Ole Trinhammer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ole Trinhammer

The Laplacian on the Lie groups U(N) and SU(N) is given in a parametrized edition for practical p... more The Laplacian on the Lie groups U(N) and SU(N) is given in a parametrized edition for practical purposes. The radial part is often seen in work on lattice gauge theory, but here is derived also the off-diagonal part which in SU(3) and U(3) is expressed via the well known Gell-Mann matrices but with a more easily memorized notation. Relations to I, U and V spin are also shown.

arXiv (Cornell University), Jul 6, 2020

We suggest the gauge groups SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) to share a common origin in U(3). We take the L... more We suggest the gauge groups SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) to share a common origin in U(3). We take the Lie group U(3) to serve as an intrinsic configuration space for baryons. A spontaneous symmetry break in the baryonic state selects a U(2) subgroup for the Higgs mechanism. The Higgs field enters the symmetry break to relate the strong and electroweak energy scales by exchange of one quantum of action between the two sectors. This shapes the Higgs potential to fourth order. Recently intrinsic quantum mechanics has given a suggestion for the Cabibbo angle from theory (EPL124-2018) and a prediction for the Higgs couplings to gauge bosons (EPL125-2019). Previously it has given the nucleon mass and the parton distribution functions for u and d quarks in the proton (EPL102-2013). It has given a quite accurate equation for the Higgs mass in closed form (IJMPA30-2015) and an N and Delta spectrum essentially without missing resonances (arXiv:1109.4732). The intrinsic space is to be distinguished from an interior space. The intrinsic space is non-spatial, i.e. no gravity in intrinsic space. The configuration variable is like a generalized spin variable excited from laboratory space by kinematic generators: momentum, spin and Laplace-Runge-Lenz operators. The baryon dynamics resides in a Hamiltonian on U(3) and projects to laboratory space by the momentum form of the wavefunction. The momentum form generates conjugate quark and gluon fields. Local gauge invariance in laboratory space follows from unitarity of the configuration variable and left invariance of the coordinate fields on the intrinsic space. Future work should aim to invoke leptons in the second and third generations and quarks in the third.

American Journal of Physics, Nov 1, 2020

Standard university or high-school physics teaching material on projectile motion is usually base... more Standard university or high-school physics teaching material on projectile motion is usually based on Newton's second law in vacuum, neglecting aerodynamics. We present a low-cost experiment for teaching projectile motion using the students' cell phones and sports equipment, which allows the students to test theory and numerical simulation against experimental data in the real world. For a shot put, theoretical predictions assuming projectile motion in vacuum agree with experimentally obtained trajectories in air to within a few centimeters. However, for a table tennis ball, vacuum trajectories can be almost three times as long as experimentally obtained trajectories. An equation of motion including the aerodynamic drag force has no analytic solution, but it is straightforward to integrate numerically for high-school or first-year university students. Accounting for aerodynamic drag substantially improves the match with experimental data for any ball. In a second experiment, balls are shot with spin resulting in curveball trajectories. Numerical simulations including the Magnus force can give accurate predictions of 3D curveball trajectories, both curving according to the normal and the inverse Magnus effect. Balls shot with topspin and backspin are also accurately modelled. Finally, we model the bounce of an arbitrarily spinning ball using linear and angular impulse-momentum theorems and coefficients of restitution in vertical and horizontal directions. We find agreement with experimental data to within centimeters. V

Physics Letters B, Sep 1, 1983

Pure gluon U(N) lattice gauge theory is solved by the transfer matrix method in a semiclassical a... more Pure gluon U(N) lattice gauge theory is solved by the transfer matrix method in a semiclassical approximation for Manton's action showing a third order phase transition at he = g2N = it 2/2x/~.

Journal of Modern Physics, 2017

Combining with cosmological constraints we find a most probable value of 17.6 meV for beta decay ... more Combining with cosmological constraints we find a most probable value of 17.6 meV for beta decay anti-neutrinos. In passing we note that our expectation for the quadric Higgs self-coupling deviates from standard model expectations by a factor equal to the ud quark mixing matrix element. This matrix element also turns up by its square root in the expected triple self-coupling. We present neutrino mass eigenstates related to the neutron beta decay. In our first scenario we get 15.2 meV for the lowest mass eigenstate, in the second we get 0.917 eV. The latter is to be covered by the KATRIN experiment, while the former comes close to the CRES sensitivity in the Project 8 reach.

EPL, May 1, 2013

We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted lattice gauge... more We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted lattice gauge theory Hamiltonian to describe interior baryon dynamics. We use the classical electron radius as our fundamental length scale. Based on expansions on trigonometric Slater determinants for a neutral state a specific numerical result is found to be less than three percent off the experimental value for the neutron. Via the exterior derivative on the Lie group configuration space u(3) we derive approximate parameter free parton distribution functions that compare rather well with those for the u and d valence quarks of the proton.

EPL, Apr 1, 2020

PACS 98.80.Cq-Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pan... more PACS 98.80.Cq-Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena, inflationary universe, etc.

EPL, Mar 19, 2019

We predict slightly enhanced signal strengths in the Higgs coupling to the intermediate W and Z g... more We predict slightly enhanced signal strengths in the Higgs coupling to the intermediate W and Z gauge bosons with a three percent excess relative to those of the Standard Model. The base of the prediction is a slightly different electroweak energy scale. The modified electroweak energy scale follows from an intrinsic conception of baryon dynamics that links to electroweak decays. Here electroweak interactions are fostered by a spontaneous symmetry break in baryonic configurations described on an intrinsic U (3) configuration space. The electroweak flavour degrees of freedom become intermingled with the colour degrees of freedom via a spontaneous U (2) pairing of two toroidal degrees of freedom in the intrinsic dynamics. The intrinsic potential thereby shapes the Higgs potential. This leads to the up-down quark mixing matrix element modifying the gauge boson couplings relative to the Standard Model expectations.

arXiv (Cornell University), Mar 19, 2013

We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskin... more We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian to describe interior baryon dynamics. We use the classical electron radius as our fundamental length scale. Based on expansions on trigonometric Slater determinants for a neutral state a specific numerical result is found to be less than three percent off the experimental value for the neutron.

arXiv (Cornell University), Sep 22, 2011

We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The gro... more We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The ground state is identified with the proton. From this single fit we calculate approximately the relative neutron to proton mass shift to within half a percentage of the experimental value. From the same fit we calculate the nucleon and delta resonance spectrum with correct grouping and no missing resonances. For specific spin eigenfunctions we calculate the delta to nucleon mass ratio to within one percent. Finally we derive parton distribution functions that compare well with those for the proton valence quarks. The distributions are generated by projecting the proton state to space via the exterior derivative on u(3). We predict scarce neutral flavour singlets which should be visible in neutron diffraction dissociation experiments or in invariant mass spectra of protons and negative pions in B-decays and in photoproduction on neutrons. The presence of such singlet states distinguishes experimentally the present model from the standard model as does the prediction of the neutron to proton mass splitting. Conceptually the Hamiltonian may describe an effective phenomenology or more radically describe interior dynamics implying quarks and gluons as projections from u(3) which we then call allospace.

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 7, 2013

We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpre... more We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian on the Lie group u(3). We calculate expressions for a scalar Higgs mass, an electroweak energy scale, and vector gauge boson masses which all compare well with observed or derived values. Our sole ad hoc inputs to the calculations are the classical electron radius and the weak mixing angle. Our result for the Higgs mass relative to the electron mass involves only mathematical constants and the fine structure constant. It yields 125.1 GeV for a fine structure constant taken as a geometric mean between it's sliding scale values at respectively the electron mass and the W vector boson mass which are both involved in the neutron decay. In passing we compare with the neutral flavour baryon spectrum and mention an approximate calculation of the relative neutron to proton mass ratio of 0.13847 percent which is promisingly close to the observed value of 0.137842 percent. We finally mention the Fermi coupling constant as a derived quantity.

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 7, 2013

We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpre... more We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian on the Lie group u(3). We calculate expressions for a scalar Higgs mass, an electroweak energy scale, and vector gauge boson masses which all compare well with observed or derived values. Our sole ad hoc inputs to the calculations are the classical electron radius and the weak mixing angle. Our result for the Higgs mass relative to the electron mass involves only mathematical constants and the fine structure constant. It yields 125.1 GeV for a fine structure constant taken as a geometric mean between it's sliding scale values at respectively the electron mass and the W vector boson mass which are both involved in the neutron decay. In passing we compare with the neutral flavour baryon spectrum and mention an approximate calculation of the relative neutron to proton mass ratio of 0.13847 percent which is promisingly close to the observed value of 0.137842 percent. We finally mention the Fermi coupling constant as a derived quantity.

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 20, 2017

We suggest how quantum fields derive from quantum mechanics on intrinsic configuration spaces wit... more We suggest how quantum fields derive from quantum mechanics on intrinsic configuration spaces with the Lie groups U(3) and U(2) as key examples. Historically the intrinsic angular momentum, the spin, of the electron was first seen as a new degree of freedom in 1925 by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit to explain atomic spectra in magnetic fields. Today intrinsic quantum mechanics seems to be able to connect the strong and electroweak interaction sectors of particle physics. Local gauge invariance in laboratory space corresponds to left-invariance in intrinsic configuration space. We derive the proton spin structure function and the proton magnetic moment as novel results of the general conception presented here. We hint at the origin of the electroweak mixing angle in up and down quark flavour generators. We show how to solve for baryon mass spectra by a Rayleigh-Ritz method with all integrals found analytically. We relate to existing and possibly upcoming experiments like LHCb, KATRIN, Project 8, PSI-MUSE and ILC to test our predictions for neutral pentaquarks, proton radius, precise Higgs mass, Higgs self-couplings, beta decay neutrino mass and dark energy to baryon matter ratio. We take intrinsic quantum mechanics to represent a step, not so much beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, but to represent a step behind the Standard Model. Contents

arXiv (Cornell University), Sep 22, 2011

We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The gro... more We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The ground state is identified with the proton. From this single fit we calculate approximately the relative neutron to proton mass shift to within half a percentage of the experimental value. From the same fit we calculate the nucleon and delta resonance spectrum with correct grouping and no missing resonances. For specific spin eigenfunctions we calculate the delta to nucleon mass ratio to within one percent. Finally we derive parton distribution functions that compare well with those for the proton valence quarks. The distributions are generated by projecting the proton state to space via the exterior derivative on u(3). We predict scarce neutral flavour singlets which should be visible in neutron diffraction dissociation experiments or in invariant mass spectra of protons and negative pions in B-decays and in photoproduction on neutrons. The presence of such singlet states distinguishes experimentally the present model from the standard model as does the prediction of the neutron to proton mass splitting. Conceptually the Hamiltonian may describe an effective phenomenology or more radically describe interior dynamics implying quarks and gluons as projections from u(3) which we then call allospace.

EPL, Dec 1, 2021

We introduce the metric of general relativity into a description of baryon mass spectra which oth... more We introduce the metric of general relativity into a description of baryon mass spectra which otherwise has been founded entirely on the concept of an intrinsic configuration space, the Lie group U(3). We find that the general relativistic metric influences the mass eigenstates in gravitational fields. We discuss parts per million effects that may be observed in space missions close to the Sun or the planet Jupiter, for instance by accurate Cavendish experiments or energy shifts in gamma decays of metastable nuclei like Ba-137m. We review how the particle and gauge fields are generated by momentum forms on the intrinsic wave functions to form the quantum field bases for instance of quantum chromodynamics. Our strategy to combine quantum interactions and general relativity is that of geometrising quantum mechanics rather than quantising gravity.

The Laplacian on the Lie groups U(N) and SU(N) is given in a parametrized edition for practical p... more The Laplacian on the Lie groups U(N) and SU(N) is given in a parametrized edition for practical purposes. The radial part is often seen in work on lattice gauge theory, but here is derived also the off-diagonal part which in SU(3) and U(3) is expressed via the well known Gell-Mann matrices but with a more easily memorized notation. Relations to I, U and V spin are also shown.

arXiv (Cornell University), Jul 6, 2020

We suggest the gauge groups SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) to share a common origin in U(3). We take the L... more We suggest the gauge groups SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) to share a common origin in U(3). We take the Lie group U(3) to serve as an intrinsic configuration space for baryons. A spontaneous symmetry break in the baryonic state selects a U(2) subgroup for the Higgs mechanism. The Higgs field enters the symmetry break to relate the strong and electroweak energy scales by exchange of one quantum of action between the two sectors. This shapes the Higgs potential to fourth order. Recently intrinsic quantum mechanics has given a suggestion for the Cabibbo angle from theory (EPL124-2018) and a prediction for the Higgs couplings to gauge bosons (EPL125-2019). Previously it has given the nucleon mass and the parton distribution functions for u and d quarks in the proton (EPL102-2013). It has given a quite accurate equation for the Higgs mass in closed form (IJMPA30-2015) and an N and Delta spectrum essentially without missing resonances (arXiv:1109.4732). The intrinsic space is to be distinguished from an interior space. The intrinsic space is non-spatial, i.e. no gravity in intrinsic space. The configuration variable is like a generalized spin variable excited from laboratory space by kinematic generators: momentum, spin and Laplace-Runge-Lenz operators. The baryon dynamics resides in a Hamiltonian on U(3) and projects to laboratory space by the momentum form of the wavefunction. The momentum form generates conjugate quark and gluon fields. Local gauge invariance in laboratory space follows from unitarity of the configuration variable and left invariance of the coordinate fields on the intrinsic space. Future work should aim to invoke leptons in the second and third generations and quarks in the third.

American Journal of Physics, Nov 1, 2020

Standard university or high-school physics teaching material on projectile motion is usually base... more Standard university or high-school physics teaching material on projectile motion is usually based on Newton's second law in vacuum, neglecting aerodynamics. We present a low-cost experiment for teaching projectile motion using the students' cell phones and sports equipment, which allows the students to test theory and numerical simulation against experimental data in the real world. For a shot put, theoretical predictions assuming projectile motion in vacuum agree with experimentally obtained trajectories in air to within a few centimeters. However, for a table tennis ball, vacuum trajectories can be almost three times as long as experimentally obtained trajectories. An equation of motion including the aerodynamic drag force has no analytic solution, but it is straightforward to integrate numerically for high-school or first-year university students. Accounting for aerodynamic drag substantially improves the match with experimental data for any ball. In a second experiment, balls are shot with spin resulting in curveball trajectories. Numerical simulations including the Magnus force can give accurate predictions of 3D curveball trajectories, both curving according to the normal and the inverse Magnus effect. Balls shot with topspin and backspin are also accurately modelled. Finally, we model the bounce of an arbitrarily spinning ball using linear and angular impulse-momentum theorems and coefficients of restitution in vertical and horizontal directions. We find agreement with experimental data to within centimeters. V

Physics Letters B, Sep 1, 1983

Pure gluon U(N) lattice gauge theory is solved by the transfer matrix method in a semiclassical a... more Pure gluon U(N) lattice gauge theory is solved by the transfer matrix method in a semiclassical approximation for Manton's action showing a third order phase transition at he = g2N = it 2/2x/~.

Journal of Modern Physics, 2017

Combining with cosmological constraints we find a most probable value of 17.6 meV for beta decay ... more Combining with cosmological constraints we find a most probable value of 17.6 meV for beta decay anti-neutrinos. In passing we note that our expectation for the quadric Higgs self-coupling deviates from standard model expectations by a factor equal to the ud quark mixing matrix element. This matrix element also turns up by its square root in the expected triple self-coupling. We present neutrino mass eigenstates related to the neutron beta decay. In our first scenario we get 15.2 meV for the lowest mass eigenstate, in the second we get 0.917 eV. The latter is to be covered by the KATRIN experiment, while the former comes close to the CRES sensitivity in the Project 8 reach.

EPL, May 1, 2013

We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted lattice gauge... more We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted lattice gauge theory Hamiltonian to describe interior baryon dynamics. We use the classical electron radius as our fundamental length scale. Based on expansions on trigonometric Slater determinants for a neutral state a specific numerical result is found to be less than three percent off the experimental value for the neutron. Via the exterior derivative on the Lie group configuration space u(3) we derive approximate parameter free parton distribution functions that compare rather well with those for the u and d valence quarks of the proton.

EPL, Apr 1, 2020

PACS 98.80.Cq-Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pan... more PACS 98.80.Cq-Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena, inflationary universe, etc.

EPL, Mar 19, 2019

We predict slightly enhanced signal strengths in the Higgs coupling to the intermediate W and Z g... more We predict slightly enhanced signal strengths in the Higgs coupling to the intermediate W and Z gauge bosons with a three percent excess relative to those of the Standard Model. The base of the prediction is a slightly different electroweak energy scale. The modified electroweak energy scale follows from an intrinsic conception of baryon dynamics that links to electroweak decays. Here electroweak interactions are fostered by a spontaneous symmetry break in baryonic configurations described on an intrinsic U (3) configuration space. The electroweak flavour degrees of freedom become intermingled with the colour degrees of freedom via a spontaneous U (2) pairing of two toroidal degrees of freedom in the intrinsic dynamics. The intrinsic potential thereby shapes the Higgs potential. This leads to the up-down quark mixing matrix element modifying the gauge boson couplings relative to the Standard Model expectations.

arXiv (Cornell University), Mar 19, 2013

We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskin... more We derive an expression for the electron to nucleon mass ratio from a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian to describe interior baryon dynamics. We use the classical electron radius as our fundamental length scale. Based on expansions on trigonometric Slater determinants for a neutral state a specific numerical result is found to be less than three percent off the experimental value for the neutron.

arXiv (Cornell University), Sep 22, 2011

We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The gro... more We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The ground state is identified with the proton. From this single fit we calculate approximately the relative neutron to proton mass shift to within half a percentage of the experimental value. From the same fit we calculate the nucleon and delta resonance spectrum with correct grouping and no missing resonances. For specific spin eigenfunctions we calculate the delta to nucleon mass ratio to within one percent. Finally we derive parton distribution functions that compare well with those for the proton valence quarks. The distributions are generated by projecting the proton state to space via the exterior derivative on u(3). We predict scarce neutral flavour singlets which should be visible in neutron diffraction dissociation experiments or in invariant mass spectra of protons and negative pions in B-decays and in photoproduction on neutrons. The presence of such singlet states distinguishes experimentally the present model from the standard model as does the prediction of the neutron to proton mass splitting. Conceptually the Hamiltonian may describe an effective phenomenology or more radically describe interior dynamics implying quarks and gluons as projections from u(3) which we then call allospace.

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 7, 2013

We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpre... more We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian on the Lie group u(3). We calculate expressions for a scalar Higgs mass, an electroweak energy scale, and vector gauge boson masses which all compare well with observed or derived values. Our sole ad hoc inputs to the calculations are the classical electron radius and the weak mixing angle. Our result for the Higgs mass relative to the electron mass involves only mathematical constants and the fine structure constant. It yields 125.1 GeV for a fine structure constant taken as a geometric mean between it's sliding scale values at respectively the electron mass and the W vector boson mass which are both involved in the neutron decay. In passing we compare with the neutral flavour baryon spectrum and mention an approximate calculation of the relative neutron to proton mass ratio of 0.13847 percent which is promisingly close to the observed value of 0.137842 percent. We finally mention the Fermi coupling constant as a derived quantity.

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 7, 2013

We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpre... more We investigate the neutron to proton decay via a Higgs mechanism in the framework of a reinterpreted Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian on the Lie group u(3). We calculate expressions for a scalar Higgs mass, an electroweak energy scale, and vector gauge boson masses which all compare well with observed or derived values. Our sole ad hoc inputs to the calculations are the classical electron radius and the weak mixing angle. Our result for the Higgs mass relative to the electron mass involves only mathematical constants and the fine structure constant. It yields 125.1 GeV for a fine structure constant taken as a geometric mean between it's sliding scale values at respectively the electron mass and the W vector boson mass which are both involved in the neutron decay. In passing we compare with the neutral flavour baryon spectrum and mention an approximate calculation of the relative neutron to proton mass ratio of 0.13847 percent which is promisingly close to the observed value of 0.137842 percent. We finally mention the Fermi coupling constant as a derived quantity.

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 20, 2017

We suggest how quantum fields derive from quantum mechanics on intrinsic configuration spaces wit... more We suggest how quantum fields derive from quantum mechanics on intrinsic configuration spaces with the Lie groups U(3) and U(2) as key examples. Historically the intrinsic angular momentum, the spin, of the electron was first seen as a new degree of freedom in 1925 by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit to explain atomic spectra in magnetic fields. Today intrinsic quantum mechanics seems to be able to connect the strong and electroweak interaction sectors of particle physics. Local gauge invariance in laboratory space corresponds to left-invariance in intrinsic configuration space. We derive the proton spin structure function and the proton magnetic moment as novel results of the general conception presented here. We hint at the origin of the electroweak mixing angle in up and down quark flavour generators. We show how to solve for baryon mass spectra by a Rayleigh-Ritz method with all integrals found analytically. We relate to existing and possibly upcoming experiments like LHCb, KATRIN, Project 8, PSI-MUSE and ILC to test our predictions for neutral pentaquarks, proton radius, precise Higgs mass, Higgs self-couplings, beta decay neutrino mass and dark energy to baryon matter ratio. We take intrinsic quantum mechanics to represent a step, not so much beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, but to represent a step behind the Standard Model. Contents

arXiv (Cornell University), Sep 22, 2011

We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The gro... more We present a hamiltonian structure on the Lie group u(3) to describe the baryon spectrum. The ground state is identified with the proton. From this single fit we calculate approximately the relative neutron to proton mass shift to within half a percentage of the experimental value. From the same fit we calculate the nucleon and delta resonance spectrum with correct grouping and no missing resonances. For specific spin eigenfunctions we calculate the delta to nucleon mass ratio to within one percent. Finally we derive parton distribution functions that compare well with those for the proton valence quarks. The distributions are generated by projecting the proton state to space via the exterior derivative on u(3). We predict scarce neutral flavour singlets which should be visible in neutron diffraction dissociation experiments or in invariant mass spectra of protons and negative pions in B-decays and in photoproduction on neutrons. The presence of such singlet states distinguishes experimentally the present model from the standard model as does the prediction of the neutron to proton mass splitting. Conceptually the Hamiltonian may describe an effective phenomenology or more radically describe interior dynamics implying quarks and gluons as projections from u(3) which we then call allospace.

EPL, Dec 1, 2021

We introduce the metric of general relativity into a description of baryon mass spectra which oth... more We introduce the metric of general relativity into a description of baryon mass spectra which otherwise has been founded entirely on the concept of an intrinsic configuration space, the Lie group U(3). We find that the general relativistic metric influences the mass eigenstates in gravitational fields. We discuss parts per million effects that may be observed in space missions close to the Sun or the planet Jupiter, for instance by accurate Cavendish experiments or energy shifts in gamma decays of metastable nuclei like Ba-137m. We review how the particle and gauge fields are generated by momentum forms on the intrinsic wave functions to form the quantum field bases for instance of quantum chromodynamics. Our strategy to combine quantum interactions and general relativity is that of geometrising quantum mechanics rather than quantising gravity.