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Papers by Nada Eidaroos

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Campylobacter spp. causes severe issues in chickens. In this investigation. Campylobacter species... more Campylobacter spp. causes severe issues in chickens. In this investigation. Campylobacter species were isolated (182) in Dakahlia Governorate's from 440 broilers and 440 ballade breeds. Campylobacter coli 42 isolates (4%)and Campylobacter jejuni140isolates (16%). For C. jejuni, rates of recovery from various internal organs were 60%, 24%, 10%, and 5%, from the cloacal swab, heart, liver, and gizzard respectively. The morphological studies revealed that the majority of species from Campylobacter are motile, survive at 37-42C o , and are G-ve, slender spirally curled. They require 5%O2, 85%N2 and 10%CO2 to create a colony that looks like a dew drop on mCCDA media. By using API20, the suspected isolates were identical to typical Campylobacter

Slovenian Veterinary Research, Apr 22, 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecul... more This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular characterization of Aeromonas spp. from wild Nile tilapia from Lake Manzala and the lake water. Swabs from the surface, gills, and internal organs of apparently healthy Nile tilapia (n =100) and lake water (n = 25) were collected and examined bacteriologically for the presence of Aeromonas spp. The isolates obtained were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (bla TEM , sul1, tetA(A), and aadA1) and virulence genes (enterotoxins) (alt, ast, and act) was determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Overall, Aeromonas spp. were recovered from 69% of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples and 80% of water samples. Four types of aeromonads were detected in all the samples examined, namely, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae, and A. schubertii, with A. hydrophila predominating in both the fish and the lake water samples. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates showed very high resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and oxytetracycline and considerable resistance to streptomycin. However, all isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of the act (100%) and alt (37.5%) genes, but ast was not found in any of the isolates. Specific amplification bands of the antimicrobial resistance genes bla TEM , sul1, and tetA(A) were detected in all the tested isolates, whereas aadA1 (12.5%) was found only in one isolate of A. hydrophila from Nile tilapia. The presence of these enterotoxigenic and resistant Aeromonas spp. in the fish and water samples from Lake Manzala could pose a potential public health threat to human consumers and fish handlers in the study area; moreover, these species carry a risk for the transfer of resistance genes to other microbial communities in the lake.

Infection and Drug Resistance

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in ... more Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in the poultry production sector, and severe respiratory infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, oprL sequencing, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-determinant, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa retrieved from broiler chickens. Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from 120 broiler chickens from broiler farms at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Consequently, the bacteriological examination was conducted and the obtained P. aeruginosa strains were tested for oprL gene sequencing, antibiogram, and PCR screening of virulence, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa in the examined birds was 28.3%. The oprL gene sequence analysis underlined that the tested strain expressed a notable genetic identity with various P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different geographical areas in the USA, India, China, Chile, and Ghana. PCR evidenced that the obtained P. aeruginosa strains, carrying virulence-related genes: oprL, toxA, aprA, phzM, and exoS in a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 42.5%, 33.3%, and 25.9%, respectively. Moreover, the recovered P. aeruginosa strains possessed the Quorum sensing genes: lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR in a prevalence of 85.2%, 85.2%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 40.7% of the isolated P. aeruginosa were XDR to seven antimicrobial classes, possessing sul1, bla TEM , tetA, bla CTX-M , bla OXA-1 , and aadA1 genes. Conclusion: As we can tell, this is the first report emphasizing the evolution of XDR P. aeruginosa strains from broiler chicken in Egypt, which is supposed to be a serious threat to public health. The emerging XDR P. aeruginosa in poultry frequently harbored the oprL, toxA, and aprA virulence genes, the lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR Quorum sensing genes, and the sul1, bla TEM , tetA, bla CTXM , bla OXA-1 , and aadA1 resistance genes.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered the most predominant pseudomonas species, ca... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered the most predominant pseudomonas species, causing mortality in chickens at all ages. Two handered samples were collected from broiler chickens of ages ranging from 1 day to 35 days in Sharkia Province that suffered from respiratory distress, diarrhea, and omphalitis in chicks for isolation of P. aeruginosa and detection of its sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in broiler chickens was 10%. All the isolates showed beta hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar. The most effective antibiotics were amikacin (100%) and colistin sulphate (95%), followed by norfloxacin (70%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). The antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates revealed that all isolated P. aeruginosa were extensively drug-resistant. Subsequently, a farm is difficult to be cleared from P. aeruginosa because of its high resistance to numerous antibiotics so that strict hygienic measures should be applied inside poultry farms for controlling P. aeruginosa.

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal

The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Helicobacter species in cap... more The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Helicobacter species in captive wild felids in addition to perform serotyping, antibiotic sensitivity test to the isolated Salmonella spp. and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. A total of 60 fecal samples were collected from 30 captive wild felids from Giza zoo and private zoo in Egypt. All animals were apparent healthy except eight African lions (Panthera Leo) have a history of vomiting. Samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of Salmonella spp., followed by biochemical and serological tests. Moreover, obtained isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Fecal samples from lions with history of vomiting, were subjected to direct molecular identification for detection of Helicobacter spp. Overall, Salmonella spp. were isolated from 3 wild cats (Felis chaus). Two serovars of Salmonella were detected; S. Bovismorbificans and S. Southampton while Helicobacter felis was isolated from one African lion. Isolates of Salmonella spp. showed complete resistance to cefaclor (100%), cefoxitin (100%), and cefadroxil (100%); and very high resistance to tobramycin (66.7%), while it completely sensitive to Azithromycin (100%), Sulfa/trimethoprim (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%), Doxycycline (100%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (100%), Fosfomycin (100%) and Oxytetracycline (100%). blaTEM and blaSHV were confirmed in Salmonella isolates showing resistant to Cefaclor and Cefoxitin, and aadA2 in S. Bovismorbificans that showing resistant to tobramycin. S. Southampton and S. Bovismorbificans have invA, stn, sopB, and hilA genes while S. Bovismorbificans carry also pefA gene as a virulence genes.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ, 2019

Columnaris is one of the oldest known fish diseases caused by Flavobacterium columnare. The wide ... more Columnaris is one of the oldest known fish diseases caused by Flavobacterium columnare. The wide spreading of the causative agent in freshwater environments and the susceptibility of fish to be attacked by it after mechanical and/or environmental factors makes F. columnare among the most prevalent pathogens in cultured, ornamental, and wild fish populations. One hundred fishes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from ponds of Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research of Abbassa, Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt for Flavobacterium columnare isolation. F. columnare was isolated from (150) out of the (350) examined samples. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of F. columnare was (42.8%) in Oreochromis niloticus. The highest prevalence of F columnare was in gills (33.3%) followed by skin (30%) then fins (24.6%) and kidney (12%). These isolates were further characterized by PCR that revealed positive result for 16S RNA gene with specific amplicons size 675bp. The result of antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the isolates revealed that doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and streptomycin were the most effective drugs against F.columnare.

Veterinary World, 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting in treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Aeromonas spp. in wild Mugil cephalus and its surrounding seawater along the coastal road of Port Said, Egypt. Materials and Methods: Specimens were examined bacteriologically, confirmed biochemically, and tested for their sensitivity against 11 antimicrobial agents. Molecular confirmation of the obtained isolates by 16S rRNA was performed, followed by the detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Results: Aeromonas spp. was recovered from fish (44%) and water samples (36%). A. hydrophila was the most prevalent identified strain, followed by Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas schubertii. Moreover, 90% of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 26.67% were XDR. Tested isolates were r...

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, Mar 1, 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

AIM This study aimed to identify genotype enterotoxigenic antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus ... more AIM This study aimed to identify genotype enterotoxigenic antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species, mainly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) among commensal rodents. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 280 samples were collected from nasal and mouth swabs, heart blood, intestinal content, and lung tissues of 56 commensal rodents trapped from North Sinai, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to bacteriologically identified S. aureus isolates against 15 antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Detection was conducted for identifying coagulase gene (coA), antimicrobial-resistant genes (mecA and vanA/B), enterotoxigenic, and virulence determinant genes (hlg, seb, sed, and see) among the MRSA and VRSA isolates. RESULTS S. aureus species were isolated from 24 (42.86%) out of 56 rodents. Phenotypic examination revealed that all the isolates were multidrug-resistant, whereas two isolates were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). Out of 33 examined isolates, 33 (100%) were resistant to oxacillin and amoxicillin, 31 (93.93%) to cefoxitin, and 12 (36.36%) to vancomycin. PCR assay revealed that 24 isolates revealed (100%) positivity to coA gene, 17 (70.83%) to mecA gene, and 12 (50%) to vanA/B genes. Enterotoxin genes and hemolysin genes were detected among MRSA and VRSA isolates. There was a strong positive correlation between the tested antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence genes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the occurrence of MRSA and VRSA strains among commensal rodents in North Sinai, Egypt. The detection of enterotoxigenic and virulence genes of the isolated MRSA and VRSA strains indicated the health hazards of food contamination and zoonotic infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY This study emphasizes the role of commensal rodents in maintaining and disseminating multidrug-resistant MRSA and VRSA strains to the environment, animals, and human beings.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ

Bacterial diseases are responsible for sever mortalities and morbidities in cultured Nile tilapia... more Bacterial diseases are responsible for sever mortalities and morbidities in cultured Nile tilapia in Egypt in various fresh water fish farms and the increase of water temperature in summer has a significant effect on mortalities. A total number of 100 clinically diseased Nile Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) were collected alive randomly from Abbassa, Elsharkia (Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research) Egypt, to identify the bacterial pathogens affect that fish. Samples were isolated from liver, kidney, spleen, eye, ulcer and brain. The isolated fish pathogens were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Ps.fluorescense, Ps.putida and V.cholera by their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, Antibiotic sensitivity test and polymerase chain reaction test as a confirmatory results. The results of Anmicrobial sensitivity of the isolated strains revealed that tetracycline (TE30), oxytetracycline (T30), nalidixic acid (NA30), norfloxacin (NOR10) and sulpha-Trimethoprim (SXT25) were the drugs of choice against Aeromonas hydrophila, tetracycline (TE30),oxytetracycline (T30), tobramicin (TOB10) and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas flurocence, streptomycin (S10), tobramicin (TOB10), and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas putida While oxytetracycline (T30) and nalidixic acid (NA30) were the drugs of choice against Vibrio cholera. The results of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the antibiotic sensitivity test results and also confirmed the incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas flurocence and Vibrio cholera in the infected fish.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ

During the last two decades, the frequency of fungal infections increased with serious infections... more During the last two decades, the frequency of fungal infections increased with serious infections. Among these fungi, Candida species was the predominant yeast infection of human and animals. The predominant Candida spp. isolated from human and animals were C.albicans but, the incidence of NAC Candida has been increased. In this study, a total of 205 samples were collected from different human and animal sources. The isolates were identified by phenotypic, commercial biochemical API 20 C AUX kit and RFLP PCR and it was found that the RFLP PCR was the rapid, accurate and cost effective method of NAC identification. The most effective antifungal drug was amphotricin B and some isolates show resistance to common antifungal drugs as fluconazole.

Veterinary World, Jan 18, 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting in treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Aeromonas spp. in wild Mugil cephalus and its surrounding seawater along the coastal road of Port Said, Egypt.

Materials and Methods: Specimens were examined bacteriologically, confirmed biochemically, and tested for their sensitivity against 11 antimicrobial agents. Molecular confirmation of the obtained isolates by 16S rRNA was performed, followed by the detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.

Results: Aeromonas spp. was recovered from fish (44%) and water samples (36%). A. hydrophila was the most prevalent identified strain, followed by Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas schubertii. Moreover, 90% of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 26.67% were XDR. Tested isolates were resistant to β-lactams and sulfonamides (100%), oxytetracycline (90%), and streptomycin (62.22%) but completely susceptible to cefotaxime. XDR isolates successfully amplified resistance genes (blaTEM, sul1, and tetA(A)) but not the (aadA1) gene, although there was phenotypic resistance to streptomycin on plates. All XDR isolates carry the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act), but alt gene was detected in only one isolate (12.5%).

Conclusion: Data in this study provide a recent update and highlight the role of wild mullet and seawater as reservoirs for MDR and XDR Aeromonas spp. that may pose a risk to humans as food-borne infection or following direct contact.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Campylobacter spp. causes severe issues in chickens. In this investigation. Campylobacter species... more Campylobacter spp. causes severe issues in chickens. In this investigation. Campylobacter species were isolated (182) in Dakahlia Governorate's from 440 broilers and 440 ballade breeds. Campylobacter coli 42 isolates (4%)and Campylobacter jejuni140isolates (16%). For C. jejuni, rates of recovery from various internal organs were 60%, 24%, 10%, and 5%, from the cloacal swab, heart, liver, and gizzard respectively. The morphological studies revealed that the majority of species from Campylobacter are motile, survive at 37-42C o , and are G-ve, slender spirally curled. They require 5%O2, 85%N2 and 10%CO2 to create a colony that looks like a dew drop on mCCDA media. By using API20, the suspected isolates were identical to typical Campylobacter

Slovenian Veterinary Research, Apr 22, 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecul... more This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular characterization of Aeromonas spp. from wild Nile tilapia from Lake Manzala and the lake water. Swabs from the surface, gills, and internal organs of apparently healthy Nile tilapia (n =100) and lake water (n = 25) were collected and examined bacteriologically for the presence of Aeromonas spp. The isolates obtained were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (bla TEM , sul1, tetA(A), and aadA1) and virulence genes (enterotoxins) (alt, ast, and act) was determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Overall, Aeromonas spp. were recovered from 69% of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples and 80% of water samples. Four types of aeromonads were detected in all the samples examined, namely, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae, and A. schubertii, with A. hydrophila predominating in both the fish and the lake water samples. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates showed very high resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and oxytetracycline and considerable resistance to streptomycin. However, all isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of the act (100%) and alt (37.5%) genes, but ast was not found in any of the isolates. Specific amplification bands of the antimicrobial resistance genes bla TEM , sul1, and tetA(A) were detected in all the tested isolates, whereas aadA1 (12.5%) was found only in one isolate of A. hydrophila from Nile tilapia. The presence of these enterotoxigenic and resistant Aeromonas spp. in the fish and water samples from Lake Manzala could pose a potential public health threat to human consumers and fish handlers in the study area; moreover, these species carry a risk for the transfer of resistance genes to other microbial communities in the lake.

Infection and Drug Resistance

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in ... more Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in the poultry production sector, and severe respiratory infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, oprL sequencing, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-determinant, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa retrieved from broiler chickens. Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from 120 broiler chickens from broiler farms at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Consequently, the bacteriological examination was conducted and the obtained P. aeruginosa strains were tested for oprL gene sequencing, antibiogram, and PCR screening of virulence, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa in the examined birds was 28.3%. The oprL gene sequence analysis underlined that the tested strain expressed a notable genetic identity with various P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different geographical areas in the USA, India, China, Chile, and Ghana. PCR evidenced that the obtained P. aeruginosa strains, carrying virulence-related genes: oprL, toxA, aprA, phzM, and exoS in a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 42.5%, 33.3%, and 25.9%, respectively. Moreover, the recovered P. aeruginosa strains possessed the Quorum sensing genes: lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR in a prevalence of 85.2%, 85.2%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 40.7% of the isolated P. aeruginosa were XDR to seven antimicrobial classes, possessing sul1, bla TEM , tetA, bla CTX-M , bla OXA-1 , and aadA1 genes. Conclusion: As we can tell, this is the first report emphasizing the evolution of XDR P. aeruginosa strains from broiler chicken in Egypt, which is supposed to be a serious threat to public health. The emerging XDR P. aeruginosa in poultry frequently harbored the oprL, toxA, and aprA virulence genes, the lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR Quorum sensing genes, and the sul1, bla TEM , tetA, bla CTXM , bla OXA-1 , and aadA1 resistance genes.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered the most predominant pseudomonas species, ca... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered the most predominant pseudomonas species, causing mortality in chickens at all ages. Two handered samples were collected from broiler chickens of ages ranging from 1 day to 35 days in Sharkia Province that suffered from respiratory distress, diarrhea, and omphalitis in chicks for isolation of P. aeruginosa and detection of its sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in broiler chickens was 10%. All the isolates showed beta hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar. The most effective antibiotics were amikacin (100%) and colistin sulphate (95%), followed by norfloxacin (70%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). The antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates revealed that all isolated P. aeruginosa were extensively drug-resistant. Subsequently, a farm is difficult to be cleared from P. aeruginosa because of its high resistance to numerous antibiotics so that strict hygienic measures should be applied inside poultry farms for controlling P. aeruginosa.

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal

The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Helicobacter species in cap... more The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Helicobacter species in captive wild felids in addition to perform serotyping, antibiotic sensitivity test to the isolated Salmonella spp. and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. A total of 60 fecal samples were collected from 30 captive wild felids from Giza zoo and private zoo in Egypt. All animals were apparent healthy except eight African lions (Panthera Leo) have a history of vomiting. Samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of Salmonella spp., followed by biochemical and serological tests. Moreover, obtained isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Fecal samples from lions with history of vomiting, were subjected to direct molecular identification for detection of Helicobacter spp. Overall, Salmonella spp. were isolated from 3 wild cats (Felis chaus). Two serovars of Salmonella were detected; S. Bovismorbificans and S. Southampton while Helicobacter felis was isolated from one African lion. Isolates of Salmonella spp. showed complete resistance to cefaclor (100%), cefoxitin (100%), and cefadroxil (100%); and very high resistance to tobramycin (66.7%), while it completely sensitive to Azithromycin (100%), Sulfa/trimethoprim (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%), Doxycycline (100%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (100%), Fosfomycin (100%) and Oxytetracycline (100%). blaTEM and blaSHV were confirmed in Salmonella isolates showing resistant to Cefaclor and Cefoxitin, and aadA2 in S. Bovismorbificans that showing resistant to tobramycin. S. Southampton and S. Bovismorbificans have invA, stn, sopB, and hilA genes while S. Bovismorbificans carry also pefA gene as a virulence genes.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ, 2019

Columnaris is one of the oldest known fish diseases caused by Flavobacterium columnare. The wide ... more Columnaris is one of the oldest known fish diseases caused by Flavobacterium columnare. The wide spreading of the causative agent in freshwater environments and the susceptibility of fish to be attacked by it after mechanical and/or environmental factors makes F. columnare among the most prevalent pathogens in cultured, ornamental, and wild fish populations. One hundred fishes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from ponds of Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research of Abbassa, Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt for Flavobacterium columnare isolation. F. columnare was isolated from (150) out of the (350) examined samples. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of F. columnare was (42.8%) in Oreochromis niloticus. The highest prevalence of F columnare was in gills (33.3%) followed by skin (30%) then fins (24.6%) and kidney (12%). These isolates were further characterized by PCR that revealed positive result for 16S RNA gene with specific amplicons size 675bp. The result of antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the isolates revealed that doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and streptomycin were the most effective drugs against F.columnare.

Veterinary World, 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting in treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Aeromonas spp. in wild Mugil cephalus and its surrounding seawater along the coastal road of Port Said, Egypt. Materials and Methods: Specimens were examined bacteriologically, confirmed biochemically, and tested for their sensitivity against 11 antimicrobial agents. Molecular confirmation of the obtained isolates by 16S rRNA was performed, followed by the detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Results: Aeromonas spp. was recovered from fish (44%) and water samples (36%). A. hydrophila was the most prevalent identified strain, followed by Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas schubertii. Moreover, 90% of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 26.67% were XDR. Tested isolates were r...

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, Mar 1, 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

AIM This study aimed to identify genotype enterotoxigenic antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus ... more AIM This study aimed to identify genotype enterotoxigenic antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species, mainly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) among commensal rodents. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 280 samples were collected from nasal and mouth swabs, heart blood, intestinal content, and lung tissues of 56 commensal rodents trapped from North Sinai, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to bacteriologically identified S. aureus isolates against 15 antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Detection was conducted for identifying coagulase gene (coA), antimicrobial-resistant genes (mecA and vanA/B), enterotoxigenic, and virulence determinant genes (hlg, seb, sed, and see) among the MRSA and VRSA isolates. RESULTS S. aureus species were isolated from 24 (42.86%) out of 56 rodents. Phenotypic examination revealed that all the isolates were multidrug-resistant, whereas two isolates were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). Out of 33 examined isolates, 33 (100%) were resistant to oxacillin and amoxicillin, 31 (93.93%) to cefoxitin, and 12 (36.36%) to vancomycin. PCR assay revealed that 24 isolates revealed (100%) positivity to coA gene, 17 (70.83%) to mecA gene, and 12 (50%) to vanA/B genes. Enterotoxin genes and hemolysin genes were detected among MRSA and VRSA isolates. There was a strong positive correlation between the tested antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence genes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the occurrence of MRSA and VRSA strains among commensal rodents in North Sinai, Egypt. The detection of enterotoxigenic and virulence genes of the isolated MRSA and VRSA strains indicated the health hazards of food contamination and zoonotic infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY This study emphasizes the role of commensal rodents in maintaining and disseminating multidrug-resistant MRSA and VRSA strains to the environment, animals, and human beings.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ

Bacterial diseases are responsible for sever mortalities and morbidities in cultured Nile tilapia... more Bacterial diseases are responsible for sever mortalities and morbidities in cultured Nile tilapia in Egypt in various fresh water fish farms and the increase of water temperature in summer has a significant effect on mortalities. A total number of 100 clinically diseased Nile Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) were collected alive randomly from Abbassa, Elsharkia (Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research) Egypt, to identify the bacterial pathogens affect that fish. Samples were isolated from liver, kidney, spleen, eye, ulcer and brain. The isolated fish pathogens were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Ps.fluorescense, Ps.putida and V.cholera by their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, Antibiotic sensitivity test and polymerase chain reaction test as a confirmatory results. The results of Anmicrobial sensitivity of the isolated strains revealed that tetracycline (TE30), oxytetracycline (T30), nalidixic acid (NA30), norfloxacin (NOR10) and sulpha-Trimethoprim (SXT25) were the drugs of choice against Aeromonas hydrophila, tetracycline (TE30),oxytetracycline (T30), tobramicin (TOB10) and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas flurocence, streptomycin (S10), tobramicin (TOB10), and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas putida While oxytetracycline (T30) and nalidixic acid (NA30) were the drugs of choice against Vibrio cholera. The results of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the antibiotic sensitivity test results and also confirmed the incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas flurocence and Vibrio cholera in the infected fish.

Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ

During the last two decades, the frequency of fungal infections increased with serious infections... more During the last two decades, the frequency of fungal infections increased with serious infections. Among these fungi, Candida species was the predominant yeast infection of human and animals. The predominant Candida spp. isolated from human and animals were C.albicans but, the incidence of NAC Candida has been increased. In this study, a total of 205 samples were collected from different human and animal sources. The isolates were identified by phenotypic, commercial biochemical API 20 C AUX kit and RFLP PCR and it was found that the RFLP PCR was the rapid, accurate and cost effective method of NAC identification. The most effective antifungal drug was amphotricin B and some isolates show resistance to common antifungal drugs as fluconazole.

Veterinary World, Jan 18, 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting ... more Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has been a progressively documented problem, resulting in treatment failure in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Aeromonas spp. in wild Mugil cephalus and its surrounding seawater along the coastal road of Port Said, Egypt.

Materials and Methods: Specimens were examined bacteriologically, confirmed biochemically, and tested for their sensitivity against 11 antimicrobial agents. Molecular confirmation of the obtained isolates by 16S rRNA was performed, followed by the detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.

Results: Aeromonas spp. was recovered from fish (44%) and water samples (36%). A. hydrophila was the most prevalent identified strain, followed by Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas schubertii. Moreover, 90% of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 26.67% were XDR. Tested isolates were resistant to β-lactams and sulfonamides (100%), oxytetracycline (90%), and streptomycin (62.22%) but completely susceptible to cefotaxime. XDR isolates successfully amplified resistance genes (blaTEM, sul1, and tetA(A)) but not the (aadA1) gene, although there was phenotypic resistance to streptomycin on plates. All XDR isolates carry the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act), but alt gene was detected in only one isolate (12.5%).

Conclusion: Data in this study provide a recent update and highlight the role of wild mullet and seawater as reservoirs for MDR and XDR Aeromonas spp. that may pose a risk to humans as food-borne infection or following direct contact.