate of 50.8% significant different (P<0.05), the highest infection rate was found in shaboshuli (63.1%) and the lowest (40.5%) in Ya'Igugu, through statically a significant different (P<0.05). There was no statically significant different (P>0.05) in infection rates between male and female animal. Infection rate in age group were significant difference (P<0.05). In general, the study indicates that ovine fasciolosis is widely distributed disease with high prevalence rate in the study area and trategic use of helminthic should be to reduce pasture contamination with fluke's eggs.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Ovine Lungworm in Goba District, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Goba district, Bale zone, south east Ethiopia, from Nove... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in Goba district, Bale zone, south east Ethiopia, from November, 2015 to March, 2016 with aim of determining the prevalence of ovine lungworm infection, to assess associated risk factors, and identification of species of lungworm which circulate in study area by using coproscopic examination and questionnaire survey. In this study faecal samples were randomly collected from 384 sheep of different age groups, body conditions, sexes and PAs with various altitudes. Then, (L1) were extracted by Modified Baerman technique and examined under low magnification power of Compound Microscope. The finding indicate that 217 (56.5%) were infected with different species of lungworm; namely, Dictyocaulus filaria (28.4%), Muellerius capillaries (10.7%), Protostrongylus rufescens (7.6%), and mixed infection (9.9%). There were statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of lungworm infection with regard to age (< 1year 62.0% and > 1 year 51.0%) and PAs (Faasil angeesso 78.1%, Illasa 52.1% and Ashuuta 39.1%); however, sexes (female 59.9% and male 53.1%) and body conditions (poor 60.9%, medium 57.0%, and good 51.6%) were insignificant (p> 0.05). In Parallel, questionnaire surveys on history of antihelmintic usage, manifestation of respiratory signs, and place where animal kept were undertaken on the same animals that were sampled for coproscopic examination. Accordingly, the prevalence of lungworm infection with antihelmintic usage (none dewormed 67.5% and dewormed 44.6%), manifestation of respiratory sign (No 44.1%, and yes 68.2%), and place where animal kept (forest area 38.1%, and swampy 67.9%) and statistically all considered factors for questionnaire survey are highly significant (p=0.000). As conclusion, our work revealed that lungworm belongs to the major respiratory helminthes that affect the health and productivity of sheep in the study area; therefore, attention should be given for the control and prevention to reduce the current high prevalence.

Research paper thumbnail of Further studies on Bovine Ixodide Ticks in and around Bedelle, Southwest Ethiopia

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017

Considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was cond... more Considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was conducted for epidemiological characterization of common ticks infesting Ethiopian cattle between November 2013 and March 2014 period at various locations of Bedelle region. A total of 384 cattle were examined on random basis throughout the five months, out of which 231 cattle were found to be infested with ticks (60.12%). On the basis of morphological studies, a total of 2108 ticks belonging to three genera (that is, Amblyomma, Boophilus and Rhipicephalus) were collected during the study period. The species of ticks encountered in this study comprise of Amblyomma coherence (32.97%), Ambylomma gemma (4.6%), Ambylomma lepidum (3.7%), Amblyomma variegatum (3.98%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (31.87%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (22.87%). Furthermore, the present study showed a significant difference in the prevalence of tick infestation among the different age groups with higher prevalence in cattle with age >6 years (79.07%), whereas no statistically significant association was observed among breed, sex groups and different localities of the studied region (P > 0.05). Additionally, the results indicated that the favorable predilection sites of Ambylomma species were axilla, scrotum, udder, and belly/groin, while adult R. evertsi-evertsi had a strong predilection for tail as well as ano-vulva areas. Further studies on factors affecting tick burden and tick control strategies are recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Study on Prevalence of Small Ruminants Lungworm in Asella Municipal Abattoir, Arsi Zone, South East Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 in Asella municipal Abatto... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015 in Asella municipal Abattoir, south east Ethiopia, with the objectives to determine the prevalence, identifying the species of lungworms involved and assesses possible risk factors of lungworms in small ruminants. For this purpose, lungs and fecal samples were collected by using simple random method from a total of 384 small ruminants were examined for the presence of lungworms. The overall prevalence of lung worm infection in the study was 51.0% and 53.1% in coprological examinations were found by Modified Baeremannes technique and postmortem findings, respectively. The specific prevalence of lungworms in the study area was 31.2% in goats and 57.4% in sheep. Animal species, sex, body condition and age were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of lungworms. Statistically significant (P<0.05) difference was noticed in the prevalence of lungworms between species of animals. However, there were no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lungworms was observed among different body condition, age and sexes of study animals (p>0.05).The prevalence of species of lungworm identified were Muellerius capillaris (19.3), Dictyocaulus filaria (18.2%), protostrongylus refuscens and mixed infection (9.4 %) were identified during this study. In conclusion, due to its impact on production and health of small ruminants, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of lungworm infection in this area.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitic Cause of Organ and Carcass Condemnation in Small Ruminant Slaughtered at Helmex Abattoir, Debrezeit, Ethiopia

International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 2017

The aim of this study was to identity and determines the parasitic cause of organ and carcass con... more The aim of this study was to identity and determines the parasitic cause of organ and carcass condemnation and to estimate the magnitude of the direct economic losses attributed to the condemned organs and carcasses from sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Standard ante mortem and post mortem inspection procedure were followed throughout the study period. A total of 140 small ruminants were inspected for ante mortem in the lair age and abnormalities encountered were recorded. In addition to this post mortem examination was also conducted on 589 animals to detect parasitic causes that rendered each organ and carcass to reject from local and international market. During the study period the total of 1536 small ruminates organs and carcasses were examined and revealed that 377(24.5%)liver, 197(12.8) lungs,15 (0.97%) hearts ,0(0%) ,kidney and 0(0%) carcasses were rejected due to parasitic causes: Fasciolosis (10.28%) ,Hydrated cyst (9.75%), Cysticercus tenuicollis (13.51%), Stellesia hepatica (21.34%), lung worm (19.78%),and Cysticercus Ovis (0.97%) were found to be the parasitic causes responsible for the rejection of respective organs. From the total organs inspected 38.34% organs of sheep and goats were rejected from the market and the annual losses due to the rejection of organs from small ruminants slaughtered in the abattoir is estimated to be 47272.5USD. Finally conclusions are drawn and recommendations are forwarded:

Research paper thumbnail of Salmonella serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility in apparently healthy dogs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BMC veterinary research, Jan 19, 2017

The close bond between pet animals and family members poses risk of infection with zoonotic bacte... more The close bond between pet animals and family members poses risk of infection with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella. No data is available on occurrence of Salmonella in dogs in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from feces of apparently healthy dogs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Of the total 360 dogs examined, 42 (11.7%; 95% Confidence limit of 8.5%-15.4%) were positive for Salmonella. Fourteen serotypes were detected and the predominant ones were S. Bronx (n = 7; 16.7%), S. Newport (n = 6; 14.3%), followed by S. Typhimurium, S. Indiana, S. Kentucky, S. Saintpaul and S. Virchow (n = 4; 9.5%) each. Salmonella infection status was significantly associated with history of symptom of diarrhea during the past 60 days (OR = 3.78; CI = 1.76-8.13; p = 0). Highest resistance rates were found for oxytetracycline (59.5%), neomycin (50%), streptomycin (38.1%), cephalothin (33.3%),...