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Papers by NORAINI BINTI TALIP

Malaysian applied biology/Malaysian Applied Biology Journal, Mar 31, 2024

Leaf anatomy studies were conducted on Bougainvillea spectabilis infected with Bougainvillea chlo... more Leaf anatomy studies were conducted on Bougainvillea spectabilis infected with Bougainvillea chlorotic vein-banding (BCVB) virus. The objective of the study is to identify the anatomical adaptation characteristics of B. spectabilis leaves infected with the BCVB virus through comparison with the anatomical characteristics of control leaves and to identify cells and tissues that are adapted to the presence of the virus. The research method involves sectioning with a sliding microtome on the lamina and margin, petiole and midrib, epidermal peels of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, leaf clearing to observe the venation, staining, mounting, and observation under a light microscope. The results of the study show that in infected leaves, the chlorophyll content is very low in the lamina and leaf margin, an increase in the number of vascular bundles, vascular tissue, and collenchyma cells, as well as cell wall damage. The results of observation of the anatomical characteristics of the abaxial epidermis of leaves show that leaves infected with the virus have a lower index number, and size of stomata compared to healthy leaves. The results of the study also proved changes in the shape of the abaxial epidermal wall and the thickening of the adaxial epidermal cell wall of leaves infected with the BCVB virus. The presence of crystals and tertiary veins is less clearly observed in virus-infected leaves. Changes in cells and tissues in leaves infected with BCVB virus are a response to infection and leaf Article History

Famili Rhizophoraceae ialah famili tumbuhan utama di hutan paya bakau dengan 16 genus dan 120 spe... more Famili Rhizophoraceae ialah famili tumbuhan utama di hutan paya bakau dengan 16 genus dan 120 spesies dan di Semenanjung Malaysia terdapat tujuh genus dan 17 spesies. Kajian palinologi masih kurang dijalankan di hutan paya bakau untuk melihat kepentingan ciri morfologi debunga dan adaptasinya terhadap persekitaran. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menyenaraikan ciri umum, variasi dan ciri diagnosis morfologi debunga antara spesies dan genus dalam famili Rhizophoraceae di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kaedah kajian melibatkan teknik asetolisis, pencerapan di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskop imbasan elektron. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan terdapat dua kelas debunga iaitu tri-zono-kolpat dan tri-zono-kolporat. Kesemua spesies kajian mempunyai debunga bersaiz kecil (10-25 µm) dan mempunyai debunga bentuk sferoid kecuali Rhizophora x lamarckii dengan bentuk subprolat. Dua corak hiasan eksin ditemui pada genus Bruguiera iaitu skabrat-perforat (B. cylindrica, B. parviflora. B. hainesii dan B. sexangula) dan psilat-skabrat (B. gymnorhiza). Genus Ceriops dan Rhizophora stylosa mempunyai hiasan eksin perforat manakala R. apiculata dan R. mucronata mempunyai corak eksin perforat-retikulat. Kekunci dikotomi pengecaman spesies dan genus telah dibina berdasarkan keputusan kajian. Secara kesimpulan, ciri morfologi debunga mempunyai nilai taksonomi terutamanya untuk pembezaan dan pengecaman spesies dan genus bagi famili Rhizophoraceae.************************************************************ Rhizophoraceae is a plant family in mangrove forest with approximately 16 genera and 120 species and seven genera and 17 species are found in Peninsular Malaysia. Palynology study in mangroves to investigate the importance of pollen morphological characteristics and adaptation to its environment is still meagre. The objectives of this study were to list the common features, variations and diagnostic features of pollen morphology among species and genera in the Rhizophoraceae family. The methods involved acetolysis techniques and observation under light and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that there are two pollen classes which are tri-zono-colpate and tri-zono-colporate. All the species studied have small size (10-25 μm) and spheroidial shaped pollen except Rhizophora x lamarckii with subprolate pollen. Two types of exine ornamentation were found in Bruguiera, i.e. scabrate-perforate (B. cylindrica, B. parviflora. B. hainesii and B. sexangula) and psilate-scabrate (B. gymnorhiza). On the other hand, the genus Ceriops and Rhizophora stylosa have perforate exine ornamentation and R. apiculata and R. mucronata have exine ornamentation perforate-reticulate. Dichotomy key for species and genus identification has been constructed based on the findings. As a conclusion pollen morphological characteristics have taxonomic value especially for the genus and species differentiation and identification in the family Rhizophoraceae.

The pollen morphology of eight species in subfamily Ruellioideae (Acanthaceae) from Peninsular Ma... more The pollen morphology of eight species in subfamily Ruellioideae (Acanthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopes. Species studied are Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f) T. Anderson, Hemigraphis reptans (G. Forst.) T. Anderson ex Hemsl., Hygrophila pusilla Blume ex Steud., Ruellia repens L., Ruellia simplex C. Wright, Ruellia tuberosa, L., Sanchezia speciosa Leonard and Strobilanthes crispa T. Anderson. The objective of this study is to assess the taxonomic value of pollen morphological characteristics. Findings in this study have shown some variations in the pollen morphology that can be used in species identification and classification. Pollen description includes pollen classes, shape, apertures, exine thickness and ornamentation. The results have demonstrated that pollen morphology characteristics have taxonomic significance and useful as additional data especially in species identification and classification in subfamily Ruellioideae.

The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Apr 21, 2017

Isolation of compounds from methanol extract from the leaves of Adiantum latifolium Lam. had been... more Isolation of compounds from methanol extract from the leaves of Adiantum latifolium Lam. had been conducted by using radial chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) techniques. Their structures were elucidated by ultraviolet-visible (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) and by comparison with the previous literatures. Four steroids compound were isolated namely the Stigmast-4-en-3-one (1), Stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-on (2), Stigmasterol (3) and β-Sitosterol (4).

Agriculture, Mar 10, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

tropical life sciences research, Mar 31, 2022

Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Psychotria species (Rubiaceae) from the Atlantic ... more Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Psychotria species (Rubiaceae) from the Atlantic Rainforest RESUMO (Anatomia e micromorfologia comparada da folha de espécies de Psychotria (Rubiaceae) da Floresta Atlântica). O gênero Psychotria compreende aproximadamente 2000 espécies, a maioria arbórea distribuídas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais. Dentro de Rubiaceae, o gênero é bem conhecido pelas espécies produtoras de alcalóides bioativos e taxonomia complexa. Os caracteres anatômicos e micromorfológicos de P. hoffmannseggiana, P. carthagenensis, P. deflexa, P. glaziovii, P. leiocarpa, P. racemosa e P. vellosiana foram investigados e descritos. A variação interespecífica foi avaliada, a fim de contribuir para a sistemática do gêwnero. A análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento através das médias não ponderadas de grupos pareados (UPGMA) indicaram quatro grupos baseados na presença e ausência de algumas características estudadas. Mesofilo dorsiventral, folhas hipostomáticas, estômatos paracíticos, organização do sistema vascular do pecíolo e da nervura principal em arco e presença de feixes acessórios são comuns nas espécies examinadas e são características típicas de Rubiaceae. A presença de cristais estilóides e de alcalóides é considerada característica diagnóstica destas espécies de Psychotria. Outras características usadas para a distinção das espécies o gênero são: o contorno do pecíolo, a ornamentação da cutícula e a presença de tricomas. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento (UPGMA) indicaram que há similaridade entre espécies de Psychotria (subg. Heteropsychotria) e Palicourea Palavras-chave: anatomia foliar, análise de agrupamento, análise de componente principal, anatomia sistemática, domácia, superfície foliar

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Aug 1, 2008

A flavonoid survey was carried out on 45 taxa from the genera Shorea, Hopea, Parashorea, Neobalan... more A flavonoid survey was carried out on 45 taxa from the genera Shorea, Hopea, Parashorea, Neobalanocarpus, and Dryobalanops of the tribe Shoreae in the Dipterocarpaceae. The study showed significant chemotaxonomic differences in leaf flavonoid aglycone patterns and the presence of tannins in these taxa. The flavonoid patterns are useful in the delimitation of some taxa. For example, the genus Parashorea is distinguished by the universal presence of kaempferol 3-methyl ether, and the monotypic genus Neobalanocarpus is unique in not producing ellagic and gallo tannins. The presence of chalcones and flavone C-glycosides supports the separation of the genus Hopea into two sections, section Dryobalanoides and section Hopea in Ashton's classification, which is based on the type of venation. The flavonoid distributions in this study show that they can be very useful for differentiating between the Balau group in the genus Shorea and some scaly barked Hopea species, particularly H. helferi (lintah bukit), H. nutans (giam), and H. ferrea (malut).

Acta Botanica Brasilica, Dec 1, 2021

A palynological study of six species of Pterospermum was conducted to investigate variation in po... more A palynological study of six species of Pterospermum was conducted to investigate variation in pollen micromorphological characteristics. The studied species were P. diversifolium, P. elongatum, P. jackianum, P. javanicum, P. lanceifolium and P. subpeltatum. Pollen was subjected to acetolysis, single-grain techniques and dehydration series, and observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal some common characters shared by all the studied species, namely: echinate-granulate exine ornamentation; porate pollen class; and circular amb. Variation was found in the ratio of exine thickness, pollen size, and average spine length, outline, shape, measurements, spine size and the presence of an annulus. These characters proved to be valuable for identifying and differentiating the studied species. This study shows that morphological characteristics of Pterospermum pollen have taxonomic value, especially for the identification and differentiation of species of the subfamily Dombeyoideae and even other Malvaceae s.l.

Bioresources, Dec 22, 2022

The morphology of trichome study was carried out in some species of Staurogyne (Acanthaceae) from... more The morphology of trichome study was carried out in some species of Staurogyne (Acanthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Three taxa studied are S. argentea, S. merguensis and S. setigera var. setigera. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the morphology of trichomes and the methods used are sectioning using sliding microtome, leaf clearing, epidermal peels and observation under both light and scanning electron microscopes. Findings have shown variations in trichome morphology which can be used in species identification. Three forms of trichome were recorded, papillae, glandular and non-glandular. The results showed 12 types of trichome present in Staurogyne. Two types of glandular peltate trichomes, terminal unicellular and terminal multicellular. While for non-glandular trichomes they are simple multicellular and simple unicellular. In conclusions, the findings have shown that trichome morphology has taxonomic significance and can be used in identification of species studied

Acanthaceae merupakan famili tumbuhan angiosperma di bawah order Lamiales yang terdiri daripada s... more Acanthaceae merupakan famili tumbuhan angiosperma di bawah order Lamiales yang terdiri daripada sekurangkurangnya 4000 spesies sama ada spesies tropika atau subtropika. Spesies daripada famili ini ditemui di pelbagai habitat dan mempunyai pelbagai morfologi serta corak taburan geografi. Walau bagaimanapun, maklumat mengenai ciri anatomi bagi Acanthaceae masih dangkal sehingga ke hari ini. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti jenis trikom yang hadir pada permukaan epidermis adaksial dan abaksial sepal dan juga petal bunga bagi beberapa spesies terpilih daripada Acanthaceae di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini melibatkan pengumpulan sampel di lapangan, penyediaan spesimen baucer, teknik kajian epidermis petal, cerapan di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan juga cerapan di bawah mikroskop imbasan elektron. Tiga puluh jenis trikom dicerap dalam kajian ini dan daripada jumlah tersebut, 23 jenis trikom dicerap hadir pada permukaan epidermis petal manakala 17 jenis trikom dicerap hadir pada permukaan epidermis sepal. Jenis trikom yang direkodkan ialah trikom ringkas unisel dan ringkas multisel, trikom kelenjar kapitat dan kelenjar peltat serta juga trikom berlengan. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan kehadiran dan jenis trikom pada permukaan sepal dan petal mempunyai nilai taksonomi yang berguna untuk tujuan pembezaan dan pengecaman spesies. Maklumat ciri morfologi trikom yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini merupakan maklumat baharu ciri anatomi bunga bagi Acanthaceae. ******************************************************************************************* Acanthaceae is an angiosperm plant family under the order Lamiales, comprising at least 4000 species of either tropical or subtropical. Species of Acanthaceae can be found in various habitats and they have various morphological characteristics and geographical distribution patterns. However, the information on the anatomy of Acanthaceae is still meagre till to date. The objective of this study was to identify the type of trichomes present on both adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces of sepals and petals of some selected Acanthaceae species in Peninsular Malaysia. The study involved fresh samples collected from the field, preparation of voucher specimens, epidermal peel techniques with observation under light and scanning electron microscopes. Thirty types of trichomes were found in this study, 23 types were present on the petal epidermal surface and 17 types were observed on the sepal epidermal surface. Types of trichomes found included simple unicellular and multicellular, capitate and peltate glandular and armed trichomes. The presence of trichomes on sepal and petal surfaces proven to have taxonomic value to differentiate and identify species in Acanthaceae. Information on the morphological trichome characteristics found in the study is a new finding in anatomical features of Acanthaceae

Sains Malaysiana, Feb 1, 2018

The factors responsible for the low solubility percentage of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) c... more The factors responsible for the low solubility percentage of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) cellulose pulp compared to kenaf when dissolved in aqueous NaOH/urea solvent system was reported. Physical and chemical properties of both cellulose pulp were studied and compared in terms of the lignin content, viscosity average molecular weight (Mη), crystallinity index (CrI), cellulose pulp structure and their zero span tensile strength. The structure of both OPEFB and kenaf cellulose pulp were characterized using high powered microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) assisted by ImageJ® software. The results show that the most significant factor that affected the OPEFB and kenaf cellulose dissolution in NaOH/-urea solvent was the Mη with OPEFB having a higher Mη of 1.68×10 5 compared to 5.53 × 10 4 for kenaf. Overall, kenaf cellulose appeared to be produced in higher quantities presumably due to its lower molecular weight with superior tensile strength and permeability in comparison to OPEFB.

Microbiology resource announcements, May 16, 2019

Rice tungro disease was discovered in Malaysia in the 1930s. The first and only genome of Rice tu... more Rice tungro disease was discovered in Malaysia in the 1930s. The first and only genome of Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) isolated from rice in Malaysia was sequenced in 1999. After nearly two decades, here, we present the complete genome sequence of an RTBV isolate in rice from Seberang Perai, Malaysia.

Tropical Biomedicine, Dec 31, 2022

Diplazium esculentum is an edible fern commonly consumed by the local community in Malaysia eithe... more Diplazium esculentum is an edible fern commonly consumed by the local community in Malaysia either as food or medicine. Isolation work on the ethyl acetate extract of the stem of D. esculentum resulted in the purification of two steroids, subsequently identified as stigmasterol (compound 1) and ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide (compound 2). Upon further testing, compound 2 displayed strong inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strain, with an IC 50 of 4.27±1.15 µM, while compound 1 was inactive. In silico data revealed that compound 2 showed good binding affinity to P. falciparum-Sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium-dependent ATPase (PfATP6); however, compound 1 did not show an antiplasmodial effect due to the lack of a peroxide moiety in the chemical structure. Our data suggested that the antiplasmodial activity of compound 2 from D. esculentum might be due to the inhibition of PfATP6, which resulted in both in vitro and in silico inhibitory properties.

Malaysian Applied Biology

The foliar anatomical studies of 41 species of Acanthaceae from Peninsular Malaysia had been carr... more The foliar anatomical studies of 41 species of Acanthaceae from Peninsular Malaysia had been carried out. This study aims to identify the morphology and distributions of cystoliths in leaf anatomy and their taxonomic values in species studied of Acanthaceae. The foliar anatomical study involved procedures such as cross-section by using sliding microtomes on the petiole, lamina, and midrib, epidermal peel, leaf clearing, and observation under a light microscope. The finding in this study showed four types of cystoliths present in all species studied except in Acanthus, Staurogyne, Thunbergia, and Avicennia. Generally, they are present in lamina, petiole, and midrib but differ in shapes and sizes. Four types of cystolith cells are either solitary with round cystoliths, solitary with elongated cystoliths with blunt extremities, solitary with elongated cystoliths with one end pointed, or solitary with a point at both ends. However, this type of cystoliths is varied even within the same ...

Penerbit UKM eBooks, 2021

Fokus pencirian ciri morfologi debunga diberikan kepada 40 takson daripada 19 genus dalam famili ... more Fokus pencirian ciri morfologi debunga diberikan kepada 40 takson daripada 19 genus dalam famili Acanthaceae di Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Asystasia, Pseuderanthemum, Filetia, Thubergia, Justicia, Barleria, Ruellia, Sanchezia, Acanthus, Staurogyne, Hemigraphis, Avicennia, Andrographis, Chroesthes, Blechum, Hygrophila, Peristrophe, Strobilanthes dan Rhinacanthus. Debunga bagi setiapspesies dihurai ciri morfologinya secara terperinci melalui cerapan di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskop imbasan elektron. Ciri debunga dilihat boleh digunakan untuk pengelasan mengikut genus bagi famili Acanthaceae. Malahan banyak spesies boleh dicamkan berdasarkan diagnostik ciri morfologi debunga. Kesignifikan ciri morfologi debunga dapat dilihat dengan jelas dalam taksonomi famili Acanthaceae

Malaysian Applied Biology, 2021

A study on leaf anatomical characteristics was undertaken on three medicinal plants species, Ecli... more A study on leaf anatomical characteristics was undertaken on three medicinal plants species, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Clitoria ternatea L. It is found that there are variables in leaf epidermal features such as anticlinal wall patterns, stomata types, trichome types, and the occurrence of secretory structures. Results showed that there is slight variation in anticlinal wall patterns, which is, sinuous on abaxial surfaces and straight to wavy on adaxial surfaces of Eclipta prostrata, straight to wavy on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Vernonia amygdalina, and sinuous on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Clitoria ternatea, two types of stomata, which is anomocytic in Eclipta prostrata and Vernonia amygdalina, and paracytic in Clitoria ternatea, six types of trichomes recorded such as simple multicellular (short stalk – blunted tip), simple multicellular (echinate ornamentation, pointed tip), simple unicellular (echinate ornamentation, pointed t...

Sains Malaysiana, 2021

Kajian anatomi dan mikromorfologi telah dilakukan ke atas Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planchon,... more Kajian anatomi dan mikromorfologi telah dilakukan ke atas Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planchon, perumah kepada bunga pakma di Perak, Pahang dan Kelantan. Penglibatan kajian ini merangkumi anatomi keseluruhan tumbuhan ini, iaitu bahagian daun, batang, sulur paut dan akar kerana kajian anatomi masih dangkal di Malaysia amnya dan dunia khasnya. Sampel tumbuhan ini diperoleh dari Sungai Bongor, Grik, Perak, Sungai Yol, Raub, Pahang dan Lojing, Kelantan. Teknik piawai dalam anatomi tumbuhan digunakan dan ini melibatkan penggunaan mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskrop imbasan elektron (SEM). Hasil kajian anatomi menunjukkan T. rafflesiae mempunyai corak bekas vaskular dengan sistem tertutup pada petiol, tulang daun, batang dan akar; hablur didapati hadir pada petiol, tulang daun, lamina, peruratan, batang dan akar dan dinding antiklin abaksial dan adaksial adalah daripada lurus ke melengkung. Hasil mikromorfologi memperlihatkan spesies ini mempunyai stomata homostomatik dan hipostomatik darip...

Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 2020

Background: Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a viral disease mainly affecting rice in Asia. RTD cause... more Background: Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a viral disease mainly affecting rice in Asia. RTD caused by Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Rice tungro spherical virus. To date, there are only 5 RTSV isolates have been reported. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to report the complete nucleotide sequence of Malaysian isolate of Rice tungro spherical virus Seberang Perai (RTSV-SP) for the first time. RTSV-SP was characterized and its evolutionary relationship with previously reported Indian and Philippines isolates were elucidated. Materials and Methods: RTSV-SP isolate was isolated from a recent outbreak in a paddy field in Seberang Perai zone of Malaysia. Its complete genome was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced. Results: Sequence analysis indicated that the genome of RTSV-SP consisted of 12,173 nucleotides (nt). Comparative analysis of 6 complete genome sequences using Clustal Omega showed that Seberang Perai isolate shared the highest nucleotide identity (96.04%) with Phili...