O. Gudmundsen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by O. Gudmundsen
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007
Uric acid, total protein and Hb concentrations fell post-operatively. Urea and CRP concentrations... more Uric acid, total protein and Hb concentrations fell post-operatively. Urea and CRP concentrations were significantly elevated. TAC was significantly reduced following oesophago-gastric surgery and by day 8 post-operatively it had failed to recover to baseline values. The consequences of these changes on morbidity and mortality are currently being investigated in this vulnerable group of patients.
Summary The present open pilot study was carried out in order to investigate a new pate nted conc... more Summary The present open pilot study was carried out in order to investigate a new pate nted concept for skin treatment. The new concept is intended for use in treatment of ageing skin. The oi ntment contain s conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and retiny l palmitate (RP). Both ingredients are conjugated wi th the biopolyme r chitosan in order to improve water solubility, increase skin penetration and inhibit oxi dation of the active substances. A number of studies have previously been carri ed out with conjuga ted retinyl palmit ate, where the conjugation mostly has been done using ~ - cyclodextri n. We included 20 females in our study and the treatment period was three months. Objective measure me nts of skin-thickness and elasticity were carried out initially and after three months. Subjective observati ons and scores were performed by the participants themselves using visual analogue scales (VASs) initi all y and at the end of the study. The results s howed a significant improvem...
Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3, 2006
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2011
Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) is a medicinal mushroom with a long tradition of use in Asia. The majo... more Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) is a medicinal mushroom with a long tradition of use in Asia. The major active substance in L. edodes is a (1-6,1-3)-beta-glucan (lentinan). No clinical controlled studies have yet investigated the effect of orally administered lentinan on the immune response in healthy, elderly Caucasian subjects. We evaluated the effect and the safety of a beta-glucan from L. edodes mycelium, Lentinex ® , in healthy, elderly subjects in a double blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-two subjects were randomly allocated to two groups given orally either 2.5 mg/day Lentinex ® or placebo for 6 weeks; then after a washout period of 4 weeks, the alternate supplementation was given for 6 weeks. The changes in the number of B-cells were significantly different between the groups. The number of NK cells increased significantly in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Other factors of the immune response (immunoglobulins, complement proteins, cytokines) were not altered. The safety blood variables (differential cell count, liver function, kidney function, and other blood chemistry) were not influenced by Lentinex ® , and the number, nature, and severity of adverse events were similar to placebo. Lentinex ® given orally to elderly subjects was safe and induced an increase in the number of circulating B-cells.
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2005
Fifty-five patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (mean age, 49 years) were enrolled in a placeb... more Fifty-five patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (mean age, 49 years) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, crossover study to investigate the effects of GH therapy on exercise capacity, body composition, and quality of life (QOL). GH and placebo were administered for 9 months each, separated by a 4-month washout period. GH therapy was individually dosed to obtain an IGF-I concentration within the normal range for age and sex. The final mean daily dose of GH was 1.2 IU/day for men and 1.8 IU/day for women. Mean IGF-I concentration at baseline was higher in men than in women (95±33 vs 68±41 μg/l respectively; P < 0.04) and increased to a similar level on GH therapy. Body fat mass was reduced by 1.9±2.9 kg and lean body mass was increased by 1.8±2.8 kg (P = 0.0001 for each) with GH treatment. Total and low-density cholesterol levels decreased. Absolute maximal oxygen uptake increased by 6% (P = 0.01), relative to body weight by 9% (P = 0.004), and there was a trend toward increa...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 21, 2005
Lipids, 2002
CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their co... more CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their content of CLA isomers and their degree of purification. As a group of natural FA, CLA have been widely assumed to be safe. However, the suspected presence of both impurities and particular isomers might induce undesirable side effects. Despite this potential health risk, only a few CLA preparations have been tested under rigorous conditions for clinical efficacy and safety. Based on the limited results available, it is possible to suggest that preparations enriched in c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers are preferable for human consumption compared to preparations containing four isomers, in terms both of safety and efficacy.
Journal of lipid research, 1993
The hepatic uptake of intravenously injected beta-very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in rab... more The hepatic uptake of intravenously injected beta-very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in rabbits fed 2% (w/w) cholesterol for 3 weeks was investigated. In vitro studies were also conducted to examine the specificity and the capacity of the uptake in isolated liver parenchymal cells. The hepatic uptake of beta-VLDL was 15.8 +/- 6.7% (n = 6) in the cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared to 26.6 +/- 7.5% (n = 6) of the injected dose in control rabbits (P < 0.05). Although this is a fractional reduction, it represents a more than 10-fold increase in absolute hepatic uptake of lipoproteins in the cholesterol-fed rabbits. In these animals the liver parenchymal, endothelial, and Kupffer cells took up 10.2 +/- 2.7%, 3.0 +/- 0.9%, and 1.8 +/- 0.4% of the injected dose, respectively, compared to 25.9 +/- 6.1%, 3.6 +/- 1.6%, and 1.5 +/- 0.8% of the injected dose in chow-fed controls. However, taking into account the high plasma lipoprotein levels in the cholesterol-fed rabbits, the absolu...
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1993
The intracellular transport of [125I]tyramine cellobiose low-density lipoprotein ([125ITC]LDL) an... more The intracellular transport of [125I]tyramine cellobiose low-density lipoprotein ([125ITC]LDL) and [131ITC]beta-very-low-density lipoprotein ([131ITC]beta-VLDL) in rat liver was studied by means of centrifugation in sucrose and Nycodenz gradients. At time-points up to 45 min after intravenous injection, the two ligands were found in endosomes with distinctly different buoyant densities. In the Nycodenz gradients [131ITC]beta-VLDL appeared at 1.08 g/ml partly coinciding with the distribution of the cation independent (alpha)mannose-6-phosphate receptor, whereas [125ITC]LDL was found at 1.13 mg/ml, where the degradation of [125ITC]LDL started. [131ITC]beta-VLDL, on the other hand, was transferred to denser vesicles, banding at 1.16 g/ml, and degradation started in these organelles, similar to that observed with asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) that was used as a control ligand. Since degradation products coincided with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase we assume that these organelles are secondary...
The role of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells in the hepatic uptake of cholesterol-rich low den... more The role of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells in the hepatic uptake of cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in rabbits fed a diet containing 2% (w/w) cholesterol for 3 weeks. 125I-labeled tyramine cellobiose-labeled cholesterol-rich LDL was injected intravenously into rabbits, and parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells were isolated 24 h after injection. The hepatic uptake was 9 +/- 3% of injected dose in cholesterol-fed rabbits 24 h after injection, as compared to 36 +/- 9% in control-fed rabbits (n = 6 in each group; significant difference, P less than 0.005). Endothelial and Kupffer cells took up 2.7 +/- 0.5% and 1.2 +/- 0.8% of injected dose in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits, as compared to 1.9 +/- 0.8% and 0.8 +/- 0.3% in control animals. The amount accounted for by the parenchymal cells was markedly reduced in the cholesterol-fed rabbits to 7.3 +/- 2.7% of injected dose, as compared to 32.8 +/- 7.6% in controls (P less than 0.02). On a per cell ba...
Biochemical Society transactions, 1989
This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of daily conjugated linoleic... more This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of daily conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in healthy exercising humans. This was a random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 healthy humans of normal body weight and body mass index less than 25.0 kg/m2, who did standardized physical exercise in a gym for 90 min three times weekly. Participants took either placebo (hydrogel) or CLA 0.6 mg, three times daily, as two capsules during meals, for 12 weeks. Body fat, measured using near infrared light, was significantly reduced in the CLA group during the study, but not in the placebo group. No effects on body weight were observed. Tolerability was good and similar in the two groups. Compliance, as judged by the number of returned capsules, was more than 80 % of the recommended dose for all participants. Thus CLA reduces body fat but not body weight in healthy exercising humans of normal body weight.
The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan 5, 1990
Vanadate is a phosphate analogue that inhibits enzymes involved in phosphate release and transfer... more Vanadate is a phosphate analogue that inhibits enzymes involved in phosphate release and transfer reactions (Simons, T. J. B. (1979) Nature 281, 337-338). Since such reactions may play important roles in endocytosis, we studied the effects of vanadate on various steps in receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid labeled with 125I-tyramine-cellobiose (125I-TC-AOM). The labeled degradation products formed from 125I-TC-AOM are trapped in the lysosomes and may therefore serve as lysosomal markers in subcellular fractionation studies. Vanadate reduced the amount of active surface asialoglycoprotein receptors approximately 70%, but had no effect on the rate of internalization and retroendocytosis of ligand. The amount of surface asialoglycoprotein receptors can be reduced by lowering the incubation temperature gradually from 37 to 15 degrees C (Weigel, P. H., and Oka, J. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5089-5094); vanadate affected only the temperature--sensitive receptors. Vanadat...
Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3, 2006
After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (... more After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of
Lipids, 2002
CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their co... more CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their content of CLA isomers and their degree of purification. As a group of natural FA, CLA have been widely assumed to be safe. However, the suspected presence of both impurities and particular isomers might induce undesirable side effects. Despite this potential health risk, only a few CLA preparations have been tested under rigorous conditions for clinical efficacy and safety. Based on the limited results available, it is possible to suggest that preparations enriched in c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers are preferable for human consumption compared to preparations containing four isomers, in terms both of safety and efficacy.
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 21, 2005
After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (... more After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of the extension study were to evaluate the safety [with clinical chemistry analyses and reported adverse events (AEs)] and assess the effects of CLA on body composition [body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral mass (BMM)], body weight, and BMI. All subjects were supplemented with 3.4g CLA/d in the triglyceride form. Circulating lipoprotein(a) and thrombocytes increased in all groups. There was no change in fasting blood glucose. Aspartate amino transferase, but not alanine amino transferase, increased significantly. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged. The AE rate decreased compared with the first 12 mo of the study. Body weight and BFM were reduced in the subjects administered the placebo during the initial 12 mo study (Ϫ1.6 Ϯ 3.2 and Ϫ1.7 Ϯ 2.8 kg, respectively). No fat or body weight changes occurred in the 2 groups given CLA during the initial 12 mo. LBM and BMM were not affected in any of the groups. Changes in body composition were not related to diet and/or training.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007
Uric acid, total protein and Hb concentrations fell post-operatively. Urea and CRP concentrations... more Uric acid, total protein and Hb concentrations fell post-operatively. Urea and CRP concentrations were significantly elevated. TAC was significantly reduced following oesophago-gastric surgery and by day 8 post-operatively it had failed to recover to baseline values. The consequences of these changes on morbidity and mortality are currently being investigated in this vulnerable group of patients.
Summary The present open pilot study was carried out in order to investigate a new pate nted conc... more Summary The present open pilot study was carried out in order to investigate a new pate nted concept for skin treatment. The new concept is intended for use in treatment of ageing skin. The oi ntment contain s conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and retiny l palmitate (RP). Both ingredients are conjugated wi th the biopolyme r chitosan in order to improve water solubility, increase skin penetration and inhibit oxi dation of the active substances. A number of studies have previously been carri ed out with conjuga ted retinyl palmit ate, where the conjugation mostly has been done using ~ - cyclodextri n. We included 20 females in our study and the treatment period was three months. Objective measure me nts of skin-thickness and elasticity were carried out initially and after three months. Subjective observati ons and scores were performed by the participants themselves using visual analogue scales (VASs) initi all y and at the end of the study. The results s howed a significant improvem...
Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3, 2006
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2011
Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) is a medicinal mushroom with a long tradition of use in Asia. The majo... more Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) is a medicinal mushroom with a long tradition of use in Asia. The major active substance in L. edodes is a (1-6,1-3)-beta-glucan (lentinan). No clinical controlled studies have yet investigated the effect of orally administered lentinan on the immune response in healthy, elderly Caucasian subjects. We evaluated the effect and the safety of a beta-glucan from L. edodes mycelium, Lentinex ® , in healthy, elderly subjects in a double blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-two subjects were randomly allocated to two groups given orally either 2.5 mg/day Lentinex ® or placebo for 6 weeks; then after a washout period of 4 weeks, the alternate supplementation was given for 6 weeks. The changes in the number of B-cells were significantly different between the groups. The number of NK cells increased significantly in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Other factors of the immune response (immunoglobulins, complement proteins, cytokines) were not altered. The safety blood variables (differential cell count, liver function, kidney function, and other blood chemistry) were not influenced by Lentinex ® , and the number, nature, and severity of adverse events were similar to placebo. Lentinex ® given orally to elderly subjects was safe and induced an increase in the number of circulating B-cells.
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2005
Fifty-five patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (mean age, 49 years) were enrolled in a placeb... more Fifty-five patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (mean age, 49 years) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, crossover study to investigate the effects of GH therapy on exercise capacity, body composition, and quality of life (QOL). GH and placebo were administered for 9 months each, separated by a 4-month washout period. GH therapy was individually dosed to obtain an IGF-I concentration within the normal range for age and sex. The final mean daily dose of GH was 1.2 IU/day for men and 1.8 IU/day for women. Mean IGF-I concentration at baseline was higher in men than in women (95±33 vs 68±41 μg/l respectively; P < 0.04) and increased to a similar level on GH therapy. Body fat mass was reduced by 1.9±2.9 kg and lean body mass was increased by 1.8±2.8 kg (P = 0.0001 for each) with GH treatment. Total and low-density cholesterol levels decreased. Absolute maximal oxygen uptake increased by 6% (P = 0.01), relative to body weight by 9% (P = 0.004), and there was a trend toward increa...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 21, 2005
Lipids, 2002
CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their co... more CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their content of CLA isomers and their degree of purification. As a group of natural FA, CLA have been widely assumed to be safe. However, the suspected presence of both impurities and particular isomers might induce undesirable side effects. Despite this potential health risk, only a few CLA preparations have been tested under rigorous conditions for clinical efficacy and safety. Based on the limited results available, it is possible to suggest that preparations enriched in c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers are preferable for human consumption compared to preparations containing four isomers, in terms both of safety and efficacy.
Journal of lipid research, 1993
The hepatic uptake of intravenously injected beta-very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in rab... more The hepatic uptake of intravenously injected beta-very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in rabbits fed 2% (w/w) cholesterol for 3 weeks was investigated. In vitro studies were also conducted to examine the specificity and the capacity of the uptake in isolated liver parenchymal cells. The hepatic uptake of beta-VLDL was 15.8 +/- 6.7% (n = 6) in the cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared to 26.6 +/- 7.5% (n = 6) of the injected dose in control rabbits (P < 0.05). Although this is a fractional reduction, it represents a more than 10-fold increase in absolute hepatic uptake of lipoproteins in the cholesterol-fed rabbits. In these animals the liver parenchymal, endothelial, and Kupffer cells took up 10.2 +/- 2.7%, 3.0 +/- 0.9%, and 1.8 +/- 0.4% of the injected dose, respectively, compared to 25.9 +/- 6.1%, 3.6 +/- 1.6%, and 1.5 +/- 0.8% of the injected dose in chow-fed controls. However, taking into account the high plasma lipoprotein levels in the cholesterol-fed rabbits, the absolu...
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1993
The intracellular transport of [125I]tyramine cellobiose low-density lipoprotein ([125ITC]LDL) an... more The intracellular transport of [125I]tyramine cellobiose low-density lipoprotein ([125ITC]LDL) and [131ITC]beta-very-low-density lipoprotein ([131ITC]beta-VLDL) in rat liver was studied by means of centrifugation in sucrose and Nycodenz gradients. At time-points up to 45 min after intravenous injection, the two ligands were found in endosomes with distinctly different buoyant densities. In the Nycodenz gradients [131ITC]beta-VLDL appeared at 1.08 g/ml partly coinciding with the distribution of the cation independent (alpha)mannose-6-phosphate receptor, whereas [125ITC]LDL was found at 1.13 mg/ml, where the degradation of [125ITC]LDL started. [131ITC]beta-VLDL, on the other hand, was transferred to denser vesicles, banding at 1.16 g/ml, and degradation started in these organelles, similar to that observed with asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) that was used as a control ligand. Since degradation products coincided with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase we assume that these organelles are secondary...
The role of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells in the hepatic uptake of cholesterol-rich low den... more The role of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells in the hepatic uptake of cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in rabbits fed a diet containing 2% (w/w) cholesterol for 3 weeks. 125I-labeled tyramine cellobiose-labeled cholesterol-rich LDL was injected intravenously into rabbits, and parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells were isolated 24 h after injection. The hepatic uptake was 9 +/- 3% of injected dose in cholesterol-fed rabbits 24 h after injection, as compared to 36 +/- 9% in control-fed rabbits (n = 6 in each group; significant difference, P less than 0.005). Endothelial and Kupffer cells took up 2.7 +/- 0.5% and 1.2 +/- 0.8% of injected dose in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits, as compared to 1.9 +/- 0.8% and 0.8 +/- 0.3% in control animals. The amount accounted for by the parenchymal cells was markedly reduced in the cholesterol-fed rabbits to 7.3 +/- 2.7% of injected dose, as compared to 32.8 +/- 7.6% in controls (P less than 0.02). On a per cell ba...
Biochemical Society transactions, 1989
This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of daily conjugated linoleic... more This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of daily conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in healthy exercising humans. This was a random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 healthy humans of normal body weight and body mass index less than 25.0 kg/m2, who did standardized physical exercise in a gym for 90 min three times weekly. Participants took either placebo (hydrogel) or CLA 0.6 mg, three times daily, as two capsules during meals, for 12 weeks. Body fat, measured using near infrared light, was significantly reduced in the CLA group during the study, but not in the placebo group. No effects on body weight were observed. Tolerability was good and similar in the two groups. Compliance, as judged by the number of returned capsules, was more than 80 % of the recommended dose for all participants. Thus CLA reduces body fat but not body weight in healthy exercising humans of normal body weight.
The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan 5, 1990
Vanadate is a phosphate analogue that inhibits enzymes involved in phosphate release and transfer... more Vanadate is a phosphate analogue that inhibits enzymes involved in phosphate release and transfer reactions (Simons, T. J. B. (1979) Nature 281, 337-338). Since such reactions may play important roles in endocytosis, we studied the effects of vanadate on various steps in receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid labeled with 125I-tyramine-cellobiose (125I-TC-AOM). The labeled degradation products formed from 125I-TC-AOM are trapped in the lysosomes and may therefore serve as lysosomal markers in subcellular fractionation studies. Vanadate reduced the amount of active surface asialoglycoprotein receptors approximately 70%, but had no effect on the rate of internalization and retroendocytosis of ligand. The amount of surface asialoglycoprotein receptors can be reduced by lowering the incubation temperature gradually from 37 to 15 degrees C (Weigel, P. H., and Oka, J. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5089-5094); vanadate affected only the temperature--sensitive receptors. Vanadat...
Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3, 2006
After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (... more After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of
Lipids, 2002
CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their co... more CLA mixtures are now commercially available. They differ from each other with respect to their content of CLA isomers and their degree of purification. As a group of natural FA, CLA have been widely assumed to be safe. However, the suspected presence of both impurities and particular isomers might induce undesirable side effects. Despite this potential health risk, only a few CLA preparations have been tested under rigorous conditions for clinical efficacy and safety. Based on the limited results available, it is possible to suggest that preparations enriched in c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers are preferable for human consumption compared to preparations containing four isomers, in terms both of safety and efficacy.
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 21, 2005
After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (... more After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of the extension study were to evaluate the safety [with clinical chemistry analyses and reported adverse events (AEs)] and assess the effects of CLA on body composition [body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral mass (BMM)], body weight, and BMI. All subjects were supplemented with 3.4g CLA/d in the triglyceride form. Circulating lipoprotein(a) and thrombocytes increased in all groups. There was no change in fasting blood glucose. Aspartate amino transferase, but not alanine amino transferase, increased significantly. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged. The AE rate decreased compared with the first 12 mo of the study. Body weight and BFM were reduced in the subjects administered the placebo during the initial 12 mo study (Ϫ1.6 Ϯ 3.2 and Ϫ1.7 Ϯ 2.8 kg, respectively). No fat or body weight changes occurred in the 2 groups given CLA during the initial 12 mo. LBM and BMM were not affected in any of the groups. Changes in body composition were not related to diet and/or training.