Soumya Murali - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Soumya Murali
Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids reported to have various functions, bot... more Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids reported to have various functions, both adverse and beneficial. They act as an oviposition stimulant and are involved in chemical defense. The study of aristolochic acid I composition in the four species A.indica, A.tagala, A.krisagathra and A.ringens all reported as medicinally useful is significant and was carried out using standard HPLC procedure with reverse phase phenomenex C18 column. The standardization was done using standard aristolochic acid I. The identification of the plant samples were carried out by comparing with the retention time and absorption spectra of standard references. The analyses showed the highest concentration of aristolochic acid I in A.krisagathra followed by A.ringens. Different seasons were also found to influence the concentration of the species. The highest concentration was found in winter (9.9070± 0.0989µg/g) for A.krisagathra among all the species studied and all the seasons compared. In A.ringens no significant variation was observed in aristolochic acid I composition. Some species showed a linear trend of decrease or increase in the content of aristolochic acid I with the seasons. The study thus shows that the aristolochic acid I composition in the plant is determined by many factors and is variable depending on seasons and species. Please cite this article in press as SoumyaMurali et al. Determination of Aristolochic Acid I Concentration in the Four Species of Aristolochia Using HPLC. Indo American Journal of Pharm Research.2014:4(05).
Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found clo... more Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found closely allied to two other species native to India, A. indica and A. tagala. The plant is medicinally useful and hence may harbor important phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical studies on this plant are less. Hence, the objective of the research was to analyse the oil composition of this endemic plant considering the seasons and plant parts. Methods: The essential oil analyses of both the leaf and stem oil of the plant was carried out in three different periods, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon to analyse the major compounds present and the effect of seasons on the oil composition. Oil extraction of the shade dried leaves and stem were done in a clevenger type apparatus. 4 h of hydro distillation was done and the oil samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The stem oil yield was higher than leaves and the oil colour of the leaves and stem varied. The results showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes. Diterpenes were completely absent in the stem oil in all the three seasons but was present in leaf oil in small concentrations. The oil yield from stem was higher than leaves. The major compound in the leaf and stem oil varied. Major compound in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon remained the same, copaene in the leaf and alloaromadendrene in the stem. The major compound in the monsoon period was delta-cadinene in leaf and spathulenol in stem. Caryophyllene, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was present in both the stem and leaf oil irrespective of the seasons studied. Conclusion: The study showed that the plant parts and seasons are important factors affecting the oil composition. Hence while collecting medicinal plants and their oils for various bioactivities, these factors need to be considered.
The genus Aristolochia comes under the family Aristolochiaceae, a conspicuous family with distinc... more The genus Aristolochia comes under the family Aristolochiaceae, a conspicuous family with distinctive and showy flowers positioned among the basal angiosperms. The taxonomic treatment of the genus Aristolochia is ambiguous. Several generic segregates have been proposed for the genus and most literatures propose four subgenera within two subtribes. The study focused on the relationship of A. indica, A. tagala, A. ringens and A. krisagathra with the different generic segregates. The sequencing was carried out using rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, ITS and ITS2. However, only rbcL and matK were used to infer the relationship because of the lack of availability of sequences of psbA-trnH, ITS and ITS2 representing the different generic segregates. Both the neighbor joining trees constructed using rbcL and matK placed A. krisagathra as the sister taxon of A. indica with very high bootstrap values. A. krisagathra, A. indica and A. tagala forms a part of the subsection Podanthemum and Diplolobus section along with A. zollingeriana, whereas the exotic A. ringens formed a part of Gymnolobus section.
The genus Aristolochia includes medicinal plants and some are used as ornamentals due to their sh... more The genus Aristolochia includes medicinal plants and some are used as ornamentals due to their showy flowers. In many countries including India the plant is commonly used to treat snake bite and has great ethno pharmacological importance. DNA barcoding studies were carried out using the commonly employed marker genes rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 in four species of Aristolochia, Aristolochia indica L., Aristolochia tagala Cham., Aristolochia ringens Vahl. and Aristolochia krisagathra Sivarajan and Pradeep. Of this A. indica, A. tagala and A. krisagathra are native to India; A. ringens is native to South and Central America. A. krisagathra is reported to be endemic to India and is found restricted to the southern part of Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. No reports are available on the molecular aspects of this plant which makes the study relevant. It was found that among the four markers used, ITS2 showed higher variation percentage followed by psbA-trnH. The dendrograms obtained from ITS2 also backed the morphological observation.
Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found clo... more Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found closely allied to two other species native to India, A. indica and A. tagala. The plant is medicinally useful and hence may harbor important phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical studies on this plant are less. Hence, the objective of the research was to analyse the oil composition of this endemic plant considering the seasons and plant parts.
The morphology based identification methods are usually time consuming and may sometimes lead to ... more The morphology based identification methods are usually time consuming and may sometimes lead to misidentification and may not always provide resolution at the species level. The phenotypic variability of the taxa may lead to misidentifications. In the case of plants, lack of vegetative states, make identification difficult. DNA sequencing has been used to explain evolutionary relationships for more than 20 years in molecular systematics. The aims of DNA barcoding include species identification of known specimens and discovery of unknown species for enhancing taxonomy for the good of science and society. Here, the study focussed on the DNA barcoding of the two species of Artemisia, which is reported from Kerala, namely, Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pampan. and Artemisia japonica Thunb. using the five universal barcodes namely rbcL, matK, ITS, ITS2 and trnH-psbA. All the five barcodes yield good quality sequences.
Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids reported to have various functions, bot... more Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids reported to have various functions, both adverse and beneficial. They act as an oviposition stimulant and are involved in chemical defense. The study of aristolochic acid I composition in the four species A.indica, A.tagala, A.krisagathra and A.ringens all reported as medicinally useful is significant and was carried out using standard HPLC procedure with reverse phase phenomenex C18 column. The standardization was done using standard aristolochic acid I. The identification of the plant samples were carried out by comparing with the retention time and absorption spectra of standard references. The analyses showed the highest concentration of aristolochic acid I in A.krisagathra followed by A.ringens. Different seasons were also found to influence the concentration of the species. The highest concentration was found in winter (9.9070± 0.0989µg/g) for A.krisagathra among all the species studied and all the seasons compared. In A.ringens no significant variation was observed in aristolochic acid I composition. Some species showed a linear trend of decrease or increase in the content of aristolochic acid I with the seasons. The study thus shows that the aristolochic acid I composition in the plant is determined by many factors and is variable depending on seasons and species. Please cite this article in press as SoumyaMurali et al. Determination of Aristolochic Acid I Concentration in the Four Species of Aristolochia Using HPLC. Indo American Journal of Pharm Research.2014:4(05).
Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found clo... more Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found closely allied to two other species native to India, A. indica and A. tagala. The plant is medicinally useful and hence may harbor important phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical studies on this plant are less. Hence, the objective of the research was to analyse the oil composition of this endemic plant considering the seasons and plant parts. Methods: The essential oil analyses of both the leaf and stem oil of the plant was carried out in three different periods, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon to analyse the major compounds present and the effect of seasons on the oil composition. Oil extraction of the shade dried leaves and stem were done in a clevenger type apparatus. 4 h of hydro distillation was done and the oil samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The stem oil yield was higher than leaves and the oil colour of the leaves and stem varied. The results showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes. Diterpenes were completely absent in the stem oil in all the three seasons but was present in leaf oil in small concentrations. The oil yield from stem was higher than leaves. The major compound in the leaf and stem oil varied. Major compound in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon remained the same, copaene in the leaf and alloaromadendrene in the stem. The major compound in the monsoon period was delta-cadinene in leaf and spathulenol in stem. Caryophyllene, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was present in both the stem and leaf oil irrespective of the seasons studied. Conclusion: The study showed that the plant parts and seasons are important factors affecting the oil composition. Hence while collecting medicinal plants and their oils for various bioactivities, these factors need to be considered.
The genus Aristolochia comes under the family Aristolochiaceae, a conspicuous family with distinc... more The genus Aristolochia comes under the family Aristolochiaceae, a conspicuous family with distinctive and showy flowers positioned among the basal angiosperms. The taxonomic treatment of the genus Aristolochia is ambiguous. Several generic segregates have been proposed for the genus and most literatures propose four subgenera within two subtribes. The study focused on the relationship of A. indica, A. tagala, A. ringens and A. krisagathra with the different generic segregates. The sequencing was carried out using rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, ITS and ITS2. However, only rbcL and matK were used to infer the relationship because of the lack of availability of sequences of psbA-trnH, ITS and ITS2 representing the different generic segregates. Both the neighbor joining trees constructed using rbcL and matK placed A. krisagathra as the sister taxon of A. indica with very high bootstrap values. A. krisagathra, A. indica and A. tagala forms a part of the subsection Podanthemum and Diplolobus section along with A. zollingeriana, whereas the exotic A. ringens formed a part of Gymnolobus section.
The genus Aristolochia includes medicinal plants and some are used as ornamentals due to their sh... more The genus Aristolochia includes medicinal plants and some are used as ornamentals due to their showy flowers. In many countries including India the plant is commonly used to treat snake bite and has great ethno pharmacological importance. DNA barcoding studies were carried out using the commonly employed marker genes rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH and ITS2 in four species of Aristolochia, Aristolochia indica L., Aristolochia tagala Cham., Aristolochia ringens Vahl. and Aristolochia krisagathra Sivarajan and Pradeep. Of this A. indica, A. tagala and A. krisagathra are native to India; A. ringens is native to South and Central America. A. krisagathra is reported to be endemic to India and is found restricted to the southern part of Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. No reports are available on the molecular aspects of this plant which makes the study relevant. It was found that among the four markers used, ITS2 showed higher variation percentage followed by psbA-trnH. The dendrograms obtained from ITS2 also backed the morphological observation.
Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found clo... more Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra, a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found closely allied to two other species native to India, A. indica and A. tagala. The plant is medicinally useful and hence may harbor important phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical studies on this plant are less. Hence, the objective of the research was to analyse the oil composition of this endemic plant considering the seasons and plant parts.
The morphology based identification methods are usually time consuming and may sometimes lead to ... more The morphology based identification methods are usually time consuming and may sometimes lead to misidentification and may not always provide resolution at the species level. The phenotypic variability of the taxa may lead to misidentifications. In the case of plants, lack of vegetative states, make identification difficult. DNA sequencing has been used to explain evolutionary relationships for more than 20 years in molecular systematics. The aims of DNA barcoding include species identification of known specimens and discovery of unknown species for enhancing taxonomy for the good of science and society. Here, the study focussed on the DNA barcoding of the two species of Artemisia, which is reported from Kerala, namely, Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pampan. and Artemisia japonica Thunb. using the five universal barcodes namely rbcL, matK, ITS, ITS2 and trnH-psbA. All the five barcodes yield good quality sequences.