Norbert Keil - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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Papers by Norbert Keil

Research paper thumbnail of Photonic Integrated Circuits for Terahertz Communication: The Hybrid Integrated Microwave Photonic approach

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2021

Research paper thumbnail of 2D Optical Phased Arrays for Laser Beam Steering Based On 3D Polymer Photonic Integrated Circuits

Journal of Lightwave Technology

We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OP... more We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) with end-fire waveguides as antenna elements (AEs), and we present its theoretical model and experimental proof. The concept is based on the use of 3-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple waveguiding layers on the PolyBoard platform. In their simplest form, the 3D PICs comprise AEs at different layers, vertical and lateral couplers for the distribution of light among the AEs, and phase shifters for the execution of the 2D beam scanning process. Using the field equivalence principle, we model the radiated field from the single-mode waveguide of the platform at 1550 nm, and we find that the expected beam width is 12.7°. We also investigate the perturbation that is induced into propagating fields inside parallel waveguides in proximity, and we conclude that waveguide spacings down to 6 µm can be safely used for development of uniform OPAs in the PolyBoard platform. For OPAs with 6 µm pitch and 4 AEs, we find that the maximum steering angle is 14.0°and the expected angular clearance, wherein the main radiation lobe is higher than any grating lobe by at least 3, 6 and 10 dB is 10.8°, 7.6°and 2.8°, respectively. Based on our simulations, we design and fabricate single-and 2-layer PICs with 1 × 4 and 2 × 4 OPAs. The lateral pitch of the OPAs ranges from 10 down to 6 µm, while the vertical pitch is 7.2 µm. We experimentally characterize these OPAs and validate the potential of the 2-layer PICs for 2D beam scanning on the azimuthal and elevation plane. The beam profiles and the main scanning parameters such as the maximum steering angle and the relative intensity between the main and the grating lobes are found in excellent agreement with our simulations.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Losses on the Laser Voltage Drop of the Active Section

Journal of Lightwave Technology

We present a model of a tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser describing the effect of ... more We present a model of a tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser describing the effect of cavity losses on the gain voltage. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. Measurements show the gain voltage trace for Bragg grating and phase section tuning. The model is also valid for lasers with optical feedback from an external reflection.

Research paper thumbnail of Hybrid integration of a polarization independent optical circulator

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXIV

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Drop-Test for Lectin Binding with Glycopolymer-Coated Optical Ring Resonators

Biosensors

We fabricated a simple sensor system for qualitative analysis of glycan-mediated interactions. Ou... more We fabricated a simple sensor system for qualitative analysis of glycan-mediated interactions. Our main aim was to establish a ronbbust system that allowes drop-tests without complex fluidics. The test system should be usable in routine analytics in the future and bear sufficient sensitivity to detect binding events in the nanomolar range. For this, we employed optical ring resonators and coated them with high avidity glycopolymers based on N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). These hydrophilic polymers are also very feasible in preventing unspecific protein adsorption. Drop-on binding studies with suitable lectins showed that glycopolymers were specifically recognized by a lectin with GlcNAc-specificity and prevented unspecific protein interactions very well. The system could be elaborated in the future for detection of glycan-mediated interactions in the biomedical field and is promising in means of multiplexed analysis and usage in routine analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Data Transmission at Terahertz Carrier Waves Generated from a Hybrid InP-Polymer Dual Tunable DBR Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit

Scientific reports, Jan 14, 2018

We report for the first time the successful wavelength stabilization of two hybrid integrated InP... more We report for the first time the successful wavelength stabilization of two hybrid integrated InP/Polymer DBR lasers through optical injection. The two InP/Polymer DBR lasers are integrated into a photonic integrated circuit, providing an ideal source for millimeter and Terahertz wave generation by optical heterodyne technique. These lasers offer the widest tuning range of the carrier wave demonstrated to date up into the Terahertz range, about 20 nm (2.5 THz) on a single photonic integrated circuit. We demonstrate the application of this source to generate a carrier wave at 330 GHz to establish a wireless data transmission link at a data rate up to 18 Gbit/s. Using a coherent detection scheme we increase the sensitivity by more than 10 dB over direct detection.

Research paper thumbnail of Recent Developments in the Polymer Photonic Integration Technology

Advanced Photonics 2016 (IPR, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, SOF), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Photonics-based millimeter and terahertz wave generation using a hybrid integrated dual DBR polymer laser

2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Method for shifting the central wavelength of optical waveguide devices by irradiation

Research paper thumbnail of Thermosetting Plastics as Substrate Materials for Optical Systems

Research paper thumbnail of OFC2011 NKeil Polymer PLC as an Optical Integration Bench

Research paper thumbnail of Graphene-based electro-absorption modulator integrated in a passive polymer waveguide platform

Optical Materials Express, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyanate Copolymers Prepared from Polyfunctional Cyanates and Fluorinated Monocyanates, and Optical Elements Prepared Therefrom

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyanate copolymers prepared from polyfunctional cyanates and fluorinated monocyanates

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Integration Technologies for Disruptive Capacity Upgrade in Data Centre Systems

Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Optical waveguide switch

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer enabled 100Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications

Optics Communications, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and Chemical Properties of Polycyanurate Ester Resins for Use in Integrated Optics

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of side reactions on the optical loss of polycyanurate thermosets used in integrated optics

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer-based Passive Photonic Components with on-chip Fiber Grooves and Thin Film Filters

Passive photonic components based on polymer planar waveguides combined with integrated thin film... more Passive photonic components based on polymer planar waveguides combined with integrated thin film filters are demonstrated. Etched on-chip grooves provide the possibility of automatic and passive fiber attachment with high coupling efficiency. 1x2 multiplexers show extremely low insertion loss (< 1 dB) and low crosstalk level (<-30 dB). Integrated polarization splitters exhibit more than 35dB TE/TM extinction ratio over a 20nm wavelength window.

Research paper thumbnail of Photonic Integrated Circuits for Terahertz Communication: The Hybrid Integrated Microwave Photonic approach

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2021

Research paper thumbnail of 2D Optical Phased Arrays for Laser Beam Steering Based On 3D Polymer Photonic Integrated Circuits

Journal of Lightwave Technology

We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OP... more We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) with end-fire waveguides as antenna elements (AEs), and we present its theoretical model and experimental proof. The concept is based on the use of 3-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple waveguiding layers on the PolyBoard platform. In their simplest form, the 3D PICs comprise AEs at different layers, vertical and lateral couplers for the distribution of light among the AEs, and phase shifters for the execution of the 2D beam scanning process. Using the field equivalence principle, we model the radiated field from the single-mode waveguide of the platform at 1550 nm, and we find that the expected beam width is 12.7°. We also investigate the perturbation that is induced into propagating fields inside parallel waveguides in proximity, and we conclude that waveguide spacings down to 6 µm can be safely used for development of uniform OPAs in the PolyBoard platform. For OPAs with 6 µm pitch and 4 AEs, we find that the maximum steering angle is 14.0°and the expected angular clearance, wherein the main radiation lobe is higher than any grating lobe by at least 3, 6 and 10 dB is 10.8°, 7.6°and 2.8°, respectively. Based on our simulations, we design and fabricate single-and 2-layer PICs with 1 × 4 and 2 × 4 OPAs. The lateral pitch of the OPAs ranges from 10 down to 6 µm, while the vertical pitch is 7.2 µm. We experimentally characterize these OPAs and validate the potential of the 2-layer PICs for 2D beam scanning on the azimuthal and elevation plane. The beam profiles and the main scanning parameters such as the maximum steering angle and the relative intensity between the main and the grating lobes are found in excellent agreement with our simulations.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Losses on the Laser Voltage Drop of the Active Section

Journal of Lightwave Technology

We present a model of a tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser describing the effect of ... more We present a model of a tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser describing the effect of cavity losses on the gain voltage. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. Measurements show the gain voltage trace for Bragg grating and phase section tuning. The model is also valid for lasers with optical feedback from an external reflection.

Research paper thumbnail of Hybrid integration of a polarization independent optical circulator

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXIV

Research paper thumbnail of Rapid Drop-Test for Lectin Binding with Glycopolymer-Coated Optical Ring Resonators

Biosensors

We fabricated a simple sensor system for qualitative analysis of glycan-mediated interactions. Ou... more We fabricated a simple sensor system for qualitative analysis of glycan-mediated interactions. Our main aim was to establish a ronbbust system that allowes drop-tests without complex fluidics. The test system should be usable in routine analytics in the future and bear sufficient sensitivity to detect binding events in the nanomolar range. For this, we employed optical ring resonators and coated them with high avidity glycopolymers based on N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). These hydrophilic polymers are also very feasible in preventing unspecific protein adsorption. Drop-on binding studies with suitable lectins showed that glycopolymers were specifically recognized by a lectin with GlcNAc-specificity and prevented unspecific protein interactions very well. The system could be elaborated in the future for detection of glycan-mediated interactions in the biomedical field and is promising in means of multiplexed analysis and usage in routine analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Wireless Data Transmission at Terahertz Carrier Waves Generated from a Hybrid InP-Polymer Dual Tunable DBR Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit

Scientific reports, Jan 14, 2018

We report for the first time the successful wavelength stabilization of two hybrid integrated InP... more We report for the first time the successful wavelength stabilization of two hybrid integrated InP/Polymer DBR lasers through optical injection. The two InP/Polymer DBR lasers are integrated into a photonic integrated circuit, providing an ideal source for millimeter and Terahertz wave generation by optical heterodyne technique. These lasers offer the widest tuning range of the carrier wave demonstrated to date up into the Terahertz range, about 20 nm (2.5 THz) on a single photonic integrated circuit. We demonstrate the application of this source to generate a carrier wave at 330 GHz to establish a wireless data transmission link at a data rate up to 18 Gbit/s. Using a coherent detection scheme we increase the sensitivity by more than 10 dB over direct detection.

Research paper thumbnail of Recent Developments in the Polymer Photonic Integration Technology

Advanced Photonics 2016 (IPR, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, SOF), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Photonics-based millimeter and terahertz wave generation using a hybrid integrated dual DBR polymer laser

2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Method for shifting the central wavelength of optical waveguide devices by irradiation

Research paper thumbnail of Thermosetting Plastics as Substrate Materials for Optical Systems

Research paper thumbnail of OFC2011 NKeil Polymer PLC as an Optical Integration Bench

Research paper thumbnail of Graphene-based electro-absorption modulator integrated in a passive polymer waveguide platform

Optical Materials Express, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyanate Copolymers Prepared from Polyfunctional Cyanates and Fluorinated Monocyanates, and Optical Elements Prepared Therefrom

Research paper thumbnail of Polycyanate copolymers prepared from polyfunctional cyanates and fluorinated monocyanates

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Integration Technologies for Disruptive Capacity Upgrade in Data Centre Systems

Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Optical waveguide switch

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer enabled 100Gbaud connectivity for datacom applications

Optics Communications, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Physical and Chemical Properties of Polycyanurate Ester Resins for Use in Integrated Optics

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of side reactions on the optical loss of polycyanurate thermosets used in integrated optics

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer-based Passive Photonic Components with on-chip Fiber Grooves and Thin Film Filters

Passive photonic components based on polymer planar waveguides combined with integrated thin film... more Passive photonic components based on polymer planar waveguides combined with integrated thin film filters are demonstrated. Etched on-chip grooves provide the possibility of automatic and passive fiber attachment with high coupling efficiency. 1x2 multiplexers show extremely low insertion loss (< 1 dB) and low crosstalk level (<-30 dB). Integrated polarization splitters exhibit more than 35dB TE/TM extinction ratio over a 20nm wavelength window.

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