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The purpose of this study was to find out the Shyness in sports: a key towards success. The study... more The purpose of this study was to find out the Shyness in sports: a key towards success. The study has an aim to find out the difference of a Psychological variable i.e: Shyness between female baseball and softball players. The investigator had selected Thirty (N=30) female inter-college level baseball and softball players of 19 to 25 years of age as subjects. The result was pertaining to insignificant difference between baseball and softball players on the variable Shyness. To determine the statistically differences between baseball and softball players, unpaired t-test was employed for data analyses. To test the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05.

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Empathy... more The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Empathy, Self-motivation and Emotional stability among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been taken to collect the data for this research work. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected parameters were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The analysis shows that statistically insignificant differences were found with respect to Empa...

The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of a Psychological variable i... more The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of a Psychological variable i.e: Self-awareness among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been adopted to collect the relevant data for this study. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The outcome shows that statistically insignificant difference was found with regard to...

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Managin... more The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Managing relations, Integrity, Self-development of female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of Emotional Intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been taken to collect the data for this research. The researcher collected the data of ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected parameters were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The analysis shows that statistically insignificant differences were found with respect to Managing rela...

International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2016

The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of Emotional Intelligence amo... more The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of Emotional Intelligence among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been adopted to collect the relevant data for this study. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For further analysis Post-Hoc Test (LSD Test) was applied. In all the analyses, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The result shows that statistically partially...

International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2017

International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2017

The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 ... more The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of female participants. Methodology: For the purpose of the study, Total sixty (N=60) female participants of Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (Punjab) between the age group of 21-29 years were selected. The sixty subjects (N=60), were further divided into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30) and Group-B: Control (n2= 30). Statistical analysis: Paired-sample student t-test was used to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results show that there is significant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of experimental group with respect to pranayama practices. Whereas, that there is insignificant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of control group with respect to pranayama practices of female participa...

The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 ... more The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of female participants. Methodology: For the purpose of the study, Total sixty (N=60) female participants of Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (Punjab) between the age group of 21-29 years were selected. The sixty subjects (N=60), were further divided into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30) and Group-B: Control (n2= 30). Statistical analysis: Paired-sample student t-test was used to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results show that there is significant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of experimental group with respect to pranayama practices. Whereas, that there is insignificant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of control group with respect to pranayama practices of female participa...

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and autogeni... more The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training on psychological parameters of young girls. For the purpose of the present study, sixty (N=60) female subjects between the age group of 22 to 25 years were selected as subjects from Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab (India). The subjects were further assigned into three groups: experimental (E; N = 60; (n1= 20; Progressive muscle relaxation training group) and (n2= 20; Autogenic training group) and (C; n3 = 20 Control group). Group E were subjected to 8-week of training. An Analysis of Covariance was used to determine significant differences for dependent variables within the three groups. When a significant difference among the groups was observed, a pair-wise comparison of the groups was done by using the Post-hoc test Least Significant Difference (LSD) to identify direction and significant differences between the groups. The l...

Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports

Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative no... more Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative nostril breathing and Rope Mallakhamb Training (RMT) on respiratory parameters among university females with athletic backgrounds. Material and Methods. A quasi experimental study was performed on thirty-six, university female students from the Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided in three groups. The groups were subjected to 4-weeks of intervention including: Group A (n1=12) subjected to AVP, Group B (n2=12) subjected to RMT, and Group C: (n3=12) no training or control. Respiratory parameters were measured twice, pre and post intervention using a wet spirometer. All measurements were performed three times and the average values were recorded for analysis. Results. 4-weeks of AVP resulted in positive increases for respiratory parameters measured including Tidal Volume (VT) 25.7%, Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term Bhastrika Pranayama breathing... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term Bhastrika Pranayama breathing technique and outcome of an intervention using the training programme to increase student’s health related fitness. For the purpose of present study Sixty (n=60), university level girls between the age group of 19-25 years were selected. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30); Group-B: Control (n2=30).The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks training of Bhastrika Pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in components of health-related fitness (i.e.% body fat, fat weight, lean body weight) of university level girls. Insignificant differences were noted in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility of un...

Physical education of students, 2021

Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effects of 6-weeks bhastrika pranaya... more Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effects of 6-weeks bhastrika pranayama intervention (BPI) program on health-related components of physical fitness. Material and Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design with fifty-two healthy girls (Mean ± SD; age, 23.6346±1.1551 yrs; body height, 158.0961±3.8616 cm; body weight, 55.6826±3.4002 kg) from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group-A: Bhastrika Pranayama Intervention (BPI); (n1=26) and Group-B: Control; (n2=26). The sample size (N=52) was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 software. A power of 0.80 (1-β err prob) and significance level (α) of 0.05. Subjects from both groups (pranayama and control) were assessed at baseline and right after 6-weeks. Group-A: (n1=26) subjected to BPI and Group-B: (n2=26) with no training. Results. As compared BPI with the control group, the BPI group had a positive effect on selected health-related components of ph...

The purpose of this study was to find out the Shyness in sports: a key towards success. The study... more The purpose of this study was to find out the Shyness in sports: a key towards success. The study has an aim to find out the difference of a Psychological variable i.e: Shyness between female baseball and softball players. The investigator had selected Thirty (N=30) female inter-college level baseball and softball players of 19 to 25 years of age as subjects. The result was pertaining to insignificant difference between baseball and softball players on the variable Shyness. To determine the statistically differences between baseball and softball players, unpaired t-test was employed for data analyses. To test the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05.

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Empathy... more The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Empathy, Self-motivation and Emotional stability among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been taken to collect the data for this research work. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected parameters were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The analysis shows that statistically insignificant differences were found with respect to Empa...

The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of a Psychological variable i... more The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of a Psychological variable i.e: Self-awareness among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been adopted to collect the relevant data for this study. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The outcome shows that statistically insignificant difference was found with regard to...

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Managin... more The purpose of the study was to find out the differences of Psychological parameters i.e. Managing relations, Integrity, Self-development of female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of Emotional Intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been taken to collect the data for this research. The researcher collected the data of ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected parameters were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the analysis, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The analysis shows that statistically insignificant differences were found with respect to Managing rela...

International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2016

The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of Emotional Intelligence amo... more The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference of Emotional Intelligence among female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players. The survey method through the technique of questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Hyde et al. 2001) had been adopted to collect the relevant data for this study. The researcher collected the data on ninety (N=90) Group-A: Baseball (n1=30), Group-B: Softball (n2=30)), Group-C: Cricket (n3=30) female Baseball, Softball and Cricket players as subjects between the age group of 18-28 years. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for all analysis. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For further analysis Post-Hoc Test (LSD Test) was applied. In all the analyses, the 5% critical level (p<0.05) was considered to indicate statistical significance. The result shows that statistically partially...

International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2017

International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2017

The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 ... more The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of female participants. Methodology: For the purpose of the study, Total sixty (N=60) female participants of Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (Punjab) between the age group of 21-29 years were selected. The sixty subjects (N=60), were further divided into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30) and Group-B: Control (n2= 30). Statistical analysis: Paired-sample student t-test was used to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results show that there is significant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of experimental group with respect to pranayama practices. Whereas, that there is insignificant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of control group with respect to pranayama practices of female participa...

The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 ... more The objective was to analyze the effect of 12-week pranayama practices on metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of female participants. Methodology: For the purpose of the study, Total sixty (N=60) female participants of Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (Punjab) between the age group of 21-29 years were selected. The sixty subjects (N=60), were further divided into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30) and Group-B: Control (n2= 30). Statistical analysis: Paired-sample student t-test was used to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results show that there is significant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of experimental group with respect to pranayama practices. Whereas, that there is insignificant difference between pre-test and post-test in metabolic fitness (VO2 max) of control group with respect to pranayama practices of female participa...

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and autogeni... more The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training on psychological parameters of young girls. For the purpose of the present study, sixty (N=60) female subjects between the age group of 22 to 25 years were selected as subjects from Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab (India). The subjects were further assigned into three groups: experimental (E; N = 60; (n1= 20; Progressive muscle relaxation training group) and (n2= 20; Autogenic training group) and (C; n3 = 20 Control group). Group E were subjected to 8-week of training. An Analysis of Covariance was used to determine significant differences for dependent variables within the three groups. When a significant difference among the groups was observed, a pair-wise comparison of the groups was done by using the Post-hoc test Least Significant Difference (LSD) to identify direction and significant differences between the groups. The l...

Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports

Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative no... more Background and Study Aim. To assess the effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (AVP) or alternative nostril breathing and Rope Mallakhamb Training (RMT) on respiratory parameters among university females with athletic backgrounds. Material and Methods. A quasi experimental study was performed on thirty-six, university female students from the Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided in three groups. The groups were subjected to 4-weeks of intervention including: Group A (n1=12) subjected to AVP, Group B (n2=12) subjected to RMT, and Group C: (n3=12) no training or control. Respiratory parameters were measured twice, pre and post intervention using a wet spirometer. All measurements were performed three times and the average values were recorded for analysis. Results. 4-weeks of AVP resulted in positive increases for respiratory parameters measured including Tidal Volume (VT) 25.7%, Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term Bhastrika Pranayama breathing... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term Bhastrika Pranayama breathing technique and outcome of an intervention using the training programme to increase student’s health related fitness. For the purpose of present study Sixty (n=60), university level girls between the age group of 19-25 years were selected. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=30); Group-B: Control (n2=30).The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks training of Bhastrika Pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in components of health-related fitness (i.e.% body fat, fat weight, lean body weight) of university level girls. Insignificant differences were noted in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility of un...

Physical education of students, 2021

Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effects of 6-weeks bhastrika pranaya... more Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effects of 6-weeks bhastrika pranayama intervention (BPI) program on health-related components of physical fitness. Material and Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design with fifty-two healthy girls (Mean ± SD; age, 23.6346±1.1551 yrs; body height, 158.0961±3.8616 cm; body weight, 55.6826±3.4002 kg) from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group-A: Bhastrika Pranayama Intervention (BPI); (n1=26) and Group-B: Control; (n2=26). The sample size (N=52) was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 software. A power of 0.80 (1-β err prob) and significance level (α) of 0.05. Subjects from both groups (pranayama and control) were assessed at baseline and right after 6-weeks. Group-A: (n1=26) subjected to BPI and Group-B: (n2=26) with no training. Results. As compared BPI with the control group, the BPI group had a positive effect on selected health-related components of ph...