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Papers by Multidisciplines Publications
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Avicennia officinalis L. (AOL) has shown promise for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti... more Avicennia officinalis L. (AOL) has shown promise for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. However, there is no research on the toxicity of this plant in Vietnam. The acute and sub-acute toxicology study proved that AOL leaf extracts are practically non-toxic in normal mice. Acute toxicity assessment was conducted with single oral doses of AOL extract (2500, 3100, 4100, and 5000 mg/kg). In sub-acute toxicity, mice were administered daily oral doses of AOL extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. Blood was collected from the heart, liver, and kidneys for further analysis. The comprehensive results revealed an oral median lethal dose (LD50) exceeding 5000 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity. A sub-acute study (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) showed no deaths or weight gain. At both doses, the standardized AOL extracts decreased serum aspartate transaminase activity. Administration of the 200 mg/kg group significantly increased blood urea levels; however, histological examination of mouse kidneys in this group revealed no signal of damage. Histological examination of mouse livers revealed mild degeneration, possibly due to the use of adult mice and potentially unrelated to the extract. This study emphasizes AOL's potential for further pharmacological testing based on its low acute toxicity and promising results.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are co... more Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are considered pests of major field crops. In Nepal, factors such as monoculture cropping patterns, forest fragmentation, degradation of natural habitats, and changing agricultural practices contribute to increased monkey menace and human-macaque conflict. Factors such as cropping season, food resource distribution, crop variety, wild food availability, and distance from forests and farms influence the frequency and intensity of crop raiding. This study introduced non-human primates, their status, and availability in Nepal, and analyzed different crops raided by monkeys along the Buddhi Gandaki River, frequency and crop raiding season of monkeys in Jhor Mahankal and Goldhunga and suggested some solution measures for the monkey menace in Nepal. Maize was the most raided crop, while pumpkin was the least. The total percentage of crops raided was 24.62%, with an average crop loss of 29.24%. Crop raiding was most prevalent during the spring season (45%), followed by the rainy season (39%), and least prevalent during the winter season (16%). Rhesus macaques refrained from raiding crops with bitter or spicy flavors, such as turmeric, bitter gourd, chili, ginger, and mustard. The suggested control measures need to be followed to mitigate the monkey menace and manage the human-wildlife conflict.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, susta... more Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and livelihoods in Nepal. This article provides a comprehensive review of FSR in Nepal, focusing on concepts, design, and methodology for optimizing farming systems. Integrated farming systems have emerged as a key strategy for small and marginal farmers to improve livelihood security and meet household needs for nutrition and income. By integrating various components such as crops, livestock, and agroforestry, farmers can enhance resource use efficiency, diversify income sources, and improve resilience to climate change impacts. FSR in Nepal combines scientific research, community engagement, and local knowledge to enhance agricultural sustainability and improve livelihoods for small-scale farmers. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) plays a crucial role in developing a national research agenda and allocating resources to address the diverse technological needs of farmers. By integrating diverse perspectives, utilizing innovative technologies, and engaging stakeholders, FSR addresses agricultural system complexities and contributes to food security, environmental sustainability, and rural development.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit,... more In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit, a fruit that is both popular and economically important. One particular practice that has gained recognition is top-working, which involves grafting new scions onto existing rootstocks. This horticultural technique has shown promise in improving yield, disease resistance, and overall productivity in orchards. This comprehensive review paper examines the different methods used in top working for kiwifruit cultivation, explores the factors that influence its success, and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this practice. This review provides an overview of various techniques used for the top-working kiwifruit plants in Nepal. The success of top-working depends on factors such as timing, compatibility between scion and rootstock, grafting materials, and proper grafting techniques. This review paper also ranges over the importance of kiwifruit cultivation for Nepalese farmers, problems faced by them, persistent constraints in the country, and the future promise that kiwifruit cultivation holds for the economic advancement of the nation.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Given the growing craze for dietary supplements, it is essential to critically examine the safety... more Given the growing craze for dietary supplements, it is essential to critically examine the safety concerns surrounding their usage. There have been several cases of contaminated food-related mishaps in spite of numerous rules and laws in existence. We thus made an effort to find the existence of five antihistamines and four hypertensive in herbal items from the Vietnamese market, given the rising severity of this issue. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to screen 32 samples, which were typical of the many kinds of herbal products. The investigation included both intra-and inter-day precision as well as repeatability. For all analytes, the devised technique was proven to be exact, with %RSD lower than 6%. The LOD and LOQ of nine compounds were determined to be in the range of 0.15-0.30 mg/g and 0.50-1.00 mg/g, respectively (solid matrix sample); 0.075-0.150 mg/g; and 0.25-0.50 mg/g (liquid matrix sample). The intra-day variation's percentage RSD varies from 1.40 to 5.10. Nonetheless, the inter-day variation's percentage RSD fell between 3.10 and 6.60. As a result, the procedure may be used to analyze herbal dietary supplement samples that are in circulation in order to quality control the herbal products on the Vietnamese market.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecologic... more Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecological principles. This article explores agroecology's theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical evolution, along with its impact on modern agricultural methods. Agroecology looks at how biophysical and social elements combine to produce food sustainably, promote social justice, and protect the environment. The first section of the article looks at how agroecology developed as a scientific field, discussing its fundamental ideas, practices, and objectives-all of which emphasize participatory, adaptive, and holistic methodologies. The inquiry also looks into how agroecology might support biodiversity, resilience to climate change, and sustainable livelihoods. This article also explores the rise of agroecology as a movement driven by social activism, environmental consciousness, and a search for alternative food systems. After that, the article dives further into the history of agroecology, emphasizing the pioneers' contributions and the development of agroecological principles over time. The text goes on to outline the fundamental principles of agroecology. Its main objectives are enhancing resource efficiency, strengthening resilience, and ensuring social equality. This article discusses the practical applications of agroecology in various agricultural settings, such as permaculture, agroforestry, and agroecological farming systems. A few agro-ecology case studies have been described. Finally, the article highlights the future of food systems. The article concludes by highlighting the necessity of combining scientific understanding with indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge and stating that agro-ecology is viable for a more just and sustainable future for agriculture and food security.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
There has been a significant rise in attention and worry surrounding fresh produce. This is due t... more There has been a significant rise in attention and worry surrounding fresh produce. This is due to the response of consumers and marketers to widespread media coverage on the health impacts of microbial contaminants in food. Multiple studies have consistently found that high-quality and non-contaminated products have a higher demand compared to those that are contaminated with microbes. Given the growing demand for fresh food, it is necessary to examine the current research that focuses on the microbiological quality. So far, only a limited number of carefully conducted studies have been completed to develop viable therapies for managing microbial activity. Nevertheless, a slight elevation in the inclination of several therapies, including physical, chemical, biological, gaseous, and radiation methods, is noted. A proper treatment may elevate market value and consumer satisfaction. Prominent areas for future research can be identified and given special attention.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
In this research, three agricultural substrates, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor Horse S, and Sorghum b... more In this research, three agricultural substrates, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor Horse S, and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, were evaluated as growing media in commercial mushroom cultivation. Zea mays waste had the highest moisture content with a relatively high nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, and energy value compared with Sorghum bicolor Horse S and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, so the results indicate that Zea mays waste cultivated with different species of Pleurotus tested gave high-production oyster mushrooms with the highest biological efficiency and also a high total number of fruit bodies. P. floridans cultivated in Zea mays waste gave the best production by 182 gm, biological efficiency of 36.4%, and also a high number of fruit bodies (28) followed by P. pulmonarius on Sorghum bicolor Horse S waste, which gave production by 180 gm and also a high number of fruit bodies (27).
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Lemongrass is considered one of the most economic medicinal and aromatic plants, and there is a t... more Lemongrass is considered one of the most economic medicinal and aromatic plants, and there is a tendency to expand the production of such important plants in newly reclaimed soils, which often suffer from salt stresses. There are natural and synthetic substances that can help plants resist stress. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of using some natural substances, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE), Bacillus subtilis + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B+A), and synthetic substances, such as benzyl amino purine (BAP), on lemongrass plants exposed to salt stress imposed by irrigation at 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm levels. Results indicated that an increasing trend of carbohydrate content by growth stimulants was noticed as follows: Moringa leaf extract (MLE) >Bacillus subtilis + arbuscular mycorrhizal (B+M) > benzyl amino purine (BAP). Foliar application by growth stimulants increased free proline content. Application of MLE, followed by B+M, gave the highest values of the free proline content in the two cuts for the two seasons compared to the control. It was proven that total phenol content was affected by the different growth stimulant treatments. Foliar application of the growth stimulants increased the total phenol content compared to the control. However, application of MLE resulted in the highest values of total phenol content in the two cuts for the two seasons compared to the control. Among the growth stimulants used, foliar spraying with MLE, followed by microorganisms (B+M), shows a superior effect in decreasing the accumulation of sodium and chlorine compared to other stimulants, while improving potassium was obtained by the growth stimulants MLE, B+A, and BAP, respectively, in both seasons.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
The mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis is widespread throughout the subtropical coast and is kn... more The mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis is widespread throughout the subtropical coast and is known for its many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant. This study determined the physicochemical parameters of the standardized extract, qualitative by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC), qualitative total phenolic content, and the content of the marker compound by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compounds such as p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid have been found to be major phenolic acids in the leaves of this plant. These results provided useful information for the evaluation of the quality of Avicennia officinalis raw materials and its commercial products. The parameters of the ethanol extract of Avicennia officinalis leaves were obtained as follows: the loss of dry weight (10.9±2.09%), total ash content (22.31%), microbiological limits achieved to meet the requirements of medicinal standards, and total heavy metal content not detected. The content of total phenolics determined amounted to 81.83 mg GAE/g extract. The quantification method by HPLC was validated according to AOAC, and the content of two markers in the extract was p-coumaric acid (1.19 mg/g) and cinnamic acid (3.82 mg/g). The outputs of this research will be standardized extracts that's the source of medicinal plants in Vietnam.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
In women of childbearing age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and... more In women of childbearing age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic condition. Ovulatory dysfunction, clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and multiple cystic ovaries are the hallmarks of PCOS. Women who have PCOS may have irregular insulin activity in addition to other difficulties such as pattern hair loss, acne, obesity, infertility, and hirsutism. An unhealthy lifestyle, hereditary causes, androgen exposures, and neuroendocrine factors are frequently the causes of PCOS. This results in an unbalanced hormonal state, hyperandrogenism, high insulin, and inflammation. Due to the overlapping metabolic and endocrine issues, PCOS patients' cancer risk has been the subject of debate for decades. This review article examines the relationship between PCOS and various types of reproductive cancers, focusing on the possible reasons for cancer in PCOS patients.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
The Lamawan Pony Marine Protected Area (MPA) in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique, Philippines, was... more The Lamawan Pony Marine Protected Area (MPA) in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique, Philippines, was created to improve marine conservation and fisheries management. The socio-cultural component of this study deployed primarily Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and face-to-face surveys in four fishing communities. Findings from the surveys revealed that the MPA status is poor due to anthropogenic impacts. The knowledge of MPA presence is high (86%); however, the local perception of MPA sustainability is low (26%), due to fishing challenges. Despite these conditions, results suggest that increasing the no-take zone area to at least 20% of the total MPA size is necessary to achieve the goals set for an MPA. The data in this study are imperative for improving sustainable fishery management in the future that balances the economic needs of its coastal populace.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
This study aims to evaluate antiplatelet drug use and possible interactions that can occur during... more This study aims to evaluate antiplatelet drug use and possible interactions that can occur during acute myocardial infarction treatment. We establish a cross-sectional descriptive study with 380 acute myocardial infarction inpatient cases treated with antiplatelet drugs in Vietnam in 2021. In our study, the mean age is 69.3, and most patients are over sixty-five, accounting for 67.6%. Indicated antiplatelet drugs encompass aspirin (100%), clopidogrel (86.0%), and ticagrelor (42.6%). Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin-clopidogrel and aspirin-ticagrelor accounts for 86.0% and 42.6%, respectively. According to drugs.com and medscape.com, the results show three clinically significant combinations:aspirin-enalapril (37.4%), clopidogrel-esomeprazole (31.3%), and aspirin-captopril (20%). Of all discovered drug interactions, 28.1% are estimated as major and 38.8% as moderate (monitor closely). The results show that aspirin is considered the first-line drug, and the aspirin-clopidogrel combination is more common than aspirin-ticagrelor in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction patients. Aspirin-enalapril, clopidogrelesomeprazole, and aspirin-captopril are clinically significant interactions avoided in indicating.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Insufficiency of water is a growing global problem challenging sustainable development due to its... more Insufficiency of water is a growing global problem challenging sustainable development due to its limited water resources. This research aimed to 1) know about Bedouins' sources and uses of water in the Halaib study's area, 2) explore Bedouins' choice behavior towards desalinated water using consumption value theory, 3) determine factors related to Bedouins' choice behavior, and 4) determine the reasons for water contamination and propose solutions. Data were collected from a sample of 153 Bedouins through personal interviews using a questionnaire form in November 2021. Data were analyzed and presented using frequency, mean, and step-wise regression analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire (0.864) was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that desalinated water was the most popular clean water source in the examined area and that it was crucial for providing people with safe water. All Bedouins (100%) prefer using desalinated water for cleaning, animal watering, and irrigation. The mean score of respondents' perception of function value price is 5.78 (96.3% of the total score); the social value is 4.78 (79.67%); the function value quality is 4.57 (76.17%); and the emotional value is 4.49 (74.83%). The quality of the function value explains about 59.1% of the variance in Bedouins' choice behavior towards desalinated water, while the social value accounts for about 12.1% and the emotional value accounts for about 3.6%. There was sufficient evidence to disprove H4, H6, and H7. The results were used to provide suggestions for further research.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
This study aimed to estimate the physical and chemical properties of prickly pear fruits. Prickly... more This study aimed to estimate the physical and chemical properties of prickly pear fruits. Prickly pear fruit samples were collected from local markets in Dhamar, Yemen. The results showed that the mean weight of prickly pear fruits was 89.27 g, while the pulp, peel, seeds, and extracted juice weights were 47.57, 40.96, 3.52, and 37.07 g, respectively. The weight percentages of pulp, peel, seeds, and extracted juice were 53.72, 45.38, 3.79, and 34.85% of the fruit's weight, respectively. The chemical properties of prickly pear juice were: 86.83% moisture, 12.75 ˚brix total soluble solids, 13.17% total solids, 11.78% total sugars, 7.86% reducing sugar, 3.90% non-reducing sugar, 6.07 pH, 0.09% total acidity, and 28.41 mg/100 mL ascorbic acid content. The ˚brix/acidity ratio in prickly pear pulp extract was 178.87. These findings indicated that the prickly pear fruits that grow wild in Yemen possessed the majority of the desirable physicochemical properties, such as high soluble solids, low acidity, and a low seed content percentage, which make them marketable and exportable.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This ... more The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This study analyzed twelve genotypes (F1 hybrids) of L. brownii var. colchesteri for nine important cut flower characteristics. As part of pre-breeding, the variability analysis task for the studied traits was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses demonstrated significant variability among the genotypes for the studied cut-flower traits. The higher values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), coupled with higher heritability, along with the genetic advance expressed as a percentage mean (GAM), revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf burn, and flower diameter had demonstrated the prevalence of the additive type of gene action. The remaining cut flower traits, especially leaf width, number of flowers, length of outer tepal, the width of outer tepal, and days to flowering, proved to have a prevalence of the non-additive type of gene action. The mean performance of the cut flower traits provides information for effective progeny selection after hybridization. The performance of Ryunghoehyeon had been found to be outstanding for plant height, flower diameter, length of the outer tepal, width of the outer tepal, days to flowering, and the number of flowers.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Industrial effluents containing colored dyes have become a significant contributor to water pollu... more Industrial effluents containing colored dyes have become a significant contributor to water pollution, and since water is the most critical natural resource, it is a duty to treat it. In this study, Alternaria alternata was used as a biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature on biosorption were examined. The obtained results showed that the contact time required for maximum dye biosorption was 90 minutes. Furthermore, the amount of dye biosorbed increased as the pH of the solution increased, with 8 being the optimum pH. Biosorption reached its highest amount at 40 °C. Similarly, an initial concentration of 100 ppm of MB was preferred the most in biosorption. The results concluded that Alternaria alternata could be an attractive option for removing methylene blue from dye wastewater because of its high biosorption capacity and low cost.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Important routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles include physical and chemical processes, whic... more Important routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles include physical and chemical processes, which are typically costly and potentially dangerous to the environment. The assessment of eco-friendly chemistry or biological strategies for producing nanoparticles from plant extracts has attracted the interest of a large number of scientists in recent years. Before establishing a generally accepted method, researchers must investigate the plant-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles and their effects. It is gaining popularity because of its ability to facilitate the creation of alternative, safer, less toxic, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods. The synthesis of novel nanoparticles with the necessary properties is mandatory for the development of cosmetics, biomedicine, biosensors, nano-biotechnology, and other applications involving antibacterial, catalytic, electronic, electrochemical, and sensing processes. Environmental and biological fields have numerous possible uses for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. It attempts specifically to decrease the use of harmful chemicals. Typically, employing biological resources, such as plants, is harmless. Also found in plants are reducing and capping agents. Here, we discuss the advancement of green synthesis of nanoparticles, the most current applications, and future perspectives.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
The mangrove plant, Avicennia officinalis (L.), has long been utilized as an antioxidant, anti-in... more The mangrove plant, Avicennia officinalis (L.), has long been utilized as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent. In this study, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid were employed to simultaneously quantify common phenolic acids from leaf extract using a high-performance liquid chromatography method and a diode array detector. With a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 0.2% ammonium acetate/0.1% formic acid in the water, and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm); detection was carried out at 280 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively, were 0.025 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL. The recovery varied between 92.16 and 104.69%, whereas the relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day analyses ranged from 1.71 to 3.22%. The validated approach was effectively used to analyze the bioactive ingredients in A. officinalis, and it could be a helpful process for maintaining the quality of this plant. Additionally, the bioactive substances found in the plant's leaves have a great deal of potential to become a source of traditional Vietnamese medicine.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Turmeric has various biological compounds. It has been used as a spice in most Asian countries. B... more Turmeric has various biological compounds. It has been used as a spice in most Asian countries. Both solid and powder extracts, as well as extracts in oil form, are beneficial. Moreover, having an abundant number of biological compounds made it popular in ancient times. For centuries, it has been used to treat wounds and snake bites. The main component of turmeric is curcuminoids, which are reported to have anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor activities. In recent decades, many studies have taken place for clinical trials to confirm curcumin's pharmacological activity. In this review, turmeric constituents and the therapeutic activity of curcumin analogs will be discussed.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Avicennia officinalis L. (AOL) has shown promise for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti... more Avicennia officinalis L. (AOL) has shown promise for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. However, there is no research on the toxicity of this plant in Vietnam. The acute and sub-acute toxicology study proved that AOL leaf extracts are practically non-toxic in normal mice. Acute toxicity assessment was conducted with single oral doses of AOL extract (2500, 3100, 4100, and 5000 mg/kg). In sub-acute toxicity, mice were administered daily oral doses of AOL extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. Blood was collected from the heart, liver, and kidneys for further analysis. The comprehensive results revealed an oral median lethal dose (LD50) exceeding 5000 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity. A sub-acute study (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) showed no deaths or weight gain. At both doses, the standardized AOL extracts decreased serum aspartate transaminase activity. Administration of the 200 mg/kg group significantly increased blood urea levels; however, histological examination of mouse kidneys in this group revealed no signal of damage. Histological examination of mouse livers revealed mild degeneration, possibly due to the use of adult mice and potentially unrelated to the extract. This study emphasizes AOL's potential for further pharmacological testing based on its low acute toxicity and promising results.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are co... more Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are considered pests of major field crops. In Nepal, factors such as monoculture cropping patterns, forest fragmentation, degradation of natural habitats, and changing agricultural practices contribute to increased monkey menace and human-macaque conflict. Factors such as cropping season, food resource distribution, crop variety, wild food availability, and distance from forests and farms influence the frequency and intensity of crop raiding. This study introduced non-human primates, their status, and availability in Nepal, and analyzed different crops raided by monkeys along the Buddhi Gandaki River, frequency and crop raiding season of monkeys in Jhor Mahankal and Goldhunga and suggested some solution measures for the monkey menace in Nepal. Maize was the most raided crop, while pumpkin was the least. The total percentage of crops raided was 24.62%, with an average crop loss of 29.24%. Crop raiding was most prevalent during the spring season (45%), followed by the rainy season (39%), and least prevalent during the winter season (16%). Rhesus macaques refrained from raiding crops with bitter or spicy flavors, such as turmeric, bitter gourd, chili, ginger, and mustard. The suggested control measures need to be followed to mitigate the monkey menace and manage the human-wildlife conflict.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, susta... more Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and livelihoods in Nepal. This article provides a comprehensive review of FSR in Nepal, focusing on concepts, design, and methodology for optimizing farming systems. Integrated farming systems have emerged as a key strategy for small and marginal farmers to improve livelihood security and meet household needs for nutrition and income. By integrating various components such as crops, livestock, and agroforestry, farmers can enhance resource use efficiency, diversify income sources, and improve resilience to climate change impacts. FSR in Nepal combines scientific research, community engagement, and local knowledge to enhance agricultural sustainability and improve livelihoods for small-scale farmers. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) plays a crucial role in developing a national research agenda and allocating resources to address the diverse technological needs of farmers. By integrating diverse perspectives, utilizing innovative technologies, and engaging stakeholders, FSR addresses agricultural system complexities and contributes to food security, environmental sustainability, and rural development.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit,... more In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit, a fruit that is both popular and economically important. One particular practice that has gained recognition is top-working, which involves grafting new scions onto existing rootstocks. This horticultural technique has shown promise in improving yield, disease resistance, and overall productivity in orchards. This comprehensive review paper examines the different methods used in top working for kiwifruit cultivation, explores the factors that influence its success, and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this practice. This review provides an overview of various techniques used for the top-working kiwifruit plants in Nepal. The success of top-working depends on factors such as timing, compatibility between scion and rootstock, grafting materials, and proper grafting techniques. This review paper also ranges over the importance of kiwifruit cultivation for Nepalese farmers, problems faced by them, persistent constraints in the country, and the future promise that kiwifruit cultivation holds for the economic advancement of the nation.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2024
Given the growing craze for dietary supplements, it is essential to critically examine the safety... more Given the growing craze for dietary supplements, it is essential to critically examine the safety concerns surrounding their usage. There have been several cases of contaminated food-related mishaps in spite of numerous rules and laws in existence. We thus made an effort to find the existence of five antihistamines and four hypertensive in herbal items from the Vietnamese market, given the rising severity of this issue. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to screen 32 samples, which were typical of the many kinds of herbal products. The investigation included both intra-and inter-day precision as well as repeatability. For all analytes, the devised technique was proven to be exact, with %RSD lower than 6%. The LOD and LOQ of nine compounds were determined to be in the range of 0.15-0.30 mg/g and 0.50-1.00 mg/g, respectively (solid matrix sample); 0.075-0.150 mg/g; and 0.25-0.50 mg/g (liquid matrix sample). The intra-day variation's percentage RSD varies from 1.40 to 5.10. Nonetheless, the inter-day variation's percentage RSD fell between 3.10 and 6.60. As a result, the procedure may be used to analyze herbal dietary supplement samples that are in circulation in order to quality control the herbal products on the Vietnamese market.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecologic... more Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecological principles. This article explores agroecology's theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical evolution, along with its impact on modern agricultural methods. Agroecology looks at how biophysical and social elements combine to produce food sustainably, promote social justice, and protect the environment. The first section of the article looks at how agroecology developed as a scientific field, discussing its fundamental ideas, practices, and objectives-all of which emphasize participatory, adaptive, and holistic methodologies. The inquiry also looks into how agroecology might support biodiversity, resilience to climate change, and sustainable livelihoods. This article also explores the rise of agroecology as a movement driven by social activism, environmental consciousness, and a search for alternative food systems. After that, the article dives further into the history of agroecology, emphasizing the pioneers' contributions and the development of agroecological principles over time. The text goes on to outline the fundamental principles of agroecology. Its main objectives are enhancing resource efficiency, strengthening resilience, and ensuring social equality. This article discusses the practical applications of agroecology in various agricultural settings, such as permaculture, agroforestry, and agroecological farming systems. A few agro-ecology case studies have been described. Finally, the article highlights the future of food systems. The article concludes by highlighting the necessity of combining scientific understanding with indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge and stating that agro-ecology is viable for a more just and sustainable future for agriculture and food security.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
There has been a significant rise in attention and worry surrounding fresh produce. This is due t... more There has been a significant rise in attention and worry surrounding fresh produce. This is due to the response of consumers and marketers to widespread media coverage on the health impacts of microbial contaminants in food. Multiple studies have consistently found that high-quality and non-contaminated products have a higher demand compared to those that are contaminated with microbes. Given the growing demand for fresh food, it is necessary to examine the current research that focuses on the microbiological quality. So far, only a limited number of carefully conducted studies have been completed to develop viable therapies for managing microbial activity. Nevertheless, a slight elevation in the inclination of several therapies, including physical, chemical, biological, gaseous, and radiation methods, is noted. A proper treatment may elevate market value and consumer satisfaction. Prominent areas for future research can be identified and given special attention.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
In this research, three agricultural substrates, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor Horse S, and Sorghum b... more In this research, three agricultural substrates, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor Horse S, and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, were evaluated as growing media in commercial mushroom cultivation. Zea mays waste had the highest moisture content with a relatively high nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, and energy value compared with Sorghum bicolor Horse S and Sorghum bicolor Giza 115, so the results indicate that Zea mays waste cultivated with different species of Pleurotus tested gave high-production oyster mushrooms with the highest biological efficiency and also a high total number of fruit bodies. P. floridans cultivated in Zea mays waste gave the best production by 182 gm, biological efficiency of 36.4%, and also a high number of fruit bodies (28) followed by P. pulmonarius on Sorghum bicolor Horse S waste, which gave production by 180 gm and also a high number of fruit bodies (27).
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Lemongrass is considered one of the most economic medicinal and aromatic plants, and there is a t... more Lemongrass is considered one of the most economic medicinal and aromatic plants, and there is a tendency to expand the production of such important plants in newly reclaimed soils, which often suffer from salt stresses. There are natural and synthetic substances that can help plants resist stress. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of using some natural substances, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE), Bacillus subtilis + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B+A), and synthetic substances, such as benzyl amino purine (BAP), on lemongrass plants exposed to salt stress imposed by irrigation at 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm levels. Results indicated that an increasing trend of carbohydrate content by growth stimulants was noticed as follows: Moringa leaf extract (MLE) >Bacillus subtilis + arbuscular mycorrhizal (B+M) > benzyl amino purine (BAP). Foliar application by growth stimulants increased free proline content. Application of MLE, followed by B+M, gave the highest values of the free proline content in the two cuts for the two seasons compared to the control. It was proven that total phenol content was affected by the different growth stimulant treatments. Foliar application of the growth stimulants increased the total phenol content compared to the control. However, application of MLE resulted in the highest values of total phenol content in the two cuts for the two seasons compared to the control. Among the growth stimulants used, foliar spraying with MLE, followed by microorganisms (B+M), shows a superior effect in decreasing the accumulation of sodium and chlorine compared to other stimulants, while improving potassium was obtained by the growth stimulants MLE, B+A, and BAP, respectively, in both seasons.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
The mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis is widespread throughout the subtropical coast and is kn... more The mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis is widespread throughout the subtropical coast and is known for its many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant. This study determined the physicochemical parameters of the standardized extract, qualitative by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC), qualitative total phenolic content, and the content of the marker compound by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compounds such as p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid have been found to be major phenolic acids in the leaves of this plant. These results provided useful information for the evaluation of the quality of Avicennia officinalis raw materials and its commercial products. The parameters of the ethanol extract of Avicennia officinalis leaves were obtained as follows: the loss of dry weight (10.9±2.09%), total ash content (22.31%), microbiological limits achieved to meet the requirements of medicinal standards, and total heavy metal content not detected. The content of total phenolics determined amounted to 81.83 mg GAE/g extract. The quantification method by HPLC was validated according to AOAC, and the content of two markers in the extract was p-coumaric acid (1.19 mg/g) and cinnamic acid (3.82 mg/g). The outputs of this research will be standardized extracts that's the source of medicinal plants in Vietnam.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
In women of childbearing age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and... more In women of childbearing age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic condition. Ovulatory dysfunction, clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and multiple cystic ovaries are the hallmarks of PCOS. Women who have PCOS may have irregular insulin activity in addition to other difficulties such as pattern hair loss, acne, obesity, infertility, and hirsutism. An unhealthy lifestyle, hereditary causes, androgen exposures, and neuroendocrine factors are frequently the causes of PCOS. This results in an unbalanced hormonal state, hyperandrogenism, high insulin, and inflammation. Due to the overlapping metabolic and endocrine issues, PCOS patients' cancer risk has been the subject of debate for decades. This review article examines the relationship between PCOS and various types of reproductive cancers, focusing on the possible reasons for cancer in PCOS patients.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
The Lamawan Pony Marine Protected Area (MPA) in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique, Philippines, was... more The Lamawan Pony Marine Protected Area (MPA) in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique, Philippines, was created to improve marine conservation and fisheries management. The socio-cultural component of this study deployed primarily Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and face-to-face surveys in four fishing communities. Findings from the surveys revealed that the MPA status is poor due to anthropogenic impacts. The knowledge of MPA presence is high (86%); however, the local perception of MPA sustainability is low (26%), due to fishing challenges. Despite these conditions, results suggest that increasing the no-take zone area to at least 20% of the total MPA size is necessary to achieve the goals set for an MPA. The data in this study are imperative for improving sustainable fishery management in the future that balances the economic needs of its coastal populace.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
This study aims to evaluate antiplatelet drug use and possible interactions that can occur during... more This study aims to evaluate antiplatelet drug use and possible interactions that can occur during acute myocardial infarction treatment. We establish a cross-sectional descriptive study with 380 acute myocardial infarction inpatient cases treated with antiplatelet drugs in Vietnam in 2021. In our study, the mean age is 69.3, and most patients are over sixty-five, accounting for 67.6%. Indicated antiplatelet drugs encompass aspirin (100%), clopidogrel (86.0%), and ticagrelor (42.6%). Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin-clopidogrel and aspirin-ticagrelor accounts for 86.0% and 42.6%, respectively. According to drugs.com and medscape.com, the results show three clinically significant combinations:aspirin-enalapril (37.4%), clopidogrel-esomeprazole (31.3%), and aspirin-captopril (20%). Of all discovered drug interactions, 28.1% are estimated as major and 38.8% as moderate (monitor closely). The results show that aspirin is considered the first-line drug, and the aspirin-clopidogrel combination is more common than aspirin-ticagrelor in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction patients. Aspirin-enalapril, clopidogrelesomeprazole, and aspirin-captopril are clinically significant interactions avoided in indicating.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
Insufficiency of water is a growing global problem challenging sustainable development due to its... more Insufficiency of water is a growing global problem challenging sustainable development due to its limited water resources. This research aimed to 1) know about Bedouins' sources and uses of water in the Halaib study's area, 2) explore Bedouins' choice behavior towards desalinated water using consumption value theory, 3) determine factors related to Bedouins' choice behavior, and 4) determine the reasons for water contamination and propose solutions. Data were collected from a sample of 153 Bedouins through personal interviews using a questionnaire form in November 2021. Data were analyzed and presented using frequency, mean, and step-wise regression analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire (0.864) was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that desalinated water was the most popular clean water source in the examined area and that it was crucial for providing people with safe water. All Bedouins (100%) prefer using desalinated water for cleaning, animal watering, and irrigation. The mean score of respondents' perception of function value price is 5.78 (96.3% of the total score); the social value is 4.78 (79.67%); the function value quality is 4.57 (76.17%); and the emotional value is 4.49 (74.83%). The quality of the function value explains about 59.1% of the variance in Bedouins' choice behavior towards desalinated water, while the social value accounts for about 12.1% and the emotional value accounts for about 3.6%. There was sufficient evidence to disprove H4, H6, and H7. The results were used to provide suggestions for further research.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2023
This study aimed to estimate the physical and chemical properties of prickly pear fruits. Prickly... more This study aimed to estimate the physical and chemical properties of prickly pear fruits. Prickly pear fruit samples were collected from local markets in Dhamar, Yemen. The results showed that the mean weight of prickly pear fruits was 89.27 g, while the pulp, peel, seeds, and extracted juice weights were 47.57, 40.96, 3.52, and 37.07 g, respectively. The weight percentages of pulp, peel, seeds, and extracted juice were 53.72, 45.38, 3.79, and 34.85% of the fruit's weight, respectively. The chemical properties of prickly pear juice were: 86.83% moisture, 12.75 ˚brix total soluble solids, 13.17% total solids, 11.78% total sugars, 7.86% reducing sugar, 3.90% non-reducing sugar, 6.07 pH, 0.09% total acidity, and 28.41 mg/100 mL ascorbic acid content. The ˚brix/acidity ratio in prickly pear pulp extract was 178.87. These findings indicated that the prickly pear fruits that grow wild in Yemen possessed the majority of the desirable physicochemical properties, such as high soluble solids, low acidity, and a low seed content percentage, which make them marketable and exportable.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This ... more The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This study analyzed twelve genotypes (F1 hybrids) of L. brownii var. colchesteri for nine important cut flower characteristics. As part of pre-breeding, the variability analysis task for the studied traits was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses demonstrated significant variability among the genotypes for the studied cut-flower traits. The higher values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), coupled with higher heritability, along with the genetic advance expressed as a percentage mean (GAM), revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf burn, and flower diameter had demonstrated the prevalence of the additive type of gene action. The remaining cut flower traits, especially leaf width, number of flowers, length of outer tepal, the width of outer tepal, and days to flowering, proved to have a prevalence of the non-additive type of gene action. The mean performance of the cut flower traits provides information for effective progeny selection after hybridization. The performance of Ryunghoehyeon had been found to be outstanding for plant height, flower diameter, length of the outer tepal, width of the outer tepal, days to flowering, and the number of flowers.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Industrial effluents containing colored dyes have become a significant contributor to water pollu... more Industrial effluents containing colored dyes have become a significant contributor to water pollution, and since water is the most critical natural resource, it is a duty to treat it. In this study, Alternaria alternata was used as a biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature on biosorption were examined. The obtained results showed that the contact time required for maximum dye biosorption was 90 minutes. Furthermore, the amount of dye biosorbed increased as the pH of the solution increased, with 8 being the optimum pH. Biosorption reached its highest amount at 40 °C. Similarly, an initial concentration of 100 ppm of MB was preferred the most in biosorption. The results concluded that Alternaria alternata could be an attractive option for removing methylene blue from dye wastewater because of its high biosorption capacity and low cost.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Important routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles include physical and chemical processes, whic... more Important routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles include physical and chemical processes, which are typically costly and potentially dangerous to the environment. The assessment of eco-friendly chemistry or biological strategies for producing nanoparticles from plant extracts has attracted the interest of a large number of scientists in recent years. Before establishing a generally accepted method, researchers must investigate the plant-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles and their effects. It is gaining popularity because of its ability to facilitate the creation of alternative, safer, less toxic, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods. The synthesis of novel nanoparticles with the necessary properties is mandatory for the development of cosmetics, biomedicine, biosensors, nano-biotechnology, and other applications involving antibacterial, catalytic, electronic, electrochemical, and sensing processes. Environmental and biological fields have numerous possible uses for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. It attempts specifically to decrease the use of harmful chemicals. Typically, employing biological resources, such as plants, is harmless. Also found in plants are reducing and capping agents. Here, we discuss the advancement of green synthesis of nanoparticles, the most current applications, and future perspectives.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
The mangrove plant, Avicennia officinalis (L.), has long been utilized as an antioxidant, anti-in... more The mangrove plant, Avicennia officinalis (L.), has long been utilized as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent. In this study, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid were employed to simultaneously quantify common phenolic acids from leaf extract using a high-performance liquid chromatography method and a diode array detector. With a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 0.2% ammonium acetate/0.1% formic acid in the water, and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm); detection was carried out at 280 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively, were 0.025 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL. The recovery varied between 92.16 and 104.69%, whereas the relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day analyses ranged from 1.71 to 3.22%. The validated approach was effectively used to analyze the bioactive ingredients in A. officinalis, and it could be a helpful process for maintaining the quality of this plant. Additionally, the bioactive substances found in the plant's leaves have a great deal of potential to become a source of traditional Vietnamese medicine.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences (e-ISSN: 2671-5449), 2022
Turmeric has various biological compounds. It has been used as a spice in most Asian countries. B... more Turmeric has various biological compounds. It has been used as a spice in most Asian countries. Both solid and powder extracts, as well as extracts in oil form, are beneficial. Moreover, having an abundant number of biological compounds made it popular in ancient times. For centuries, it has been used to treat wounds and snake bites. The main component of turmeric is curcuminoids, which are reported to have anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor activities. In recent decades, many studies have taken place for clinical trials to confirm curcumin's pharmacological activity. In this review, turmeric constituents and the therapeutic activity of curcumin analogs will be discussed.