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Papers by Olugbenga Odukanmi

Comparative clinical pathology, Feb 15, 2022

Cement dust (CD) is a known toxicant of both occupational and environmental impacts . Its heavy m... more Cement dust (CD) is a known toxicant of both occupational and environmental impacts . Its heavy metallic and silica constituents occasion its systemic toxicosis. Several reports, characterized by crude exposure methods, have been made about its hematotoxicity. This study investigates the pattern of CD hematopoietic effect using a controlled model of exposure. Thirty (30) 3-month-old male Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 180g were randomized into three (3) groups (n = 10); control, 14-day and 28-day exposed. We assessed hematological differentials and indices, osmotic fragility test, erythrocyte morphology, and morphometry. Gross osteological variables and indices, osteohistopathology, and bone marrow cytology were also investigated. Results show that CD alters hematological variables with significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lymphocyte, and reticulocyte count with a significant reduction in neutrophil count. Abnormal erythromorphology and morphometry observed significantly differ from the control. We found a significantly higher osmotic concentration-independent fragility. Terminal body weight and various osteological parameters including weight/foraminal index ratio (WFiR), relative tuberosity (ReT), relative epicondyle (ReE), relative femoral width (RFW), relative femoral length (RFL), ponderal, and bone density indices significantly differ from control. Osteohistopathological assessment of the exposed groups shows an array of alterations in the trabecula morphology and marrow cavity. The retinue of data from bone marrow cytology reveals that the bone internal matrix appears necrotic with dispersed cellular debris. The available evidence in this study suggests that exposure to CD induces hematopoietic toxicities with effects stemming from the bone marrow.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, Jun 30, 2022

Gastrointestinal dysmotility is a substantial public health challenge globally. Based on previous... more Gastrointestinal dysmotility is a substantial public health challenge globally. Based on previous findings in developed countries, it has been observed that there is an association between diarrhea, constipation, and some cardiovascular variables. This study investigated the effects of experimentally-induced short-term acute constipation and short-term acute diarrhea on certain cardiovascular variables in rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Control, Diarrhoea, and Constipation. The experiment was carried out in 2 phases, the period after induction and the recovery period, and 5 animals per group were used for each phase. The control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water while Diarrhoea and the Constipation group were induced by oral administration of 2ml Castor oil and administration of Loperamide (3mg/kg, b.d, orally x 3 days), respectively. Cardiovascular variables were assessed using the Edan Scientific® Electrocardiography and Heart Rate Variability machine. Recovery was allowed for 4 days after the onset of the procedure and cardiovascular parameters were reassessed. Post-induction Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) significantly increased in constipated rats (153.2 ± 2.9 mmHg; 109.0 ± 3.7 mmHg; 123.7 ± 3.2 mmHg; 123.4±5.6 bpm) when compared with the control values (95.5±4.8 mmHg; 61.2 ± 3.5 mmHg; 72.6 ± 3.6 mmHg; 72.3 ± 5.2 bpm), respectively. The recovery SBP, DBP, MAP, and Heart Rate in the constipated group remained significantly higher compared to the control. Diarrhea had no significant effect on the parameters determined in both post-induction and recovery phases. The electrical activities did not change in both experimental groups compared to the control. This study revealed increased SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in short-term acute constipated rats but not so with short-term acute experimental diarrhea.

Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, most widely used in treating malaria. Although... more Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, most widely used in treating malaria. Although previous studies have reported the gastric acid enhancing and pro ulcerogenic effect of CQ, its role in resolution of gastric injury is relatively unknown. In this study, the effect of CQ on acetic acid induced gastric ulceration was investigated. Chronic gastric ulcers were induced in male Wistar rats by serosal application of acetic acid for 60 seconds. Subsequently, the animals were given either 0.1ml normal saline (Group B) or 3mg/kg Chloroquine sulphate (Group C) for three days starting 24 hours after ulcer induction. A control (sham-operated) group of animals (Group A) did not have any ulcer induced. The animals were sacrificed by days 7, 14 and 21 post ulceration for gastric ulcer score. Homogenised gastric tissues were also analysed colorimetrically for malodialdehyde (MDA) estimation. In another study, basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion was measured using the continuo...

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020

Mosquito coil fumes (MCF) is used in several Nigerian homes and some part of the world with repor... more Mosquito coil fumes (MCF) is used in several Nigerian homes and some part of the world with reported grave consequences to the respiratory tract majorly. There is paucity of information on its outcome on the gastrointestinal tract being a related organ to the respiratory tract. Forty five male Wistar rats (123.1 ± 7.3g) were used in this study, they were grouped into 3 (n=15/group; 5 each day of experiment). Rats in group 1 served as control (no MCF). Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to MCF for 8-10 h daily for 2 (2p) and 6 (6p) weeks respectively, in a well-ventilated room of 38.3m3 in size each day. After the period of exposure, chronic gastric ulcer were induced by intraluminal application of 50% acetic acid. The animals were sacrificed on days 0 (no ulcer induction), 3 and 10 post ulceration for complete blood count and ulcer scores. Stomach was excised for histology and biochemical assays, homogenized gastric tissues were analyzed by spectrophotometry for malondialdehyde (MDA), cata...

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2018

Objective: To investigate the anti-colitic effects of diet containing seeds of Buchholzia coriace... more Objective: To investigate the anti-colitic effects of diet containing seeds of Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis. Methods: Male Wistar rats (70-100 g) were fed with standard diets (control group) or with same diet containing B. coriacea seeds at 12.5% or 25% for six weeks. At the sixth week, colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of 1 mL/200 g 6% acetic acid. Animals were sacrificed at days 0 (before induction), 1, 3 and 7 post induction to assess disease severity via evaluation of stool consistency, haematological variables and histomorphometry of colon tissues. Results: A significant increase in body weight was observed in the 12.5% B. coriacea fed group compared to the control. B. coriacea significantly reduced stool consistency and microscopic scores. Histological evaluation revealed significantly decreased inflammatory aggregates in B. coriacea fed groups compared to control after colitis induction. There was a significant decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cell and haemoglobin concentration in the control group at day 1 post colitis induction compared to 12.5% B. coriacea fed groups. Neutrophils and white blood cell were also significantly increased after colitis induction in the control group while these were significantly decreased in the B. coriacea fed groups. Conclusions: The addition of B. coriacea seeds to diets promotes healing of acetic acid induced colitis by suppressing infiltration of inflammatory aggregates and ameliorating anemia.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020

The interest in the role of vanadium compounds in living organisms has grown tremendously especia... more The interest in the role of vanadium compounds in living organisms has grown tremendously especially since the report of its glycemic normalization activity in the 1980s. There has been reports of both its toxic as well as positive effects, thus there is a paucity of information on the essentiality of this element in biological systems. In this study, the effect of different doses of sodium metavanadate on the haematological and biochemical variables of male Wistar rats was investigated. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five each and were given tap water containing various concentrations of sodium metavanadate (0ppm- group 1, 50ppm- group 2, 100ppm- group 3, or 200ppm- group 4) for 10weeks. Weekly body changes were noted and blood was collected at the end of 10 weeks by retro orbital puncture for haematological and serum biochemical variables. Histological sections were also performed on liver and kidney tissues. There was a significant increase in body weig...

Food bioscience, Apr 1, 2018

activities o f Chrysophyllum albidum and its fractions on microflora and colonic pump activities ... more activities o f Chrysophyllum albidum and its fractions on microflora and colonic pump activities during inflammatory phase of colitis healing in experimental mice, Food Bioscience,

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dec 1, 2021

Abstract Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications. It ... more Abstract Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications. It is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current drugs. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale (Ao) stem bark extract, a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in Nigeria. Methanolic stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into 3 fractions; hexane fraction (AoHF), ethyl acetate fraction (AoEF) and methanol fraction (AoMF). In vitro studies on the effect of these fractions using guinea pig ileum (GPI) muscle contraction, as well as the modulatory effect of standard agonists and antagonists on such contraction, revealed AoEF as the most active fraction. In vivo studies to assess the effect of AoEF on the dopaminergic, muscarinic and serotonergic pathways were carried out using gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GT) as experimental end points. AoEF was subjected to GC-MS analysis, while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholinesterase receptor (M3) using AutodockVina. Results indicated that AoEF inhibited GE and GT via inhibition of M3. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in AoEF; while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy) ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity for M3. This study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic pathway. And since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity for M3 relative to loperamide, the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

Journal of Dietary Supplements, Dec 26, 2017

Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) seeds, in folk medicine, have been documented to prevent gastri... more Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) seeds, in folk medicine, have been documented to prevent gastric ulceration though the mechanism is not fully elucidated. To clarify this, the gastro-healing activities were investigated using graded incorporation of B. coriacea seeds in the diet. Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 7 groups (n = 15): unulcerated untreated control, ulcerated untreated control, unulcerated B. coriacea low (10%), ulcerated B. coriacea low (10%), nulcerated B. coriacea high (25%), ulcerated B. coriacea high (25%), and ulcerated omeprazole-treated groups. Rats were fed with B. coriacea diets for 7 weeks; thereafter, ulcer was induced by ischemic reperfusion method. Daily body weight, gastric acid secretion, hematological parameters, stomach ulcer score, and biochemical and histological analyses were evaluated on days 0, 3, and 7 post-ulcer induction. Results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); p ≤.05 was considered significant. Significant decreases were observed in mean body weight of B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups from week 7. Ulcerated B. coriacea-fed showed significant decrease in gastric acid secretion by days 3 and 7 compared with ulcerated control groups. Malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased in ulcerated B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups. Significant increases in hematological variables (notably platelet count), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide levels of B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups by days 0 and 3 were observed. Histological evaluations further confirmed these observations. B. coriacea diet enhanced gastric healing activities on ischemic reperfused gastric ulcer. Increased platelet count and nitric oxide levels may play significant roles in this process.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, May 31, 2010

Water, Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Landolphia owarensis were investigated for their effec... more Water, Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Landolphia owarensis were investigated for their effects on gastric acid secretion and ulceration in male albino rats. Two models of gastric lesion induced in experimental Wistar rats-HC1/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions-were employed. In both models, the antiulcer activity of LA was compared with that of cimetidine (100 mg kg p.o.). In the HCl/Ethanol model, ulcer index and mucus production was determined. In pylorus ligated rat, ulcer index, mucus production, total volume of gastric juice and gastric acidity level were measured. Pre-treatment of animals with the aqueous extracts (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) orally once daily for two weeks significantly reduced formation of ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol mixture, the percentage inhibition being 43.8% and 55.27% respectively. The Chloroform extract afforded the least protection with 23.07% and 14.77% inhibition. This was also accompanied by significant increases in gastric mucus production. In pylorus ligated rats, total volume of gastric juice and gastric acidity was significantly decreased as compared to control group, to levels comparable to that produced by cimetidine. The results indicate that the leaf extracts of LO contains antiulcer principles.

Journal of interventional epidemiology and public health, Dec 17, 2021

Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 informa... more Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants' overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using nine questions that consisted of general knowledge on the cause, origin, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, availability of a potent vaccine and specific therapy, prevention strategies of COVID-19 and knowledge of proper handwashing practices. P-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1±2 years, 317 (41.2%) were males, and 73 (8.9%) had studied a health-related course. Of the 754 respondents who responded to the COVID-19 knowledge questions, 187 (24.8%) had general knowledge about COVID-19, while 280 (37.1%) had knowledge in all domains; mode of spread, symptoms and signs, and prevention of COVID-19. Among the respondents, 129 (40.7%) males had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (P=0.070), while 38 participants (52.1%) who had studied a health-related course had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (P=0.003). Regarding the knowledge of handwashing, 184 (58%) males displayed satisfactory knowledge (P=0.007). Social media (64.4%) and television (58%) were the main sources of COVID-19 information. Respondents who had studied a health-related course were twice likely to have satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR=2, 95% CI=1.25-2.5 P=0.003,) and six times likely to have satisfactory knowledge of handwashing (AOR=5.6, 95% CI=3.3-10.0, P≤0.0001). Conclusion: Utilization of both social media and the mainstream mass media in disseminating health education information and correcting fake news and misconceptions is needed. Health promotion strategies should be organized for all youths, especially among those who have no previous education in the health and allied courses.

Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2018

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various protective and aggressive... more Background: The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various protective and aggressive factors from food and the environment. Recent studies have shown that environmental factors, including heavy metal exposure and diet may alter gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. Arsenic (extensively available in the form of oxides or sulfides or as a salt of iron, sodium, calcium, copper, etc) is a major contaminant of soil, air as well as various water sources used for human and industrial activities, making it a huge public health burden. The present study was designed to characterize gastrointestinal alterations induced by sodium arsenite (SA) exposure. Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 16) in two separate studies. Groups I and 2 received distilled water and indomethacin (40mg/kg, p.o) respectively while groups 3 and 4 animals received 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg SA respectively for two weeks prior to administration of indomethacin. In the first study, gastric acid secretion (GAS) was studied using the continuous perfusion technique. In the second study, animals were sacrificed after indomethacin administration. Ulcer was assessed based on macroscopic appearance of the stomach using an ulcer score scale. Each excised stomach was thoroughly cleaned and small sections were taken for histological analysis. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and differences considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Basal GAS was 0.08 ± 0.004 mEq/L in control rats. Indomethacin increased GAS significantly (0.14 mEq/L). The effect of indomethacin was augmented in rats with prior exposure to SA in a dose-dependent manner (0.17±0.01 and 0.26±0.02 mEq/L respectively). In the second study, SA significantly increased mean ulcer score, parietal and mucous cell counts when compared with the unexposed groups. Moderate epithelial erosion with infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as decreased intraglandular mucin and mucous secreting cells were observed in the stomach tissues of sodium arsenite treated rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that sodium arsenite potentiates gastric ulceration during indomethacin induced ulceration by increasing basal gastric acid secretion, increased parietal cell counts with extensive damage to the mucous secreting cells thereby distrupting the cyto-protecting ability of the stomach.

Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2013

Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of eth... more Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C.febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C.febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. After 30 min, the animals were each administered orally with 20% (w/v) glucose at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Twenty- Five (25) Albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups. The animals in four out of five groups were fasted for 18 h and were made diabetic by injecting with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) 150 mg/kg. Blood was collected on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 for glucose estimation and day 15 for lipid profile assay. Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 60 min in all treatments. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats without treatment showed significant increases ( p < 0.05) in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol while the high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol level were significantly decreased ( p< 0.05) compared to normal rats. In addition, the diabetic rats treated with the CF and glibenclamide showed significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in both blood glucose, TG and LDL- cholesterol levels and a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol level compared to diabetic untreated rats. Conclusion: The ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) possesses potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2014

Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective activities of ethan... more Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective activities of ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p). The ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 28 days. The effect of ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on blood glucose, Urea, Creatinine, renal oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation were measured in the diabetic rats. Results: The ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi exhibited significant reduction of blood glucose (p<0.05) at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg when compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). Urea and Creatinine levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic group without treatment as compared to control. In addition, the level of oxidative stress markers such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diabetic rats as compared to normal rats while the lipid peroxidation (MDA) significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic group without treatment as compared to control (normal) rat. Apart from these, histopathological changes also revealed the cytoprotective nature of the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against alloxan induced necrotic damage of renal tissues. Conclusion: From the above results, we concluded that the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi can prevent renal damage from alloxan induced nephrotoxicity in rats and it is likely to be mediated through its antioxidant activities.

Journal of interventional epidemiology and public health, Dec 17, 2021

Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 informa... more Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants' overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using nine questions that consisted of general knowledge on the cause, origin, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, availability of a potent vaccine and specific therapy, prevention strategies of COVID-19 and knowledge of proper handwashing practices. P-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1±2 years, 317 (41.2%) were males, and 73 (8.9%) had studied a health-related course. Of the 754 respondents who responded to the COVID-19 knowledge questions, 187 (24.8%) had general knowledge about COVID-19, while 280 (37.1%) had knowledge in all domains;mode of spread, symptoms and signs, and prevention of COVID- 19. Among the respond...

West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 2016

Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, 2013

Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of eth... more Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C.febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C.febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. After 30 min, the animals were each administered orally with 20% (w/v) glucose at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Twenty- Five (25) Albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups. The animals in four out of ...

Comparative clinical pathology, Feb 15, 2022

Cement dust (CD) is a known toxicant of both occupational and environmental impacts . Its heavy m... more Cement dust (CD) is a known toxicant of both occupational and environmental impacts . Its heavy metallic and silica constituents occasion its systemic toxicosis. Several reports, characterized by crude exposure methods, have been made about its hematotoxicity. This study investigates the pattern of CD hematopoietic effect using a controlled model of exposure. Thirty (30) 3-month-old male Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 180g were randomized into three (3) groups (n = 10); control, 14-day and 28-day exposed. We assessed hematological differentials and indices, osmotic fragility test, erythrocyte morphology, and morphometry. Gross osteological variables and indices, osteohistopathology, and bone marrow cytology were also investigated. Results show that CD alters hematological variables with significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lymphocyte, and reticulocyte count with a significant reduction in neutrophil count. Abnormal erythromorphology and morphometry observed significantly differ from the control. We found a significantly higher osmotic concentration-independent fragility. Terminal body weight and various osteological parameters including weight/foraminal index ratio (WFiR), relative tuberosity (ReT), relative epicondyle (ReE), relative femoral width (RFW), relative femoral length (RFL), ponderal, and bone density indices significantly differ from control. Osteohistopathological assessment of the exposed groups shows an array of alterations in the trabecula morphology and marrow cavity. The retinue of data from bone marrow cytology reveals that the bone internal matrix appears necrotic with dispersed cellular debris. The available evidence in this study suggests that exposure to CD induces hematopoietic toxicities with effects stemming from the bone marrow.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, Jun 30, 2022

Gastrointestinal dysmotility is a substantial public health challenge globally. Based on previous... more Gastrointestinal dysmotility is a substantial public health challenge globally. Based on previous findings in developed countries, it has been observed that there is an association between diarrhea, constipation, and some cardiovascular variables. This study investigated the effects of experimentally-induced short-term acute constipation and short-term acute diarrhea on certain cardiovascular variables in rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Control, Diarrhoea, and Constipation. The experiment was carried out in 2 phases, the period after induction and the recovery period, and 5 animals per group were used for each phase. The control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water while Diarrhoea and the Constipation group were induced by oral administration of 2ml Castor oil and administration of Loperamide (3mg/kg, b.d, orally x 3 days), respectively. Cardiovascular variables were assessed using the Edan Scientific® Electrocardiography and Heart Rate Variability machine. Recovery was allowed for 4 days after the onset of the procedure and cardiovascular parameters were reassessed. Post-induction Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) significantly increased in constipated rats (153.2 ± 2.9 mmHg; 109.0 ± 3.7 mmHg; 123.7 ± 3.2 mmHg; 123.4±5.6 bpm) when compared with the control values (95.5±4.8 mmHg; 61.2 ± 3.5 mmHg; 72.6 ± 3.6 mmHg; 72.3 ± 5.2 bpm), respectively. The recovery SBP, DBP, MAP, and Heart Rate in the constipated group remained significantly higher compared to the control. Diarrhea had no significant effect on the parameters determined in both post-induction and recovery phases. The electrical activities did not change in both experimental groups compared to the control. This study revealed increased SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in short-term acute constipated rats but not so with short-term acute experimental diarrhea.

Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, most widely used in treating malaria. Although... more Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, most widely used in treating malaria. Although previous studies have reported the gastric acid enhancing and pro ulcerogenic effect of CQ, its role in resolution of gastric injury is relatively unknown. In this study, the effect of CQ on acetic acid induced gastric ulceration was investigated. Chronic gastric ulcers were induced in male Wistar rats by serosal application of acetic acid for 60 seconds. Subsequently, the animals were given either 0.1ml normal saline (Group B) or 3mg/kg Chloroquine sulphate (Group C) for three days starting 24 hours after ulcer induction. A control (sham-operated) group of animals (Group A) did not have any ulcer induced. The animals were sacrificed by days 7, 14 and 21 post ulceration for gastric ulcer score. Homogenised gastric tissues were also analysed colorimetrically for malodialdehyde (MDA) estimation. In another study, basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion was measured using the continuo...

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020

Mosquito coil fumes (MCF) is used in several Nigerian homes and some part of the world with repor... more Mosquito coil fumes (MCF) is used in several Nigerian homes and some part of the world with reported grave consequences to the respiratory tract majorly. There is paucity of information on its outcome on the gastrointestinal tract being a related organ to the respiratory tract. Forty five male Wistar rats (123.1 ± 7.3g) were used in this study, they were grouped into 3 (n=15/group; 5 each day of experiment). Rats in group 1 served as control (no MCF). Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to MCF for 8-10 h daily for 2 (2p) and 6 (6p) weeks respectively, in a well-ventilated room of 38.3m3 in size each day. After the period of exposure, chronic gastric ulcer were induced by intraluminal application of 50% acetic acid. The animals were sacrificed on days 0 (no ulcer induction), 3 and 10 post ulceration for complete blood count and ulcer scores. Stomach was excised for histology and biochemical assays, homogenized gastric tissues were analyzed by spectrophotometry for malondialdehyde (MDA), cata...

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2018

Objective: To investigate the anti-colitic effects of diet containing seeds of Buchholzia coriace... more Objective: To investigate the anti-colitic effects of diet containing seeds of Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis. Methods: Male Wistar rats (70-100 g) were fed with standard diets (control group) or with same diet containing B. coriacea seeds at 12.5% or 25% for six weeks. At the sixth week, colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of 1 mL/200 g 6% acetic acid. Animals were sacrificed at days 0 (before induction), 1, 3 and 7 post induction to assess disease severity via evaluation of stool consistency, haematological variables and histomorphometry of colon tissues. Results: A significant increase in body weight was observed in the 12.5% B. coriacea fed group compared to the control. B. coriacea significantly reduced stool consistency and microscopic scores. Histological evaluation revealed significantly decreased inflammatory aggregates in B. coriacea fed groups compared to control after colitis induction. There was a significant decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cell and haemoglobin concentration in the control group at day 1 post colitis induction compared to 12.5% B. coriacea fed groups. Neutrophils and white blood cell were also significantly increased after colitis induction in the control group while these were significantly decreased in the B. coriacea fed groups. Conclusions: The addition of B. coriacea seeds to diets promotes healing of acetic acid induced colitis by suppressing infiltration of inflammatory aggregates and ameliorating anemia.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020

The interest in the role of vanadium compounds in living organisms has grown tremendously especia... more The interest in the role of vanadium compounds in living organisms has grown tremendously especially since the report of its glycemic normalization activity in the 1980s. There has been reports of both its toxic as well as positive effects, thus there is a paucity of information on the essentiality of this element in biological systems. In this study, the effect of different doses of sodium metavanadate on the haematological and biochemical variables of male Wistar rats was investigated. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five each and were given tap water containing various concentrations of sodium metavanadate (0ppm- group 1, 50ppm- group 2, 100ppm- group 3, or 200ppm- group 4) for 10weeks. Weekly body changes were noted and blood was collected at the end of 10 weeks by retro orbital puncture for haematological and serum biochemical variables. Histological sections were also performed on liver and kidney tissues. There was a significant increase in body weig...

Food bioscience, Apr 1, 2018

activities o f Chrysophyllum albidum and its fractions on microflora and colonic pump activities ... more activities o f Chrysophyllum albidum and its fractions on microflora and colonic pump activities during inflammatory phase of colitis healing in experimental mice, Food Bioscience,

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dec 1, 2021

Abstract Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications. It ... more Abstract Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications. It is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current drugs. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale (Ao) stem bark extract, a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in Nigeria. Methanolic stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into 3 fractions; hexane fraction (AoHF), ethyl acetate fraction (AoEF) and methanol fraction (AoMF). In vitro studies on the effect of these fractions using guinea pig ileum (GPI) muscle contraction, as well as the modulatory effect of standard agonists and antagonists on such contraction, revealed AoEF as the most active fraction. In vivo studies to assess the effect of AoEF on the dopaminergic, muscarinic and serotonergic pathways were carried out using gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GT) as experimental end points. AoEF was subjected to GC-MS analysis, while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholinesterase receptor (M3) using AutodockVina. Results indicated that AoEF inhibited GE and GT via inhibition of M3. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in AoEF; while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy) ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity for M3. This study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic pathway. And since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity for M3 relative to loperamide, the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

Journal of Dietary Supplements, Dec 26, 2017

Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) seeds, in folk medicine, have been documented to prevent gastri... more Buchholzia coriacea (B. coriacea) seeds, in folk medicine, have been documented to prevent gastric ulceration though the mechanism is not fully elucidated. To clarify this, the gastro-healing activities were investigated using graded incorporation of B. coriacea seeds in the diet. Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 7 groups (n = 15): unulcerated untreated control, ulcerated untreated control, unulcerated B. coriacea low (10%), ulcerated B. coriacea low (10%), nulcerated B. coriacea high (25%), ulcerated B. coriacea high (25%), and ulcerated omeprazole-treated groups. Rats were fed with B. coriacea diets for 7 weeks; thereafter, ulcer was induced by ischemic reperfusion method. Daily body weight, gastric acid secretion, hematological parameters, stomach ulcer score, and biochemical and histological analyses were evaluated on days 0, 3, and 7 post-ulcer induction. Results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); p ≤.05 was considered significant. Significant decreases were observed in mean body weight of B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups from week 7. Ulcerated B. coriacea-fed showed significant decrease in gastric acid secretion by days 3 and 7 compared with ulcerated control groups. Malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased in ulcerated B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups. Significant increases in hematological variables (notably platelet count), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide levels of B. coriacea-fed compared with control and omeprazole-treated groups by days 0 and 3 were observed. Histological evaluations further confirmed these observations. B. coriacea diet enhanced gastric healing activities on ischemic reperfused gastric ulcer. Increased platelet count and nitric oxide levels may play significant roles in this process.

Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, May 31, 2010

Water, Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Landolphia owarensis were investigated for their effec... more Water, Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Landolphia owarensis were investigated for their effects on gastric acid secretion and ulceration in male albino rats. Two models of gastric lesion induced in experimental Wistar rats-HC1/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions-were employed. In both models, the antiulcer activity of LA was compared with that of cimetidine (100 mg kg p.o.). In the HCl/Ethanol model, ulcer index and mucus production was determined. In pylorus ligated rat, ulcer index, mucus production, total volume of gastric juice and gastric acidity level were measured. Pre-treatment of animals with the aqueous extracts (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) orally once daily for two weeks significantly reduced formation of ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol mixture, the percentage inhibition being 43.8% and 55.27% respectively. The Chloroform extract afforded the least protection with 23.07% and 14.77% inhibition. This was also accompanied by significant increases in gastric mucus production. In pylorus ligated rats, total volume of gastric juice and gastric acidity was significantly decreased as compared to control group, to levels comparable to that produced by cimetidine. The results indicate that the leaf extracts of LO contains antiulcer principles.

Journal of interventional epidemiology and public health, Dec 17, 2021

Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 informa... more Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants' overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using nine questions that consisted of general knowledge on the cause, origin, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, availability of a potent vaccine and specific therapy, prevention strategies of COVID-19 and knowledge of proper handwashing practices. P-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1±2 years, 317 (41.2%) were males, and 73 (8.9%) had studied a health-related course. Of the 754 respondents who responded to the COVID-19 knowledge questions, 187 (24.8%) had general knowledge about COVID-19, while 280 (37.1%) had knowledge in all domains; mode of spread, symptoms and signs, and prevention of COVID-19. Among the respondents, 129 (40.7%) males had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (P=0.070), while 38 participants (52.1%) who had studied a health-related course had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (P=0.003). Regarding the knowledge of handwashing, 184 (58%) males displayed satisfactory knowledge (P=0.007). Social media (64.4%) and television (58%) were the main sources of COVID-19 information. Respondents who had studied a health-related course were twice likely to have satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR=2, 95% CI=1.25-2.5 P=0.003,) and six times likely to have satisfactory knowledge of handwashing (AOR=5.6, 95% CI=3.3-10.0, P≤0.0001). Conclusion: Utilization of both social media and the mainstream mass media in disseminating health education information and correcting fake news and misconceptions is needed. Health promotion strategies should be organized for all youths, especially among those who have no previous education in the health and allied courses.

Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2018

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various protective and aggressive... more Background: The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various protective and aggressive factors from food and the environment. Recent studies have shown that environmental factors, including heavy metal exposure and diet may alter gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. Arsenic (extensively available in the form of oxides or sulfides or as a salt of iron, sodium, calcium, copper, etc) is a major contaminant of soil, air as well as various water sources used for human and industrial activities, making it a huge public health burden. The present study was designed to characterize gastrointestinal alterations induced by sodium arsenite (SA) exposure. Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 16) in two separate studies. Groups I and 2 received distilled water and indomethacin (40mg/kg, p.o) respectively while groups 3 and 4 animals received 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg SA respectively for two weeks prior to administration of indomethacin. In the first study, gastric acid secretion (GAS) was studied using the continuous perfusion technique. In the second study, animals were sacrificed after indomethacin administration. Ulcer was assessed based on macroscopic appearance of the stomach using an ulcer score scale. Each excised stomach was thoroughly cleaned and small sections were taken for histological analysis. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and differences considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Basal GAS was 0.08 ± 0.004 mEq/L in control rats. Indomethacin increased GAS significantly (0.14 mEq/L). The effect of indomethacin was augmented in rats with prior exposure to SA in a dose-dependent manner (0.17±0.01 and 0.26±0.02 mEq/L respectively). In the second study, SA significantly increased mean ulcer score, parietal and mucous cell counts when compared with the unexposed groups. Moderate epithelial erosion with infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as decreased intraglandular mucin and mucous secreting cells were observed in the stomach tissues of sodium arsenite treated rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that sodium arsenite potentiates gastric ulceration during indomethacin induced ulceration by increasing basal gastric acid secretion, increased parietal cell counts with extensive damage to the mucous secreting cells thereby distrupting the cyto-protecting ability of the stomach.

Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2013

Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of eth... more Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C.febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C.febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. After 30 min, the animals were each administered orally with 20% (w/v) glucose at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Twenty- Five (25) Albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups. The animals in four out of five groups were fasted for 18 h and were made diabetic by injecting with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) 150 mg/kg. Blood was collected on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 for glucose estimation and day 15 for lipid profile assay. Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 60 min in all treatments. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats without treatment showed significant increases ( p < 0.05) in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol while the high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol level were significantly decreased ( p< 0.05) compared to normal rats. In addition, the diabetic rats treated with the CF and glibenclamide showed significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in both blood glucose, TG and LDL- cholesterol levels and a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol level compared to diabetic untreated rats. Conclusion: The ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) possesses potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2014

Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective activities of ethan... more Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective activities of ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p). The ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 28 days. The effect of ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on blood glucose, Urea, Creatinine, renal oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation were measured in the diabetic rats. Results: The ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi exhibited significant reduction of blood glucose (p<0.05) at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg when compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). Urea and Creatinine levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic group without treatment as compared to control. In addition, the level of oxidative stress markers such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diabetic rats as compared to normal rats while the lipid peroxidation (MDA) significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic group without treatment as compared to control (normal) rat. Apart from these, histopathological changes also revealed the cytoprotective nature of the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against alloxan induced necrotic damage of renal tissues. Conclusion: From the above results, we concluded that the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi can prevent renal damage from alloxan induced nephrotoxicity in rats and it is likely to be mediated through its antioxidant activities.

Journal of interventional epidemiology and public health, Dec 17, 2021

Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 informa... more Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants' overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using nine questions that consisted of general knowledge on the cause, origin, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, availability of a potent vaccine and specific therapy, prevention strategies of COVID-19 and knowledge of proper handwashing practices. P-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1±2 years, 317 (41.2%) were males, and 73 (8.9%) had studied a health-related course. Of the 754 respondents who responded to the COVID-19 knowledge questions, 187 (24.8%) had general knowledge about COVID-19, while 280 (37.1%) had knowledge in all domains;mode of spread, symptoms and signs, and prevention of COVID- 19. Among the respond...

West African journal of pharmacology and drug research, 2016

Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, 2013

Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of eth... more Objective: The study investigated the activities of antihypoglycemic and antihypolipidemic of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C.febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C.febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. After 30 min, the animals were each administered orally with 20% (w/v) glucose at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Twenty- Five (25) Albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups. The animals in four out of ...