Efficacy of Oregano Essential Oil Extract in the Inhibition of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Using RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line—An In-Vitro Study (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2014
In the present study, essential oils extracted from the leaves and lowers of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. (L. alba) were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity and their effects on osteoclasts. The periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans; ATCC 43717), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum; ATCC 25586) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis); ATCC 33277) were used in antimicrobial activity assays for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), whereas Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis; ATCC 25285) was used as the control microorganism. Osteoclast (OC) apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and Fas receptor expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. The analysis of antimicrobial activity revealed that P. gingivalis had the lowest MIC values, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans had the highest. L. alba essential oils were found to be toxic to human cells, although the compounds, carvone, limonene and citral, were non-toxic and induced apoptosis in the OCs. This study demonstrates that L. alba has potential biotechnological application in dentistry. In fact periodontal disease has a multifactorial etiology, and the immune response to microbial challenge leads to osteoclast activation and the resorption of the alveolar bone, resulting in tooth loss.
Antibiotics
Due to their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and regenerative activities, culinary herbs have multiple medicinal uses, among which to prevent and treat oral diseases. The whole essential oils (EOs) have multiple advantages over purified components, such as a low probability to select for antimicrobial resistance, synergic effects of different components, and multi-pharmacological activities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate essential oils from Salvia officinalis (sage), Satureja hortensis (summer savory), and Anethum graveolens (dill) using an in vitro analysis of their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis; the assays addressed both the planktonic and biofilm growth states and used culture-based approaches. Some of the tested EOs exhibited excellent bactericidal and antibiofilm activity, being active at concentrations as low as 0.08–1.36 mg/mL. Flow cytometry was...
The impact of compounds isolated from Ocimum sp. on apoptotic activity of osteoclast
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016
Periodontal disease has multifactorial etiology. The immune response to the microbial challenge leads to osteoclast activation and resorption of the alveolar bone, resulting in tooth loss. Compounds isolated from Ocimum americanum and Ocimum basilicum were analyzed for apoptotic activity towards osteoclast in this study. Steam distillation was used for the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from dry leaves and flowers. The assessment of apoptosis in osteoclasts was carried out through the TUNEL assay and immunocytochemistry for the Fas receptor. The chemical profile of EOs, characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, revealed methyl cinnamate (O. americanum), linalool, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole (O. basilicum) as major components. The results showed that essential oils were not able to induce apoptosis in osteoclast; however, linalool (50 to 300 μg.ml-1) induced 75% of apoptotic osteoclasts at non-toxic concentrations and the apoptotic activity was confirmed...
Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2016
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflamma...
Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2021
Being consumed as a spice, Origanum species are also utilized for alternative medical treatment and are therefore of great economic importance. This study examined the effect of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. gracile (OVG) essential oil (EO) against planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic Streptococcus mutansas well as its cytotoxic activity. The antimicrobial potential of EO was screened by broth microdilution method. Crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activitiy and the biofilm formation was also displayed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the EO was determined as 2.5±0.31 mg/mL. The EO acted as an anti-biofilm agent by preventing biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations (27.15 to 33.2%). The SEM imaging of biofilms treated with EO showed density and morphological changes when compared to the untreated group. To determine the cytotoxicity, 3-(4,5-dimeth...
Journal of Dental Sciences, 2015
Background/purpose: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Bunge (Labiatae/Lamiaceae; common name danshen) is a Chinese medicine that improves blood circulation and inhibits inflammatory response. Thus, it is used for the treatment of cardiac diseases and inflammation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of SM (SME) on the dental alveolar bone resorption induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Materials and methods: An ethanolic extract was prepared from roots of SM. The major constituents of this extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The activity of the extract was evaluated in a rat model in which the dental alveolar bone resorption was induced by injection of bacterial LPS into the palatal gingiva around the maxillary molar teeth. The effect of SME on the bone resorption was studied by histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Results: The number of osteoclasts and the percentage of osteoclasts covering the alveolar bone surfaces were significantly increased in the LPS group compared with those in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. The number and percentage of the osteoclasts on the bony surfaces were significantly reduced in the SME group in comparison with the LPS group, although it was still higher than the numbers observed in the PBS group.
Research, Society and Development, 2021
Western medicine has been trying to use natural means for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria, in this context, it is very noticeable the great interest of therapeutic agents coming from natural products, more specifically those derived from plants. In this sense, a review of the integrative literature on the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of oregano has been carried out. For this review of integrative literature 24 scientific articles were used. The studies showed that the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) has been used as an element of scientific research in laboratories as an antimicrobial strategy against innumerable types of bacteria, where its high therapeutic and antimicrobial content has been proven. The essential oil of O. vulgare exposes a variable range of active compounds, being the monoterpenes carvacrol and thymol the majority compounds of this essential oil, which corresponds between 80,2 and 98% of the total composition of this ...
The possible anti-inflammatory properties of hydro-ethanolic extract of Oregano
Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 2023
Backgrounds: Plant compounds are of great value due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and other characteristics. This study aimed to examine the chemical composition and impact of the Origanum vulgare hydroethanolic extract on nociceptive behavior and anti-inflammatory properties in in vivo mice models. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques were employed to determine the major active phytochemicals of the extract. The effects of the extract on nociceptive reactions were evaluated using formalin and hot plate tests, while the anti-inflammatory effect was determined using the Carrageenan test. The methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay was applied to analyze growth-inhibiting properties of the extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results: Various flavonoids and organic acids were identified in O. vulgare hydro-ethanolic extract. The extract possessed low cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as only 1 mg/mL or higher concentrations of the extract induced considerable growth inhibition. The formalin and hot plate tests demonstrated some sensitizing effects of the investigated extract (5 mg/kg) on mice. Moreover, the Carrageenan test revealed pronounced anti-inflammatory properties of the O. vulgare extract. Conclusion: The potent biological activity of the wild oregano herb extract makes it a promising source for the development of medicinal preparations. Keywords: Nociceptive behavior, anti-inflammatory effect, Oregano, flavonoids, chemical composition, cytotoxicity, in vivo mice models.
Molecules
Neocinnamomum caudatum (Lauraceae) plant is used in the traditional system of medicine and is considered a potential source of edible fruits, spices, flavoring agents and biodiesel. The leaves, bark and roots of the species are used by local communities for the treatment of inflammatory responses, such as allergies, sinusitis and urinary tract infections. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the molecular mechanism through which this plant exerts its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the current research was to characterize the chemical constituents of bark (NCB) and leaf (NCL) essential oil of N. caudatum and to elucidate its anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were further subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The major constituents in bark essential oil identified as β-pinene (13.11%), α-cadinol (11.18%) and α-pinene (10.99%), whereas leaf essent...