Osama Khattak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Osama Khattak
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2020
The global challenge presented by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Shortages in healthcare staff and man... more The global challenge presented by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Shortages in healthcare staff and manpower bring the practical skills of medical students under the spotlight. However, before they can be placed on hospital frontlines, it is crucial to assess their preparedness for patient interaction. This can be achieved by comparing their behavioral dynamics to those of physicians. An online questionnaire was administered between March 20, 2020 and March 27, 2020. The preventive strategies adopted by medical students and physicians at different ages and levels of education were compared by using chi-square test where a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. We report that the demonstration of preventive behaviors increased with educational attainment and age. Older age groups avoided crowded areas, wore more masks, used disinfectants and did not touch their faces as compared to the younger participants (p < 0.001). Similarly, postgraduate doctors used more masks and disinfectants as compared to graduate doctors and medical students (p < 0.001). Based on our results, the lack of preventive behavior shown by medical students has implications for policy makers. We recommend shortand long-term changes to medical programs and admissions policies to equip medical students with the personal and professional skills to better contribute to the healthcare system in the present pandemic and beyond.
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of unmatched scale and severity. A continued state of crisis has bee... more The COVID-19 pandemic is one of unmatched scale and severity. A continued state of crisis has been met with poor public adherence to preventive measures and difficulty implementing public health policy. This study aims to identify and evaluate the factors underlying such a response. Thus, it assesses the knowledge, perceived risk, and trust in the sources of information in relation to the novel coronavirus disease at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was completed between March 20 and 27, 2020. Knowledge, perceptions, and perceived risk (Likert scale) were assessed for 737 literate participants of a representative sample in an urban setting. We found that respondents' risk perception for novel coronavirus disease was high. The perceived risk score for both cognitive and affective domains was raised at 2.24 ± 1.3 (eight items) and 3.01 ± 1 (seven items) respectively. Misconceptions and gaps in knowledge regarding COVID-19 were noted. Religious leadership was the least trusted (10%) while health authorities were the most trusted (35%) sources of information. Our findings suggest that there was a deficiency in knowledge and high concern about the pandemic, leading to a higher risk perception, especially in the affective domain. Thus, we recommend comprehensive education programs, planned intensive risk communication, and a concerted effort by all stakeholders to mitigate the spread of disease. The first of its kind in the region, this study will be critical to response efforts against current and future outbreaks.
Children
Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance... more Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11–14 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 ± 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eat...
This study was conducted to evaluate the possible reasons for failure of Root canal treatment in ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the possible reasons for failure of Root canal treatment in patients screened at RAKCODS dental clinic. Clinical observation of endodontic failure reveals multiple etiologies. (Stabholz, Lin, Torabinejad). The Washington Study of endodontic success and failure suggests percolation of periradicular exudate into the incompletely filled canal as the greatest cause of endodontic failure. 547 patients with pain were examined clinically and radio-graphically for signs of failed root canal treatment over a period of eight months on a standard criterion by three different observers. 128 patients were found with post endodontic complaints and were included in the study. The inclusion criterion was; root canal therapy done more than six months ago; pain on percussion, outcome of thermal test and presence of periradicular radiolucency. The quality of root filling and the radiographic apical periodontitis was accessed according to the criteria proposed by De...
BMC Oral Health
Background Adequate knowledge of root canal morphology and possible variations is essential to ac... more Background Adequate knowledge of root canal morphology and possible variations is essential to achieve perfect root canal treatment and overcome treatment failure. Appropriate knowledge on root and canal morphology, communication, and documentation amongst dentists will be challenging from a diagnostic and successful treatment point of view. Methods A total of 3420 samples were included in this study from 285 cone-beam computed tomography images of the Saudi residents, including 171 males and 114 females aged 15 to 68 years from retrospective data dated from January 2018 to April 2021. The images were examined in sagittal, axial and coronal views using a 3D version software 1.0.10.6388. The number of canal and canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci and the new classification system. The SPSS 26 was used to conduct the statistical analysis as descriptive statistics such as mean; standard deviation and frequency were calculated. The Chi-square test analysed the data with the sig...
Healthcare, 2022
Background: E-learning is an important adjunct used for teaching clinical skills in medicine dent... more Background: E-learning is an important adjunct used for teaching clinical skills in medicine dentistry. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of e-learning resources as an additional teaching aid to traditional teaching methods in male and female students and based on CGPA scores in a pre-clinical operative skill course. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, to assess the impact of e-learning resources in learning clinical skills in a pre-clinical operative dentistry course. Fifty second-year dental students were randomly divided into two groups, with 25 students each. Group A (control group) was taught using traditional teaching methods, and Group B (intervention group) used e-learning resources along with traditional methods. Both groups were assessed using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Standardized forms prepared by faculty members were used to assess the students. The students also fill...
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Separations
Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterias are predominate in periapical infections. The bacterial lipopo... more Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterias are predominate in periapical infections. The bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates the process of inflammation and periapical bone resorption. Usage of various medicaments retards or inactivates the bacterial endotoxin (LPS). However, the results are not highly effective. In recent years, owing to antimicrobial resistance, the shift from conventional agents to herbal agents has been increased tremendously in research. Keeping this in mind, the present study was formulated to evaluate the efficacy of oregano essential oil in inhibiting bacterial LPS- induced osteoclastogenesis. Four different concentrations (0 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL) of oregano essential oil extract were added into 96-well culture plate. Under light microscope, quantification of osteoclast cells was performed. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test was carried out on SPSS v21. A significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the osteoclast was observed in the expe...
Objective: To measure the perceptions of the dental students studying in Ras al Khaimah College o... more Objective: To measure the perceptions of the dental students studying in Ras al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences regarding the educational environment using the DREEM questionnaire. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. th Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Ras al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences from 15 of st November 2015 to the 1 of March 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on dental students of Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS) from first till fifth year. DREEM questionnaires were distributed to a total of 320 students out of which 245 students returned filled up questionnaires which were collected at the end of the week. DREEM questionnaire compromises of a set of 50 questions which are graded on a likert scale of 0‐4 by students. All the data was tabulated in SPSS 16.0 and the results were compared against the fixed values given in original DREEM inventory. Results: Out of n=320 students, 245 responded whic...
The Open Dentistry Journal
Background: The most common restorative materials used in dentistry are amalgam and composite. Am... more Background: The most common restorative materials used in dentistry are amalgam and composite. Amalgam is a controversial material owing to its mercury toxicity. With recent advances in the properties of composite materials, there has been a shift towards its use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of undergraduate dental students in a northern Saudi Arabian dental school about the choice of restorative materials for restoring posterior teeth. Methodology: The study included undergraduate students studying in 4th and 5th year dental program in College of Dentistry, Jouf University. A four-item questionnaire with 18 close-ended questions was developed by the investigators, which were hand delivered to all the students. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: A total of 98 (out of 131) undergraduate students participated in this study. Overall, the students reported a significantly strong influence of the type of res...
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of... more This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of normal saline, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite. Sixty extracted, single rooted, single canal human teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at CEJ and actual canal length determined. Then working length measurements were obtained with Root ZX in presence of normal saline 0.9%, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% NaOCl. The working length obtained with Root ZX were compared with actual canal length and subjected to statistical analysis. No statistical significant difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of normal saline and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Highly statistical difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of 2.5% of NaOCl, however all the measurements were within the clinically acceptable range of ±0.5mm. The accuracy of EL measurement of Root ZX within±0.5 mm of AL was consistently high in t...
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of... more This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of normal saline, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite. Sixty extracted, single rooted, single canal human teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at CEJ and actual canal length determined. Then working length measurements were obtained with Root ZX in presence of normal saline 0.9%, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% NaOCl. The working length obtained with Root ZX were compared with actual canal length and subjected to statistical analysis. No statistical significant difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of normal saline and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Highly statistical difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of 2.5% of NaOCl, however all the measurements were within the clinically acceptable range of ±0.5mm. The accuracy of EL measurement of Root ZX within±0.5 mm of AL was consistently high in t...
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2020
The global challenge presented by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Shortages in healthcare staff and man... more The global challenge presented by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Shortages in healthcare staff and manpower bring the practical skills of medical students under the spotlight. However, before they can be placed on hospital frontlines, it is crucial to assess their preparedness for patient interaction. This can be achieved by comparing their behavioral dynamics to those of physicians. An online questionnaire was administered between March 20, 2020 and March 27, 2020. The preventive strategies adopted by medical students and physicians at different ages and levels of education were compared by using chi-square test where a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. We report that the demonstration of preventive behaviors increased with educational attainment and age. Older age groups avoided crowded areas, wore more masks, used disinfectants and did not touch their faces as compared to the younger participants (p < 0.001). Similarly, postgraduate doctors used more masks and disinfectants as compared to graduate doctors and medical students (p < 0.001). Based on our results, the lack of preventive behavior shown by medical students has implications for policy makers. We recommend shortand long-term changes to medical programs and admissions policies to equip medical students with the personal and professional skills to better contribute to the healthcare system in the present pandemic and beyond.
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of unmatched scale and severity. A continued state of crisis has bee... more The COVID-19 pandemic is one of unmatched scale and severity. A continued state of crisis has been met with poor public adherence to preventive measures and difficulty implementing public health policy. This study aims to identify and evaluate the factors underlying such a response. Thus, it assesses the knowledge, perceived risk, and trust in the sources of information in relation to the novel coronavirus disease at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was completed between March 20 and 27, 2020. Knowledge, perceptions, and perceived risk (Likert scale) were assessed for 737 literate participants of a representative sample in an urban setting. We found that respondents' risk perception for novel coronavirus disease was high. The perceived risk score for both cognitive and affective domains was raised at 2.24 ± 1.3 (eight items) and 3.01 ± 1 (seven items) respectively. Misconceptions and gaps in knowledge regarding COVID-19 were noted. Religious leadership was the least trusted (10%) while health authorities were the most trusted (35%) sources of information. Our findings suggest that there was a deficiency in knowledge and high concern about the pandemic, leading to a higher risk perception, especially in the affective domain. Thus, we recommend comprehensive education programs, planned intensive risk communication, and a concerted effort by all stakeholders to mitigate the spread of disease. The first of its kind in the region, this study will be critical to response efforts against current and future outbreaks.
Children
Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance... more Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11–14 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 ± 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eat...
This study was conducted to evaluate the possible reasons for failure of Root canal treatment in ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the possible reasons for failure of Root canal treatment in patients screened at RAKCODS dental clinic. Clinical observation of endodontic failure reveals multiple etiologies. (Stabholz, Lin, Torabinejad). The Washington Study of endodontic success and failure suggests percolation of periradicular exudate into the incompletely filled canal as the greatest cause of endodontic failure. 547 patients with pain were examined clinically and radio-graphically for signs of failed root canal treatment over a period of eight months on a standard criterion by three different observers. 128 patients were found with post endodontic complaints and were included in the study. The inclusion criterion was; root canal therapy done more than six months ago; pain on percussion, outcome of thermal test and presence of periradicular radiolucency. The quality of root filling and the radiographic apical periodontitis was accessed according to the criteria proposed by De...
BMC Oral Health
Background Adequate knowledge of root canal morphology and possible variations is essential to ac... more Background Adequate knowledge of root canal morphology and possible variations is essential to achieve perfect root canal treatment and overcome treatment failure. Appropriate knowledge on root and canal morphology, communication, and documentation amongst dentists will be challenging from a diagnostic and successful treatment point of view. Methods A total of 3420 samples were included in this study from 285 cone-beam computed tomography images of the Saudi residents, including 171 males and 114 females aged 15 to 68 years from retrospective data dated from January 2018 to April 2021. The images were examined in sagittal, axial and coronal views using a 3D version software 1.0.10.6388. The number of canal and canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci and the new classification system. The SPSS 26 was used to conduct the statistical analysis as descriptive statistics such as mean; standard deviation and frequency were calculated. The Chi-square test analysed the data with the sig...
Healthcare, 2022
Background: E-learning is an important adjunct used for teaching clinical skills in medicine dent... more Background: E-learning is an important adjunct used for teaching clinical skills in medicine dentistry. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of e-learning resources as an additional teaching aid to traditional teaching methods in male and female students and based on CGPA scores in a pre-clinical operative skill course. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, to assess the impact of e-learning resources in learning clinical skills in a pre-clinical operative dentistry course. Fifty second-year dental students were randomly divided into two groups, with 25 students each. Group A (control group) was taught using traditional teaching methods, and Group B (intervention group) used e-learning resources along with traditional methods. Both groups were assessed using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Standardized forms prepared by faculty members were used to assess the students. The students also fill...
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Separations
Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterias are predominate in periapical infections. The bacterial lipopo... more Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterias are predominate in periapical infections. The bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates the process of inflammation and periapical bone resorption. Usage of various medicaments retards or inactivates the bacterial endotoxin (LPS). However, the results are not highly effective. In recent years, owing to antimicrobial resistance, the shift from conventional agents to herbal agents has been increased tremendously in research. Keeping this in mind, the present study was formulated to evaluate the efficacy of oregano essential oil in inhibiting bacterial LPS- induced osteoclastogenesis. Four different concentrations (0 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL) of oregano essential oil extract were added into 96-well culture plate. Under light microscope, quantification of osteoclast cells was performed. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test was carried out on SPSS v21. A significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the osteoclast was observed in the expe...
Objective: To measure the perceptions of the dental students studying in Ras al Khaimah College o... more Objective: To measure the perceptions of the dental students studying in Ras al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences regarding the educational environment using the DREEM questionnaire. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. th Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Ras al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences from 15 of st November 2015 to the 1 of March 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on dental students of Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS) from first till fifth year. DREEM questionnaires were distributed to a total of 320 students out of which 245 students returned filled up questionnaires which were collected at the end of the week. DREEM questionnaire compromises of a set of 50 questions which are graded on a likert scale of 0‐4 by students. All the data was tabulated in SPSS 16.0 and the results were compared against the fixed values given in original DREEM inventory. Results: Out of n=320 students, 245 responded whic...
The Open Dentistry Journal
Background: The most common restorative materials used in dentistry are amalgam and composite. Am... more Background: The most common restorative materials used in dentistry are amalgam and composite. Amalgam is a controversial material owing to its mercury toxicity. With recent advances in the properties of composite materials, there has been a shift towards its use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of undergraduate dental students in a northern Saudi Arabian dental school about the choice of restorative materials for restoring posterior teeth. Methodology: The study included undergraduate students studying in 4th and 5th year dental program in College of Dentistry, Jouf University. A four-item questionnaire with 18 close-ended questions was developed by the investigators, which were hand delivered to all the students. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: A total of 98 (out of 131) undergraduate students participated in this study. Overall, the students reported a significantly strong influence of the type of res...
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of... more This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of normal saline, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite. Sixty extracted, single rooted, single canal human teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at CEJ and actual canal length determined. Then working length measurements were obtained with Root ZX in presence of normal saline 0.9%, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% NaOCl. The working length obtained with Root ZX were compared with actual canal length and subjected to statistical analysis. No statistical significant difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of normal saline and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Highly statistical difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of 2.5% of NaOCl, however all the measurements were within the clinically acceptable range of ±0.5mm. The accuracy of EL measurement of Root ZX within±0.5 mm of AL was consistently high in t...
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of... more This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of normal saline, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite. Sixty extracted, single rooted, single canal human teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at CEJ and actual canal length determined. Then working length measurements were obtained with Root ZX in presence of normal saline 0.9%, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% NaOCl. The working length obtained with Root ZX were compared with actual canal length and subjected to statistical analysis. No statistical significant difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of normal saline and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Highly statistical difference was found between actual canal length and Root ZX measurements in presence of 2.5% of NaOCl, however all the measurements were within the clinically acceptable range of ±0.5mm. The accuracy of EL measurement of Root ZX within±0.5 mm of AL was consistently high in t...