Nuraddeen N . Garba - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nuraddeen N . Garba

Science World Journal, Apr 8, 2018

In recent times, there has been consistent demand for drinkable water to meet the growing populat... more In recent times, there has been consistent demand for drinkable water to meet the growing population of Obajana environs, where cement factory is situated. The mean gross alpha and beta activities in drinkable water around the communities of the cement factory, following a continuous exposure of workers and habitants was determined using a low background Gas-less counting system with solid state silicon detector for alpha and beta detection. The average activities for gross alpha and beta water ranged between 0.002871±0.00957 to 0.05335±0.0253 Bq/l and 0.2937±0.0588 to 39.96±11.3000 Bq/l, respectively. The alpha and beta geometric mean of the whole samples were found to be 0.0156±0.01487 Bq/l and 10.9±13.8373 Bq/l, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R), was found to be R = 0.8181, which shows there is a good relationship between the measured gross Alpha and Beta (activity). The average annual committed effective dose for water intake was between 0.149 mSv to 20.100 mSv, the recommended reference level for ingested dose for drinkable water was however exceeded in most locations, thus making the water in most locations not quite safe for consumption.

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

Nigerian Journal of Scientific Research, Apr 15, 2017

Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2021

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2016

This study was aimed at providing the baseline data of terrestrial gamma dose rates and natural r... more This study was aimed at providing the baseline data of terrestrial gamma dose rates and natural radioactivity to assess the corresponding health risk in the ambient environment of the Pahang State. Terrestrial gamma radiation (TGR) from 640 locations was measured with the mean value found to be 176 ± 5 nGy h(-1). Ninety-eight soil samples were analysed using a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe), and the mean concentrations of the radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K are 110 ± 3, 151 ± 5 and 542 ± 51 Bq kg(-1), respectively.(226)Ra and (232)Th concentrations were found to be three times the world average, while that of (40)K is quite higher than the world average value. The acid-intrusive geological formation has the highest mean concentrations for (226)Ra (215 ± 6 Bq kg(-1)), (232)Th (384 ± 12 Bq kg(-1)) and (40)K (1564 ± 153 Bq kg(-1)). The radium equivalent activities (Req) and the external hazard index (Hex) for the various soil types were also calculated. Some of the soil types were found to have values exceeding the internationally recommended levels of 370 Bq kg(-1) and the unity value, respectively.

____________________________________________________________________________________ The nutritio... more ____________________________________________________________________________________ The nutritional role and the essentially of trace elements as well as their biochemical and pathological significance to man and animals have been recently reviewed by several researchers. Elemental concentrations of local rice and maize were determined using the instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique. Twenty one elements (Hg and Pa) were determined and analyzed in these cereals foods. Two locally cultivated rice and maize samples were obtained directly from the farmers and two rice and maize samples grown under surveillance condition were collected from Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The samples were irradiated for long regimes (6 hours) in a neutron flux of 5x10 11 ncm -2 s -1 with the Nigerian Research Reactor at the

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) flame atomization technique was used to analyzed the concent... more Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) flame atomization technique was used to analyzed the concentration of Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Ni on the soil samples collected from a segment of the Samaru highway (Sokoto Road) from Main gate to North gate (and from North gate to Main gate) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of ten (10) samples from both sides of the road were collected systematically and analyzed at the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria. The result of the analysis showed that Lead (Pb) has the highest concentration level followed by Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) with mean values of 1.4439ppm and1.7850 ppm, 0.3192ppm and 0.3254ppm, 0.0154ppm and 0.0131ppm, and 0.1726ppm and 0.1449ppm respectively. The concentration level of the heavy metals obtained from the analysis is lower than the Maximum Permissible Limits of 20ppm, 0.2ppm, 60ppm, and 0.25ppm for Lead, Manganese, Chromium and Cadmium respectively.

Radiological studies to determine the health hazard associated with concentrations of natural rad... more Radiological studies to determine the health hazard associated with concentrations of natural radionuclides 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in soils of northern part of Pahang state Malaysia were conducted. In situ measurement for external gamma radiation and soil samples was taken from different locations covering the entire districts of the study area. The in situ measurements were conducted using NaI[Ti] detector. The mean terrestrial gamma dose rate (TGDR) was found to be 185 ± 7 nGy h-1. The soil samples were measured using high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) and analyzed using Genie2000 software. The results obtained shows that the mean activity concentrations of the radionuclides 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the area were 117 ± 4, 151 ± 5 and 622 ± 57 Bq kg-1 , respectively. The Radium equivalent activities (R eq), External hazard index (H ex) and Annual Effective Dose (AED) out doors were also found to be 380 Bq kg-1 , 1.027 and 0.210 mSv year-1 , respectively. The results were compared with values given in United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (2000).

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2014

Abstract This study aims to obtain baseline data of environmental terrestrial radiation and to as... more Abstract This study aims to obtain baseline data of environmental terrestrial radiation and to assess the corresponding health risk in the ambient environment in Muar District, Johor, Malaysia in view of the possible construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) in the future. The external gamma dose rate (GDR), measured using two portable survey meters, was 151 nGy h −1 . The activity concentrations of 232 Th, 226 Ra, and 40 K were determined using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations were varied from 11±1 to 583±18 Bq kg −1 for 232 Th, 6±1 to 244±9 Bq kg −1 for 226 Ra, and 13±6 to 830±13 Bq kg −1 for 40 K. Various types of water samples were analyzed using a Low Background Alpha Beta Series 5 XLB instrument at Nuclear Malaysia (NM). Gross alpha activity concentrations in tap water varied from 3±1 mBq L −1 to 34±6 mBq L −1 and gross beta activity concentrations varied from 58±5 mBq L −1 to 709±39 mBq L −1 which were lower than the recommended value by Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS) and World Health Organization ( WHO, 1993 ). The radiological health which are the annual effective dose equivalent, the collective effective dose, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index 0.220 mSv, 0.526×10 2 man Sv y −1 , 359 Bq kg −1 and 0.969, respectively. The results were comparable to internationally recommended values and discussed accordingly.

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

The Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) is the third Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) to h... more The Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) is the third Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) to have undergone core conversion from high enriched uranium (HEU) to low enriched uranium (LEU). In order to optimize its use for NAA, the neutron spectrum parameters of NIRR-1 irradiation channels were determined using neutron foil monitors. Furthermore, the detector efficiency curves of the new gamma-ray spectrometry set up for use with the newly commissioned LEU core of the reactor have also been determined by primary gamma ray standards at two different geometries. For the neutron parameters, the epithermal flux shape factor, α for inner irradiation channel B3 and an outer irradiation channel B4 as well as the thermal-to-epithermal neutron flux ratio, f, for the same channels were determined by the "Cd-ratio Multi-monitor Method". Results of α-parameters were found to be-0.054±0.003 and +0.029±0.004 for channels B3 and B4 respectively. Similarly, the f values were determined to be 19.67±0.30 and 48.6 ±0.004 respectfully. The efficiency curves in the energy range of 59 keV to 1840 keV far and near geometries were determined for the new gamma ray spectrometry setup are presented. Data obtained for NIRR-1 LEU core are compared with reported values for other reactor facilities with similar core configuration. The results show that the conversion of NIRR-1 from HEU to LEU has little or no impact on the neutron flux parameter and by extension utilization of the reactor for NAA.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022

Current Science, 2015

Terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rate measurements have been made in Pahang state, Malaysi... more Terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rate measurements have been made in Pahang state, Malaysia. Significant variations were found between TGRD measurements and the underlying geological formations. In some cases revealing significant elevations of TGRD. The acid-intrusive geological formation has the highest mean TGRD measurement of 367 nGy h-1. This is more than six times the world average value of 59 nGy/h-1, while the quaternary geological formation has the lowest mean gamma radiation dose rate of 99 nGy h-1. The annual effective dose equivalent outdoor to the population was 0.216 mSv. The lifetime equivalent dose and relative lifetime cancer risks for an individual living in Pahang state were 81 mSv and 4.7 × 10-3 respectively. These values are more than two times the world average of 34 mSv and 1.95 × 10-3 respectively.

Radiochimica Acta, 2019

This present study aims to obtain baseline data of environmental terrestrial radiation and to ass... more This present study aims to obtain baseline data of environmental terrestrial radiation and to assess the corresponding health risk in the ambient environment in eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The measurements were taken 1 m above the soil surface using NaI [Ti] detector with a total of 2144 measured points which covered all geological formations and soil types. The measured gamma dose rates ranged from 26 nGy h−1 to 750 nGy h−1 with a mean value of 172±90 nGy h−1. The mean gamma dose rate is three times higher than world averages of 57 nGy h−1. The data of gamma dose rates show the reading of the gamma dose rates not fit to the normal distribution. The variations of gamma dose rates based on geological formation and soil types were investigated using the unbalanced one way ANOVA. The results indicated strong significant differences due to the different geological formations and soil types. The T-test of gamma dose rates for each pair of soil types or geological formations an...

This study reviewed radiological research works conducted in the state of Kelantan, Peninsular Ma... more This study reviewed radiological research works conducted in the state of Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. A total number of eleven research articles available to the authors were reviewed and reported accordingly in this paper. From the studies it was observed that not much has been done in revealing the radiological state of the region despite been blessed with abundant granitic rock deposit. Some of the papers reviewed reported the presence of high activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides i.e. 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 222Rn, and 40K in some study areas like work of (Siti Afiqah et al, 2012; Mohammed Kasim et al, 2011 etc.) while few studies were reported to be below the global and Malaysian average as can be seen in the text

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2015

The activity concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were determined by gamma spectrometry in tw... more The activity concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were determined by gamma spectrometry in twenty-six different brands of powdered milk available in Malaysia. The measured activity concentration was then used to estimate the radiation hazard indices in term of ingestion dose and cancer risk. The total ingestion dose was found to range between 35.19 and 461.72 lSv y-1 and the estimated cancer risk for adult is 1.23 9 10-4. These results were found to be below the internationally recommended level. This indicates that the powdered milk in Malaysia would not pose any significant radiological impact to the population. Keywords Cancer risk Á Gamma spectrometry Á Ingestion dose Á 226 Ra Á 232 Th and 40 K & W.