Niklas Berge - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Niklas Berge
Ingenieria Quimica, 2005
El objetivo del proyecto INTCON ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema de control optimizado del pro... more El objetivo del proyecto INTCON ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema de control optimizado del proceso de combustion de plantas incineradoras con tecnologia de parrillas. Estas incineradoras de parrillas se emplean normalmente para la incineracion de residuos y biomasa. Este sistema de control ha sido desarrollado como proyecto financiado por la Comunidad Europea dentro del V Programa Marco. 1. Introduccion El consorcio del proyecto INTCON lo forman las empresas: TPS (Suecia), CINAR (Reino Unido), CIRCE (Espana) y Tecnatom (Espana). Cada una de estas empresas ya tenia una experiencia previa en el desarrollo de sistemas de control, aplicaciones practicas de inteligencia artificial, etc. Este sistema de control ha sido desarrollado dentro de un proyecto financiado por la Comunidad Europea dentro del V Programa Marco (NNE5-2001-00128). Como colaboradora del proyecto esta la empresa sueca Terniska Verken, usuaria final del sistema desarrollado. Esta empresa ha puesto la planta piloto, una incineradora sita en Linkoping (Suecia). El sistema desarrollado en el proyecto, valido para incineradoras de parrillas, ha sido configurado y adaptado a la planta piloto, en la cual se han validado los distintos modulos que componen el sistema, primero individualmente y posteriormente de forma integrada
Chemosphere, 1991
A synthetic refuse was used as fuel in a laboratory combustion reactor to study the influence of ... more A synthetic refuse was used as fuel in a laboratory combustion reactor to study the influence of combustion parameters on the formation of polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The experiments were performed according to an experimental plan of two level fractional factorial design which allows variation of many combustion parameters simultaneously. The parameters studied include bed temperature, O 2concentration, temperature and residence time in the post combustion zone, and the HC1 and H20 concentration. The results show that thd reactor and fuel simulate municipal solid waste incineration well, and that the parameters of most importance for PCDD/F formation are the residence time and the temperature profile in the cooler.
Powder Technology, Feb 1, 1992
Based on a simplified approach to turbulence modelling, a qualitative equation is derived for the... more Based on a simplified approach to turbulence modelling, a qualitative equation is derived for the turbulent mixing of gas in circulating fluidised beds. As a result, an explicit equation for the local turbulent diffusion constant in two-phase flows is presented. The model takes into account operating parameters such as particle diameter, gas viscosity and shaft diameter. Predictions are shown to agree well with experimental data on gas mixing in a cold rig with a cross-section 0.3X 0.4 m. They also compare well with literature data on local turbulence intensities in a 30 mm tube measured with LDA-technique.
The present work aims at studying the interaction between the fuel bed and the furnace in a grate... more The present work aims at studying the interaction between the fuel bed and the furnace in a grate fired boiler using wood chips. The heat and mass transfer from the furnace, i.e. the homogeneous combustion reactions and thermal radiation to the fuel bed is simulated using a general-purpose CFD code (Fluent). The resulting release of gases, i.e. the water vapour, pyrolysis gas, CO and CO 2 , from the bed is simulated by a fuel bed model. The fuel bed model is based on experiments in a laboratory-scale cylindrical furnace using wood chips with varied moisture contents. The wood chips rest on a fixed grate through which combustion air is added. The fuel bed is heated from the top by a radiant heater kept at a constant temperature to resemble the conditions in a grate-fired boiler. During the experiment, the bed temperatures are measured at several positions above the grate and the mass loss of the bed material is recorded simultaneously. Experiments show that the mass loss and heating of a fuel bed varies with the moisture content, bed porosity and density. A fixed bed model describing the combustion process, i.e. drying, pyrolysis and char reactions, in a fuel bed is being developed. Integration of the fuel bed model as part of a general furnace model for grate-fired boilers is carried out. This preliminary study focuses on the influence of fuel moisture content on the predicted temperature and species distributions in a utility grate-fired boiler. The results are presented and discussed in this paper. This work demonstrates that the developed model has a potential as a promising engineering tool for design and optimisation of biomass combustion in grate-fired boilers.
Environmental Science & Technology, 1994
A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor fueled by a synthetic waste was used to study the influe... more A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor fueled by a synthetic waste was used to study the influence of the flue gas temperature profile after the combustor on the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. An experimental plan of full factorial design involving the variables temperature and residence time was chosen for the experiments. Flue gas samples with residence time in the cooling section of the reactor between 0.9 and 2.9 s were collected at temperatures between 260 and 510 "C. Response surface models describing the formation of toxic equivalents of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and benzenes as a function of temperature and residence time were constructed from the analytical results. The samples were also analyzed for non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls. The results show that all the above compounds exhibit a similar dependency on temperature and residence time. The highest levels were obtained at 340 "C and 2.9-s residence time, and the lowest levels were obtained under conditions of rapid quenching of the flue gas temperature to 260 "C.
Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, 1988
Environmental Science & Technology, 1993
... Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in a Pilot Incinerator Ingrid Fangmark,'*t Bert van Ba... more ... Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in a Pilot Incinerator Ingrid Fangmark,'*t Bert van Bavel,t Steilan Marklund,? ... To check for memory effects between experiments, one blank sample was collected in the middle of the experimental series after the normal cleaning of the reactor. ...
Chemosphere, 1990
... A PILOT COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING DIOXIN EMISSION, PART H. Ingrid F~ingmarkl, Stellan ... more ... A PILOT COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING DIOXIN EMISSION, PART H. Ingrid F~ingmarkl, Stellan Marklund1, Christoffer Rappel, Birgitta Str6mberg2, Niklas Berge2 1 ... The amounts of He1 and H20 added for the high levels corresponds to the burning of a fuel with 2, ...
Ingenieria Quimica, 2005
El objetivo del proyecto INTCON ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema de control optimizado del pro... more El objetivo del proyecto INTCON ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema de control optimizado del proceso de combustion de plantas incineradoras con tecnologia de parrillas. Estas incineradoras de parrillas se emplean normalmente para la incineracion de residuos y biomasa. Este sistema de control ha sido desarrollado como proyecto financiado por la Comunidad Europea dentro del V Programa Marco. 1. Introduccion El consorcio del proyecto INTCON lo forman las empresas: TPS (Suecia), CINAR (Reino Unido), CIRCE (Espana) y Tecnatom (Espana). Cada una de estas empresas ya tenia una experiencia previa en el desarrollo de sistemas de control, aplicaciones practicas de inteligencia artificial, etc. Este sistema de control ha sido desarrollado dentro de un proyecto financiado por la Comunidad Europea dentro del V Programa Marco (NNE5-2001-00128). Como colaboradora del proyecto esta la empresa sueca Terniska Verken, usuaria final del sistema desarrollado. Esta empresa ha puesto la planta piloto, una incineradora sita en Linkoping (Suecia). El sistema desarrollado en el proyecto, valido para incineradoras de parrillas, ha sido configurado y adaptado a la planta piloto, en la cual se han validado los distintos modulos que componen el sistema, primero individualmente y posteriormente de forma integrada
Chemosphere, 1991
A synthetic refuse was used as fuel in a laboratory combustion reactor to study the influence of ... more A synthetic refuse was used as fuel in a laboratory combustion reactor to study the influence of combustion parameters on the formation of polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The experiments were performed according to an experimental plan of two level fractional factorial design which allows variation of many combustion parameters simultaneously. The parameters studied include bed temperature, O 2concentration, temperature and residence time in the post combustion zone, and the HC1 and H20 concentration. The results show that thd reactor and fuel simulate municipal solid waste incineration well, and that the parameters of most importance for PCDD/F formation are the residence time and the temperature profile in the cooler.
Powder Technology, Feb 1, 1992
Based on a simplified approach to turbulence modelling, a qualitative equation is derived for the... more Based on a simplified approach to turbulence modelling, a qualitative equation is derived for the turbulent mixing of gas in circulating fluidised beds. As a result, an explicit equation for the local turbulent diffusion constant in two-phase flows is presented. The model takes into account operating parameters such as particle diameter, gas viscosity and shaft diameter. Predictions are shown to agree well with experimental data on gas mixing in a cold rig with a cross-section 0.3X 0.4 m. They also compare well with literature data on local turbulence intensities in a 30 mm tube measured with LDA-technique.
The present work aims at studying the interaction between the fuel bed and the furnace in a grate... more The present work aims at studying the interaction between the fuel bed and the furnace in a grate fired boiler using wood chips. The heat and mass transfer from the furnace, i.e. the homogeneous combustion reactions and thermal radiation to the fuel bed is simulated using a general-purpose CFD code (Fluent). The resulting release of gases, i.e. the water vapour, pyrolysis gas, CO and CO 2 , from the bed is simulated by a fuel bed model. The fuel bed model is based on experiments in a laboratory-scale cylindrical furnace using wood chips with varied moisture contents. The wood chips rest on a fixed grate through which combustion air is added. The fuel bed is heated from the top by a radiant heater kept at a constant temperature to resemble the conditions in a grate-fired boiler. During the experiment, the bed temperatures are measured at several positions above the grate and the mass loss of the bed material is recorded simultaneously. Experiments show that the mass loss and heating of a fuel bed varies with the moisture content, bed porosity and density. A fixed bed model describing the combustion process, i.e. drying, pyrolysis and char reactions, in a fuel bed is being developed. Integration of the fuel bed model as part of a general furnace model for grate-fired boilers is carried out. This preliminary study focuses on the influence of fuel moisture content on the predicted temperature and species distributions in a utility grate-fired boiler. The results are presented and discussed in this paper. This work demonstrates that the developed model has a potential as a promising engineering tool for design and optimisation of biomass combustion in grate-fired boilers.
Environmental Science & Technology, 1994
A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor fueled by a synthetic waste was used to study the influe... more A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor fueled by a synthetic waste was used to study the influence of the flue gas temperature profile after the combustor on the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. An experimental plan of full factorial design involving the variables temperature and residence time was chosen for the experiments. Flue gas samples with residence time in the cooling section of the reactor between 0.9 and 2.9 s were collected at temperatures between 260 and 510 "C. Response surface models describing the formation of toxic equivalents of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and benzenes as a function of temperature and residence time were constructed from the analytical results. The samples were also analyzed for non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls. The results show that all the above compounds exhibit a similar dependency on temperature and residence time. The highest levels were obtained at 340 "C and 2.9-s residence time, and the lowest levels were obtained under conditions of rapid quenching of the flue gas temperature to 260 "C.
Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, 1988
Environmental Science & Technology, 1993
... Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in a Pilot Incinerator Ingrid Fangmark,'*t Bert van Ba... more ... Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in a Pilot Incinerator Ingrid Fangmark,'*t Bert van Bavel,t Steilan Marklund,? ... To check for memory effects between experiments, one blank sample was collected in the middle of the experimental series after the normal cleaning of the reactor. ...
Chemosphere, 1990
... A PILOT COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING DIOXIN EMISSION, PART H. Ingrid F~ingmarkl, Stellan ... more ... A PILOT COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING DIOXIN EMISSION, PART H. Ingrid F~ingmarkl, Stellan Marklund1, Christoffer Rappel, Birgitta Str6mberg2, Niklas Berge2 1 ... The amounts of He1 and H20 added for the high levels corresponds to the burning of a fuel with 2, ...