Olivier Lescroart - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Olivier Lescroart

Un premier aspect de la presente invention concerne un procede de preparation d'un produit al... more Un premier aspect de la presente invention concerne un procede de preparation d'un produit alimentaire a boire comprenant un composant alimentaire liquide et un composant alimentaire solide particulaire, ledit procede comprenant les etapes consistant a mettre en suspension ledit composant alimentaire solide particulaire dans ledit composant alimentaire liquide dans un rapport massique humide entre 1/20 et 1/3 (p/p). Avant sa suspension dans le composant alimentaire liquide, ledit composant alimentaire solide particulaire presente generalement une taille de particules D 50 comprise entre 2,0 mm et 10,0 mm, une dimension particulaire D 90 inferieure a 12,0 mm et une D100 taille de particule inferieure a 14,0 mm. En outre, il est preferable que, avant la suspension du composant alimentaire solide particulaire dans le composant alimentaire liquide, ledit composant alimentaire liquide presente une contrainte d'ecoulement a 6 °C comprise entre 0,30 Pa et 20 Pa et une viscosite a 6...

Journal of Nutritional Science, 2014

Wheat bran extract (WBE) is a food-grade soluble fibre preparation that is highly enriched in ara... more Wheat bran extract (WBE) is a food-grade soluble fibre preparation that is highly enriched in arabinoxylan–oligosaccharides. In this placebo-controlled cross-over human intervention trial, tolerance to WBE as well as the effects of WBE on faecal parameters, including faecal output and bowel habits, were studied. After a 2-week run-in period, twenty healthy volunteers consumed WBE (15 g/d in the first week, 30 g/d in the second week), oligofructose (15 g/d in the first week, 30 g/d in the second week) and placebo (for 2 weeks) in a random order, with 2-week washout periods between each treatment period. Subjects collected a 72 h stool sample for analysis of faecal output, stool pH and stool moisture concentration. Additionally, the volunteers completed questionnaires scoring occurrence frequency and distress severity of eighteen gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. An overall GI symptom measure was calculated to analyse the overall effect of WBE and oligofructose on GI symptoms. Intake of...

In African catfish the dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) stimulates in vivo growth hormone (GH) ... more In African catfish the dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) stimulates in vivo growth hormone (GH) release. The present study demonstrates that the potency of APO to stimulate plasma GH levels is affected by the nutritional status of the fish. The effect of starvation on APO induced GH release was investigated in sexually mature and immature catfish. Administration of APO clearly stimulated plasma GH levels in mature catfish that had been starved for 3 and 5 weeks, while no effect could be observed prior to starvation. This increased responsiveness to the GH stimulating action of APO was also demonstrated in fasted immature fish, though it was only evident in fish starved for a prolonged period (19 days or more). The importance of the duration of the starvation period suggests that the enhanced responsiveness is the result of physiological adaptations to starvation rather than an acute effect of food deprivation. 1996, 1997). However, the effect of a given dose of APO varied strongly in between experiments, suggesting that the physiological status may affect the responsiveness of the fish towards the GH stimulating action of APO. In human beings it was demonstrated that many physiological factors such as sexual and nutrition status, sleep, physical condition and ageing are related to the amount and the pattern of the GH secretion (Hartmann et al. 1993). The role of nutrition has also been established in other animals. Except for the rat (Tannenbaum et al. 1979), fasting or dietary restriction leads to an increased GH release in all studied mammals, as reflected in higher circulating GH levels and an enhanced response to different stimulators of the GH release (Keljiman and Frohman 1988; Vance

The Journal of Nutrition, 2012

Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are studied as food compounds with prebiotic potential. Here... more Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are studied as food compounds with prebiotic potential. Here, the impact of consumption of breads with in situ-produced AXOS on intestinal fermentation and overall gastrointestinal characteristics was evaluated in a completely randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers consumed 180 g of wheat/rye bread with or without in situ-produced AXOS (WR + and WR 2 , respectively) daily for 3 wk. Consumption of WR + corresponded to an AXOS intake of~2.14 g/d. Refined wheat flour bread without AXOS (W 2) (180 g/ d) was provided during the 3-wk run-in and wash-out periods. At the end of each treatment period, participants collected urine for 48 h as well as a feces sample. Additionally, all participants completed a questionnaire about stool characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms during the last week of each period. Urinary phenol and p-cresol excretions were significantly lower after WR + intake compared to WR 2. Consumption of WR + significantly increased fecal total SCFA concentrations compared to intake of W 2. The effect of WR + intake was most pronounced on butyrate, with levels 70% higher than after consumption of W 2 in the run-in or wash-out period. Consumption of WR + tended to selectively increase the fecal levels of bifidobacteria (P = 0.06) relative to consumption of W 2. Stool frequency increased significantly after intake of WR + compared to WR 2. In conclusion, consumption of breads with in situ-produced AXOS may favorably modulate intestinal fermentation and overall gastrointestinal properties in healthy humans.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 2014

Short title: Wheat Bran Extract effects on gastrointestinal parameters in children Conflicts of I... more Short title: Wheat Bran Extract effects on gastrointestinal parameters in children Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding IEJAF, OL, WSV and WFB were during the course of the study employed by Fugeia NV, which manufactures the Wheat Bran Extract product and is the sole sponsor source of funding for the studies described herein. For the remaining authors, none were declared. The trial is registered in the clinicaltrials.gov register (NCT01001949) (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01001949?term=AXOS&rank=4).

Journal of Endocrinology, 1997

Gonadotrophs are the primary target cells for GnRH in the pituitary. However, during a limited pe... more Gonadotrophs are the primary target cells for GnRH in the pituitary. However, during a limited period of neonatal life in the rat, lactotrophs and somatotrophs respond to GnRH as well. Also, in the adults of a number of teleost fishes (e.g. carp, goldfish, and tilapia but not trout), GnRH is a potent GH secretagogue. In studying hypophysiotrophic actions of the two forms of GnRH present in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), chicken GnRH-II ([His5,Trp7,Tyr8]GnRH; cGnRH-II) and catfish GnRH ([His5,Asn8]GnRH; cfGnRH), we have investigated the effects of GnRH on catfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. GnRH binding was examined by incubating dispersed pituitary cells attached to coverslips with 125I-labelled [d-Arg6,Trp7,Leu8,Pro9-Net]GnRH (sGnRHa), a salmon GnRH analogue with high affinity for the GnRH receptor. Following fixation and immunohistochemistry using antisera against catfish LH and GH, 125I-labelled sGnRHa was localised autoradiographically and silver grains were quanti...

Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2004

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the success of oral vaccination application in ... more ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the success of oral vaccination application in African catfish using Vibrio anguillarum O2 bacterins. The antigen uptake was followed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum antibody response was measured using an indirect ELISA. Several in vivo administration methods were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection gave the highest absorption rate, with high antibody levels in the systemic circulation. Oral intubation of bacterin-layered pellets resulted in low antigen uptake and low antibody levels. The addition of absorption enhancers increased the serum antigen levels. An enteric coating applied on the pellets containing vaccine did not improve the immune response.

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1996

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996

Growth hormone (GH) was purified from African catfish (Cbti gariepinus) pituitary extracts in a s... more Growth hormone (GH) was purified from African catfish (Cbti gariepinus) pituitary extracts in a single step by use of immunoaffinity chromatography. A monoclonal antibody to chicken GH, which labels the catfish hypophyseal somatotropes in immunocytochemistry, was coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose, and crude alkaline pituitary extracts were run over the immunoadsorbent. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the eluted material suggested heterogeneity, whereas silver staining upon SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed one single band with an estimated molecular weight between 22,000 and 23,000 Da. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the same preparation revealed the presence of several components with molecular weights ranging from 20,170 to 20,900 Da. The amino terminus of the protein was homogeneous, and the first 50 residues matched the proposed sequence of GH from two other siluran species (Ictalurus punctatus and Pangasius pangusius), except for one substitution at position 3. These data unequivocally confirm the identity of the purified molecule as suggested by immunochemical evidence. The bioactivity of the GH preparation was demonstrated by the short-term effect of GH on T, plasma levels in juvenile catfish. COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL 113B, 773-780, 1996.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1999

Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2008

ABSTRACT In vivo experiments were conducted to verify whether arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) ... more ABSTRACT In vivo experiments were conducted to verify whether arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) obtained as low molecular mass compounds by enzymic hydrolysis from wheat bran arabinoxylan (AX) can exert nutritional effects. Two feeding trials were performed on chickens fed diets with either wheat or maize as the main component. Supplementation of bran AXOS at either 0.5%(w/w) to the wheat-based diet or at 0.25%(w/w) to the maize-based diet diets significantly (P&amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) improved the feed ...

International Journal of Toxicology, 2010

Wheat bran extract (WBE) is a food-grade preparation that is highly enriched in arabinoxylan-olig... more Wheat bran extract (WBE) is a food-grade preparation that is highly enriched in arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides. As part of the safety evaluation of WBE, its genotoxic potential was assessed in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay (Ames test) and a chromosome aberration assay on Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. These in vitro genotoxicity assays showed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic activity with WBE. The safety of WBE was furthermore evaluated in a subchronic toxicity study on rats that were fed a semisynthetic diet (AIN 93G) containing 0.3%, 1.5%, or 7.5% WBE for 13 weeks, corresponding to an average intake of 0.2, 0.9, and 4.4 g/kg body weight (bw) per day, with control groups receiving the unsupplemented AIN 93G, AIN 93G with 7.5% inulin, or AIN 93G with 7.5% wheat bran. Based on this rat-feeding study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for WBE was determined as 4.4 g/kg (bw)/d, the highest dose tested.