Nawaz Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nawaz Ahmed

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021

The history of Pakistan and Turkey has been marked by several common features with respect to the... more The history of Pakistan and Turkey has been marked by several common features with respect to the military’s predominant role in politics. The Armed Forces in both the states many a time intervened in the politics either directly by toppling down the elected civilian governments or indirectly by forcing the elected popular governments to step down. In the history of the two countries, military has been playing a crucial role in the political arena, and it has been considered by majority of the society as the savior in uncertain situations like civil wars, political chaos and natural crisis in the country. In this paper, the author attempts to examine comparatively the causes of the military tutelage and dominancy in the politics in Turkey and Pakistan in a historical perspective. And in the second part, the author attempts to compare and contrast the similarities in the nature of the military’s involvement in politics in both the states. In the last part of this paper, the author al...

Los amortiguadores son principales componentes de la suspension del automovil en la industria. El... more Los amortiguadores son principales componentes de la suspension del automovil en la industria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar las caracteristicas principales en el desempeno del amortiguador, sus posibilidades en los procesos de diseno en los contextos de aplicacion de software de simulacion, resaltando las tecnicas predictivas de modelado matematico, asi como pruebas experimentales para la identificacion de sus caracteristicas de trabajo al aplicarlo en la suspension. El proceso definido se aplico en funcion de modelos, optimizacion y la evolucion de este componente. La utilidad de esta revision sera desde el comportamiento del sistema como los criterios tales como caracteristicas cinematicas, estabilidad del vehiculo y comodidad de conduccion. Se concluye que en un futuro se deben considerar diferentes parametros objetivos, equilibrando la energia recuperada, el peso y costo del sistema total a traves de las diferentes tecnologias EHSA y complementar la eficiencia ...

Comprehensive Biotechnology, 2011

Functional foods and dietary supplements are a rapidly growing segment of the overall food market... more Functional foods and dietary supplements are a rapidly growing segment of the overall food market and contain numerous biologically active compounds that may contribute to the health-promoting properties of these foods. It is important both for the food industry and for the food inspection authorities to have analytical tools for quality and authenticity control of functional foods and related products. However, because of the complex matrices, the lack of validated analytical methods, and the limited availability of reference compounds, the analysis of raw material and finished products may pose a challenge. This article provides an overview of the methods currently used for the determination of bioactive constituents in functional foods and dietary supplements including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, coenzyme Q10, vitamins, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, dietary fiber, and selected botanicals.

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021

This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political chan... more This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political change in Pakistan by looking at it through the lens of the country’s historical progress. With an emphasis on historical evolution and current situation, the article also discusses social constraints that have made it difficult for women to engage in the political system in the past. Women’s political engagement should be enhanced in the future, and an assessment of these concerns may produce some helpful ideas. In this study article, researchers have examined employing a qualitative research approach which is also called market research method that focuses on acquiring data through open-ended and conversational dialogue. These qualitative research approaches allow for in-depth and additional probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the researchers also seek to understand their purpose and sentiments. The study also finds that Women’s political empowerment acro...

Blood

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increase... more Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass, as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. To exploit this altered metabolism, we assessed publicly available databases to identify FAO enzyme overexpression. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD; ACADVL) was found to be overexpressed and critical to leukemia cell mitochondrial metabolism. Genetic attenuation or pharmacological inhibition of VLCAD hindered mitochondrial respiration and FAO contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in decreased viability, proliferation, clonogenic growth, and AML cell engraftment. Suppression of FAO at VLCAD triggered an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that was insufficient to increase glycolysis but resulted in adenosine triphosphate depletion and AML cell death, with no effect on normal hematopoietic cells. Together, these results demons...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Independent Journal of Management & Production

This research observes the effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on the efficienc... more This research observes the effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on the efficiency of listed companies in Pakistan. The variables return on assets and return on equity are chosen as the firm’s efficiency of the textile sector for this research. Measures of corporate governance used are board size, director’s remuneration, and Audit committee members, whereas financial leverage is used as a control variable. The data of corporate governance, financial leverage, and efficiency variable are composed of annual reports of the top ten listed textile companies from Karachi stock exchange. The research consists of the period from 2012 to 2017. Panel data is used to examine four hypotheses and to test the significance of corporate governance and financial leverage on a firm's performance the OLS regression models are applied. The finding of this study revealed that board size, audit committee, director's remuneration is positively correlated with a firm's performa...

Scientific Reports

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) o... more Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) or polyols (i.e., avocadene and avocadyne) are metabolic modulators that selectively induce apoptosis of leukemia stem cells and reverse pathologies associated with diet-induced obesity. Delivery systems containing avocado polyols have not been described. Herein, natural surface active properties of these polyols are characterized and incorporated into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) that rely on molecular self-assembly to form fine, transparent, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as small as 20 nanometers in diameter. Mechanistically, a 1:1 molar ratio of avocadene and avocadyne (i.e., avocatin B or AVO was shown to be a eutectic mixture which can be employed as a novel, bioactive, co-surfactant that significantly reduces droplet size of medium-chain triglyceride O/W emulsions stabilized with polysorbate 80. In vitro cytotoxicity of avocado polyol-SEDDS in acute myeloid leu...

Blood

Targeting cell metabolism has emerged as a viable treatment strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (A... more Targeting cell metabolism has emerged as a viable treatment strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant hematological disease characterized by poor patient outcomes and limited chemotherapeutic options. Compared to the normal hematopoietic population, leukemia cells exhibit an altered phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. Mitochondrial FAO is a four-reaction process that catabolizes fatty acids to acetyl-CoA, generating reductive equivalents for the electron transport chain (ETC) and anaplerotic intermediates for the TCA cycle. Clinically approved FAO inhibitors, such as trimetazidine and ranolazine, are tissue-specific, targeting FAO in some tissues but affecting additional pathways in others. To better understand the potential clinical utility of targeting FAO, we systematically tested a panel of clinical and pre-clinical FAO inhibitors, reasoning tha...

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Current Alzheimer research, Jan 9, 2018

PDGFβ receptors and their ligand, PDGF-BB, are upregulated in vivo after neuronal insults such as... more PDGFβ receptors and their ligand, PDGF-BB, are upregulated in vivo after neuronal insults such as ischemia. When applied exogenously, PDGF-BB is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity and HIV proteins. Given this growth factor's neuroprotective ability, we sought to determine if PDGF-BB would be neuroprotective against amyloid-β (1-42), one of the pathological agents associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In both primary hippocampal neurons and the human-derived neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, amyloid- treatment for 24 h decreased surviving cell number in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with PDGF-BB failed to provide any neuroprotection against amyloid-β in primary neurons and only very limited protective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition to its neuroprotective action, PDGF promotes cell growth and division in several systems, and the application of PDGF-BB alone to serum-starved SH-SY5Y cells resulted in an increase in cell number. Amyloid-β attenua...

Journal of natural products, Jan 22, 2018

Avocatin B, an avocado-derived compound mixture, was demonstrated recently to possess potent anti... more Avocatin B, an avocado-derived compound mixture, was demonstrated recently to possess potent anticancer activity by selectively targeting and eliminating leukemia stem cells. Avocatin B is a mixture of avocadene and avocadyne, two 17-carbon polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), first discovered in avocado seeds; their quantities in avocado pulp are unknown. Analytical methods to detect avocado seed PFAs have utilized NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS; both of these lack quantitative capacity and accuracy. Herein, we report a sensitive LC-MS method for the quantitation of avocadene and avocadyne in avocado seed and pulp. The method has a reliable and linear response range of 0.1-50 μM (0.03-17.2 ng/μL) for both avocadene and avocadyne ( r> 0.990) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.1 μM. The intra- and interassay accuracy and precision of the quality control (QC) samples at LLOQ showed ≤18.2% percentage error and ≤14.4% coefficient of variation (CV). The intra- and interassa...

Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, May 6, 2015

The scarcity of fossil fuel and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has made every 2 nd fuel user to thi... more The scarcity of fossil fuel and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has made every 2 nd fuel user to think on some alternative resources, or at least devise some sort of technique to overcome the shortage of fuel during CNG holidays. Thus this study covers an overview of HHO gas production, principles behind the reactions and statistical examples, observations of many engineers and observers who determined to make a use of HHO as additional fuel source. Up to now studies reveals that it is possible to produce burnable vapors of HHO gas in result of hydrolysis of distilled water with combination of some electrolyte sodium or potassium hydro oxides. That Mixture is generally called Hydrogen-Hydro oxide mixture (H-OH) can give 25%-28% efficiency to fuel combustion if used with fossil fuel. With thermodynamics advantages, by hydrolysis of steam and using different materials as electrode, using 1.3volt to 1.7volt at 0.4 A/cm² the total efficiency can be increased to 40-50% to enhance its utilization for industry use. But need to refine the misconceptions HHO gas is a standalone replacement of fossil fuel for a practical use in cars, scoters and other means of transport. This study suggest policy makers and entrepreneurs to take some supportive actions to promote HHO gas generators/ kits production because this is a low cost solution to cover the shortage of fossil fuel.

In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the motivational factors that lead to ch... more In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the motivational factors that lead to change their mind to switch from 2G to 3G technologies (Mobile Telecommunication Technology) in Karachi. The main objective of this research is to find out the motivational factors that lead to change their mind to switch from 2G to 3G technologies in Karachi and the research question of the study is also addresses the factors that motivate the mobile phone users to switch 3G technology. The study was originated by taking some previous literatures and tried to find out the research gap. This subject was never studied in Karachi context and this was the main purpose of this researchto identify the major gapsof undertaken subject in Pakistan's context. Quantitative research approach was used with 219 sample of respondents participated in the study. Data was collected from the university going students of the Karachi. Reliability was tested through reliability test, which shows 79.8%, so, it showsthe sample data is reliable. This reliability allowed us to further analyze the data, Chi square test was applied on collected sample. The findings of the study showed that respondents and 3G technology users are not likely to be adopting this technology in Karachi context.

Transformations in Business and Economics

The global trend of outsourcing in telecommunication industry demonstrates the reduction in overa... more The global trend of outsourcing in telecommunication industry demonstrates the reduction in overall costs and a need to be more competitive in the international market. This paper analyzes the outsourcing phenomenon and its impact on the cost of doing business in telecommunication business in Pakistan. In this regard different reasons have been examined as correlation and multiple linear regression methodology has been applied to check how the reasons correlate. In this regard the SPSS software has been used to analyze the dataset and to come to methodology-based conclusions. Statistical quantitative tool like correlation and multiple linear regressions were used in this paper. The results of the findings reveal that some of the reasons are strongly positively correlated or negatively correlated if they include negative characteristics as business risk and disadvantages. The Multiple linear regressions show that the only two reasons - critical drivers and benefits - met by outsourci...

ACM/IEEE SC 2000 Conference (SC'00), 2000

We present compiler technology for synthesizing sparse matrix code from (i) dense matrix code, an... more We present compiler technology for synthesizing sparse matrix code from (i) dense matrix code, and (ii) a description of the index structure of a sparse matrix. Our approach is to embed statement instances into a Cartesian product of statement iteration and data spaces, and to produce efficient sparse code by identifying common enumerations for multiple references to sparse matrices. The approach works for imperfectly-nested codes with dependences, and produces sparse code competitive with handwritten library code for the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS).

Wheat is the staple food crop all over the world. Tilletia indica causing Karnal bunt of wheat no... more Wheat is the staple food crop all over the world. Tilletia indica causing Karnal bunt of wheat now considered alarming factor due to considerable losses in terms of crop yield. Chemical control of Karnal bunt is yet very difficult so there was need of alternate control especially biological control. Detailed survey was done for the collection of infected grains and the soil for pathogen as well as antagonistic microbe isolation. In-vitro tests were performed to check the antagonistic properties against Tilletia indica. Field evaluation of these rhizobacterial isolates with and without salicylic acid was done in BARI Bahawalpur. Already screened two susceptible advance lines and one moderately susceptible variety was selected for further studies. Seeds treated with three antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates were grown in plots already treated with salicylic acid and untreated as control. Treatments were assessed for incidence of karnal bunt in susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties of wheat. Incidence of Karnal bunt was significantly lower in antagonistic rhizobacterial treated seeds sown in salicylic acid treated plots as compared to untreated plots.

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 2015

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including serotonin (5-HT) receptors promote the activi... more Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including serotonin (5-HT) receptors promote the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) via intracellular signaling pathways in a process termed transactivation. Although transactivation pathways are commonly initiated by a GPCR, a recent report demonstrated that serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were able to block 5-HT-induced transactivation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) type β receptor. We show that a 45 min pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the SSRI fluoxetine indeed blocked 5-HT-induced transactivation of the PDGFβ receptor. However, upon further examination, we discovered that during the pretreatment period, fluoxetine itself was transiently transactivating the PDGFβ receptor via 5-HT2 receptor activation. After 45min, the increase in PDGFβ receptor phosphorylation induced by fluoxetine had returned to baseline, but a subsequent transactivating stimulus (5-HT) failed to "re-transactivate" the PDGFβ receptor. We further demonstrate that 45min, but not 3h, 5-HT pretreatment blocks dopamine-induced PDGFβ receptor transactivation. This did not involve changes in PDGF receptor function, since ligand (PDGF)-induced PDGFβ receptor activation was not inhibited by 5-HT pretreatment. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the heterologous desensitization of an RTK transactivation pathway and reveals a previously unknown short-term "blackout" period where no additional transactivation signaling is possible.

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021

The history of Pakistan and Turkey has been marked by several common features with respect to the... more The history of Pakistan and Turkey has been marked by several common features with respect to the military’s predominant role in politics. The Armed Forces in both the states many a time intervened in the politics either directly by toppling down the elected civilian governments or indirectly by forcing the elected popular governments to step down. In the history of the two countries, military has been playing a crucial role in the political arena, and it has been considered by majority of the society as the savior in uncertain situations like civil wars, political chaos and natural crisis in the country. In this paper, the author attempts to examine comparatively the causes of the military tutelage and dominancy in the politics in Turkey and Pakistan in a historical perspective. And in the second part, the author attempts to compare and contrast the similarities in the nature of the military’s involvement in politics in both the states. In the last part of this paper, the author al...

Los amortiguadores son principales componentes de la suspension del automovil en la industria. El... more Los amortiguadores son principales componentes de la suspension del automovil en la industria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar las caracteristicas principales en el desempeno del amortiguador, sus posibilidades en los procesos de diseno en los contextos de aplicacion de software de simulacion, resaltando las tecnicas predictivas de modelado matematico, asi como pruebas experimentales para la identificacion de sus caracteristicas de trabajo al aplicarlo en la suspension. El proceso definido se aplico en funcion de modelos, optimizacion y la evolucion de este componente. La utilidad de esta revision sera desde el comportamiento del sistema como los criterios tales como caracteristicas cinematicas, estabilidad del vehiculo y comodidad de conduccion. Se concluye que en un futuro se deben considerar diferentes parametros objetivos, equilibrando la energia recuperada, el peso y costo del sistema total a traves de las diferentes tecnologias EHSA y complementar la eficiencia ...

Comprehensive Biotechnology, 2011

Functional foods and dietary supplements are a rapidly growing segment of the overall food market... more Functional foods and dietary supplements are a rapidly growing segment of the overall food market and contain numerous biologically active compounds that may contribute to the health-promoting properties of these foods. It is important both for the food industry and for the food inspection authorities to have analytical tools for quality and authenticity control of functional foods and related products. However, because of the complex matrices, the lack of validated analytical methods, and the limited availability of reference compounds, the analysis of raw material and finished products may pose a challenge. This article provides an overview of the methods currently used for the determination of bioactive constituents in functional foods and dietary supplements including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, coenzyme Q10, vitamins, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, dietary fiber, and selected botanicals.

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021

This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political chan... more This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political change in Pakistan by looking at it through the lens of the country’s historical progress. With an emphasis on historical evolution and current situation, the article also discusses social constraints that have made it difficult for women to engage in the political system in the past. Women’s political engagement should be enhanced in the future, and an assessment of these concerns may produce some helpful ideas. In this study article, researchers have examined employing a qualitative research approach which is also called market research method that focuses on acquiring data through open-ended and conversational dialogue. These qualitative research approaches allow for in-depth and additional probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the researchers also seek to understand their purpose and sentiments. The study also finds that Women’s political empowerment acro...

Blood

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increase... more Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass, as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. To exploit this altered metabolism, we assessed publicly available databases to identify FAO enzyme overexpression. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD; ACADVL) was found to be overexpressed and critical to leukemia cell mitochondrial metabolism. Genetic attenuation or pharmacological inhibition of VLCAD hindered mitochondrial respiration and FAO contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in decreased viability, proliferation, clonogenic growth, and AML cell engraftment. Suppression of FAO at VLCAD triggered an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that was insufficient to increase glycolysis but resulted in adenosine triphosphate depletion and AML cell death, with no effect on normal hematopoietic cells. Together, these results demons...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Independent Journal of Management & Production

This research observes the effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on the efficienc... more This research observes the effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on the efficiency of listed companies in Pakistan. The variables return on assets and return on equity are chosen as the firm’s efficiency of the textile sector for this research. Measures of corporate governance used are board size, director’s remuneration, and Audit committee members, whereas financial leverage is used as a control variable. The data of corporate governance, financial leverage, and efficiency variable are composed of annual reports of the top ten listed textile companies from Karachi stock exchange. The research consists of the period from 2012 to 2017. Panel data is used to examine four hypotheses and to test the significance of corporate governance and financial leverage on a firm's performance the OLS regression models are applied. The finding of this study revealed that board size, audit committee, director's remuneration is positively correlated with a firm's performa...

Scientific Reports

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) o... more Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) or polyols (i.e., avocadene and avocadyne) are metabolic modulators that selectively induce apoptosis of leukemia stem cells and reverse pathologies associated with diet-induced obesity. Delivery systems containing avocado polyols have not been described. Herein, natural surface active properties of these polyols are characterized and incorporated into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) that rely on molecular self-assembly to form fine, transparent, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as small as 20 nanometers in diameter. Mechanistically, a 1:1 molar ratio of avocadene and avocadyne (i.e., avocatin B or AVO was shown to be a eutectic mixture which can be employed as a novel, bioactive, co-surfactant that significantly reduces droplet size of medium-chain triglyceride O/W emulsions stabilized with polysorbate 80. In vitro cytotoxicity of avocado polyol-SEDDS in acute myeloid leu...

Blood

Targeting cell metabolism has emerged as a viable treatment strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (A... more Targeting cell metabolism has emerged as a viable treatment strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant hematological disease characterized by poor patient outcomes and limited chemotherapeutic options. Compared to the normal hematopoietic population, leukemia cells exhibit an altered phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. Mitochondrial FAO is a four-reaction process that catabolizes fatty acids to acetyl-CoA, generating reductive equivalents for the electron transport chain (ETC) and anaplerotic intermediates for the TCA cycle. Clinically approved FAO inhibitors, such as trimetazidine and ranolazine, are tissue-specific, targeting FAO in some tissues but affecting additional pathways in others. To better understand the potential clinical utility of targeting FAO, we systematically tested a panel of clinical and pre-clinical FAO inhibitors, reasoning tha...

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Current Alzheimer research, Jan 9, 2018

PDGFβ receptors and their ligand, PDGF-BB, are upregulated in vivo after neuronal insults such as... more PDGFβ receptors and their ligand, PDGF-BB, are upregulated in vivo after neuronal insults such as ischemia. When applied exogenously, PDGF-BB is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity and HIV proteins. Given this growth factor's neuroprotective ability, we sought to determine if PDGF-BB would be neuroprotective against amyloid-β (1-42), one of the pathological agents associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In both primary hippocampal neurons and the human-derived neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, amyloid- treatment for 24 h decreased surviving cell number in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with PDGF-BB failed to provide any neuroprotection against amyloid-β in primary neurons and only very limited protective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition to its neuroprotective action, PDGF promotes cell growth and division in several systems, and the application of PDGF-BB alone to serum-starved SH-SY5Y cells resulted in an increase in cell number. Amyloid-β attenua...

Journal of natural products, Jan 22, 2018

Avocatin B, an avocado-derived compound mixture, was demonstrated recently to possess potent anti... more Avocatin B, an avocado-derived compound mixture, was demonstrated recently to possess potent anticancer activity by selectively targeting and eliminating leukemia stem cells. Avocatin B is a mixture of avocadene and avocadyne, two 17-carbon polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), first discovered in avocado seeds; their quantities in avocado pulp are unknown. Analytical methods to detect avocado seed PFAs have utilized NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS; both of these lack quantitative capacity and accuracy. Herein, we report a sensitive LC-MS method for the quantitation of avocadene and avocadyne in avocado seed and pulp. The method has a reliable and linear response range of 0.1-50 μM (0.03-17.2 ng/μL) for both avocadene and avocadyne ( r> 0.990) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.1 μM. The intra- and interassay accuracy and precision of the quality control (QC) samples at LLOQ showed ≤18.2% percentage error and ≤14.4% coefficient of variation (CV). The intra- and interassa...

Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, May 6, 2015

The scarcity of fossil fuel and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has made every 2 nd fuel user to thi... more The scarcity of fossil fuel and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has made every 2 nd fuel user to think on some alternative resources, or at least devise some sort of technique to overcome the shortage of fuel during CNG holidays. Thus this study covers an overview of HHO gas production, principles behind the reactions and statistical examples, observations of many engineers and observers who determined to make a use of HHO as additional fuel source. Up to now studies reveals that it is possible to produce burnable vapors of HHO gas in result of hydrolysis of distilled water with combination of some electrolyte sodium or potassium hydro oxides. That Mixture is generally called Hydrogen-Hydro oxide mixture (H-OH) can give 25%-28% efficiency to fuel combustion if used with fossil fuel. With thermodynamics advantages, by hydrolysis of steam and using different materials as electrode, using 1.3volt to 1.7volt at 0.4 A/cm² the total efficiency can be increased to 40-50% to enhance its utilization for industry use. But need to refine the misconceptions HHO gas is a standalone replacement of fossil fuel for a practical use in cars, scoters and other means of transport. This study suggest policy makers and entrepreneurs to take some supportive actions to promote HHO gas generators/ kits production because this is a low cost solution to cover the shortage of fossil fuel.

In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the motivational factors that lead to ch... more In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the motivational factors that lead to change their mind to switch from 2G to 3G technologies (Mobile Telecommunication Technology) in Karachi. The main objective of this research is to find out the motivational factors that lead to change their mind to switch from 2G to 3G technologies in Karachi and the research question of the study is also addresses the factors that motivate the mobile phone users to switch 3G technology. The study was originated by taking some previous literatures and tried to find out the research gap. This subject was never studied in Karachi context and this was the main purpose of this researchto identify the major gapsof undertaken subject in Pakistan's context. Quantitative research approach was used with 219 sample of respondents participated in the study. Data was collected from the university going students of the Karachi. Reliability was tested through reliability test, which shows 79.8%, so, it showsthe sample data is reliable. This reliability allowed us to further analyze the data, Chi square test was applied on collected sample. The findings of the study showed that respondents and 3G technology users are not likely to be adopting this technology in Karachi context.

Transformations in Business and Economics

The global trend of outsourcing in telecommunication industry demonstrates the reduction in overa... more The global trend of outsourcing in telecommunication industry demonstrates the reduction in overall costs and a need to be more competitive in the international market. This paper analyzes the outsourcing phenomenon and its impact on the cost of doing business in telecommunication business in Pakistan. In this regard different reasons have been examined as correlation and multiple linear regression methodology has been applied to check how the reasons correlate. In this regard the SPSS software has been used to analyze the dataset and to come to methodology-based conclusions. Statistical quantitative tool like correlation and multiple linear regressions were used in this paper. The results of the findings reveal that some of the reasons are strongly positively correlated or negatively correlated if they include negative characteristics as business risk and disadvantages. The Multiple linear regressions show that the only two reasons - critical drivers and benefits - met by outsourci...

ACM/IEEE SC 2000 Conference (SC'00), 2000

We present compiler technology for synthesizing sparse matrix code from (i) dense matrix code, an... more We present compiler technology for synthesizing sparse matrix code from (i) dense matrix code, and (ii) a description of the index structure of a sparse matrix. Our approach is to embed statement instances into a Cartesian product of statement iteration and data spaces, and to produce efficient sparse code by identifying common enumerations for multiple references to sparse matrices. The approach works for imperfectly-nested codes with dependences, and produces sparse code competitive with handwritten library code for the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS).

Wheat is the staple food crop all over the world. Tilletia indica causing Karnal bunt of wheat no... more Wheat is the staple food crop all over the world. Tilletia indica causing Karnal bunt of wheat now considered alarming factor due to considerable losses in terms of crop yield. Chemical control of Karnal bunt is yet very difficult so there was need of alternate control especially biological control. Detailed survey was done for the collection of infected grains and the soil for pathogen as well as antagonistic microbe isolation. In-vitro tests were performed to check the antagonistic properties against Tilletia indica. Field evaluation of these rhizobacterial isolates with and without salicylic acid was done in BARI Bahawalpur. Already screened two susceptible advance lines and one moderately susceptible variety was selected for further studies. Seeds treated with three antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates were grown in plots already treated with salicylic acid and untreated as control. Treatments were assessed for incidence of karnal bunt in susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties of wheat. Incidence of Karnal bunt was significantly lower in antagonistic rhizobacterial treated seeds sown in salicylic acid treated plots as compared to untreated plots.

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 2015

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including serotonin (5-HT) receptors promote the activi... more Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including serotonin (5-HT) receptors promote the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) via intracellular signaling pathways in a process termed transactivation. Although transactivation pathways are commonly initiated by a GPCR, a recent report demonstrated that serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were able to block 5-HT-induced transactivation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) type β receptor. We show that a 45 min pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the SSRI fluoxetine indeed blocked 5-HT-induced transactivation of the PDGFβ receptor. However, upon further examination, we discovered that during the pretreatment period, fluoxetine itself was transiently transactivating the PDGFβ receptor via 5-HT2 receptor activation. After 45min, the increase in PDGFβ receptor phosphorylation induced by fluoxetine had returned to baseline, but a subsequent transactivating stimulus (5-HT) failed to "re-transactivate" the PDGFβ receptor. We further demonstrate that 45min, but not 3h, 5-HT pretreatment blocks dopamine-induced PDGFβ receptor transactivation. This did not involve changes in PDGF receptor function, since ligand (PDGF)-induced PDGFβ receptor activation was not inhibited by 5-HT pretreatment. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the heterologous desensitization of an RTK transactivation pathway and reveals a previously unknown short-term "blackout" period where no additional transactivation signaling is possible.