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Books by Patricia Barlow-Irick

This book is intended to help get all kinds of animal trainers speaking the same language by gent... more This book is intended to help get all kinds of animal trainers speaking the same language by gently introducing the language of behavior science.

Papers by Patricia Barlow-Irick

The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat ... more The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat stable flight distances which are open to be modified by training. There is no apparent age limit to modification of the flight response. We found no evidence that age or gender was a major factor, but rather training and especially the type of training were the identifi-able factors responsible for variation in the flight distance measure. Although training modifies flight distance it does not seem to do it immediately. We saw some suggestion that stress associated with moving may temporarily affect FD, but this was confounded with other changes and activities of adoptions. We saw that changes in the composition of subjects strongly impacts the distribution of FD scores observed in the herd. The unbalanced aspect of using an intact "herd" was found to confound almost all of our attributes thus creating problems for statistical interpretations. Error variation and statistical r...

An environmental assessment was necessary to investigate the potential impact of the Improved Und... more An environmental assessment was necessary to investigate the potential impact of the Improved Underground Ammunition Storage Program on the environment. The existing test site environment was reviewed, alternatives to the proposed action were considered, and environmental consequences of the proposed action were analyzed. Environmental consequences included effects of construction activities, excavations, and test explosion phenomena on human health and safety, structures, biota, geology, air and water quality, local ecology, socioeconomic factors, and cultural and historical resources. A Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) was submitted. Environmental assessment, Explosion effects, Underground ammunition storage

The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat ... more The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat stable flight distances
which are open to be modified by training. There is no apparent age limit to modification of the flight response. We found
no evidence that age or gender was a major factor, but rather training and especially the type of training were the identifiable
factors responsible for variation in the flight distance measure. Although training modifies flight distance it does not
seem to do it immediately. We saw some suggestion that stress associated with moving may temporarily affect FD, but
this was confounded with other changes and activities of adoptions. We saw that changes in the composition of subjects
strongly impacts the distribution of FD scores observed in the herd. The unbalanced aspect of using an intact “herd” was
found to confound almost all of our attributes thus creating problems for statistical interpretations. Error variation and statistical regression created by extreme scores overwhelmed our ability to detect true flight distance changes in the withinsubject Matched Pairs analysis. This suggests that true daily progress towards lower FD happens in smaller increments
than error variation.

BIOSYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CIRSIUM ARIZONICUM COMPLEX OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

The Asteraceae contains a diversity of achene types including everything from the dandelion float... more The Asteraceae contains a diversity of achene types including everything from the dandelion floating on the wind, the plump sunflower seed, to the spiny beggar's tick.

BIOSYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CIRSIUM ARIZONICUM COMPLEX OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

In order to resolve taxonomic ambiguity in the Cirsium arizonicum species complex, replicate coll... more In order to resolve taxonomic ambiguity in the Cirsium arizonicum species complex, replicate collections from 58 locations across the southwestern United States were used to examine patterns of character variation within plants, within populations and between
populations. The hypothesis of their red-flowered some-what pendant morphology being indicative of hummingbird pollination was examined in a field study.
By comparing measures of within- to between-group variance, 34 morphometric distance characters from florets, stems and basal leaves were evaluated for taxonomic utility. Several approaches to achene shape, including outline descriptors, were compared with traditional distance measurements. Discrete characters were shown to have little reliability of taxonomic identity. Questions were raised about the interpretation of pollen viability as a measure of male sterility. The utility of bivariate ratios was shown to be context dependent. A limited test of the effects of scaling by geometric mean showed it to be of value in multivariate ordinations. Seasonal variation was found to affect several characters and their allometric relationships. For many of the characters in this study, this is the first record of their quantitative usage in thistle taxonomy.
Hummingbirds were observed the most ubiquitous visitors to the C. arizonicum complex, although many arthropods also visit these thistles. Hummingbirds and bees appeared as the most likely candidates to actually move pollen between plants. The pollination system was found to be affected by climate conditions, visitor population dynamics, and standing floral crop size, both within the thistle patch and in the sympatric flowers competing for pollinator attention.
Fifteen morphological units were identified within the Cirsium arizonicum complex. The recognition of C. turneri, C. clokeyi, C. calcareum, C. arizonicum, C. pulchellum, and C. chellyense are supported by quantitative morphological differences. Recognition of C. rothrockii was not supported. Subunits of C. arizonicum, C. calcareum, and C. puchellum were delineated. Two new taxa, C. surrepticum and C. aleatorium, were proposed.

These contributed papers review the current status of plant conservation in the southwestern U.S.

&amp;quot;In order to resolve taxonomic ambiguity in the Cirsium arizonicum species compl... more &amp;quot;In order to resolve taxonomic ambiguity in the Cirsium arizonicum species complex, replicate collections from 58 locations across the southwestern United States were used to examine patterns of character variation within plants, within populations and between populations. The hypothesis of their red-flowered some-what pendant morphology being indicative of hummingbird pollination was examined in a field study. By comparing measures of within- to between-group variance, 34 morphometric distance characters from florets, stems and basal leaves were evaluated for taxonomic utility. Several approaches to achene shape, including outline descriptors, were compared with traditional distance measurements. Discrete characters were shown to have little reliability of taxonomic identity. Questions were raised about the interpretation of pollen viability as a measure of male sterility. The utility of bivariate ratios was shown to be context dependent. A limited test of the effects of scaling by geometric mean showed it to be of value in multivariate ordinations. Seasonal variation was found to affect several characters and their allometric relationships. For many of the characters in this study, this is the first record of their quantitative usage in thistle taxonomy. Hummingbirds were observed the most ubiquitous visitors to the C. arizonicum complex, although many arthropods also visit these thistles. Hummingbirds and bees appeared as the most likely candidates to actually move pollen between plants. The pollination system was found to be affected by climate conditions, visitor population dynamics, and standing floral crop size, both within the thistle patch and in the sympatric flowers competing for pollinator attention. Fifteen morphological units were identified within the Cirsium arizonicum complex. The recognition of C. turneri, C. clokeyi, C. calcareum, C. arizonicum, C. pulchellum, and C. chellyense are supported by quantitative morphological differences. Recognition of C. rothrockii was not supported. Subunits of C. arizonicum, C. calcareum, and C. puchellum were delineated. Two new taxa, C. surrepticum and C. aleatorium, were proposed.&amp;quot;

Conference Presentations by Patricia Barlow-Irick

The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat ... more The important preliminary results of this exploratory analysis suggest that horses have somewhat stable flight distances
which are open to be modified by training. There is no apparent age limit to modification of the flight response. We found
no evidence that age or gender was a major factor, but rather training and especially the type of training were the identifiable
factors responsible for variation in the flight distance measure. Although training modifies flight distance it does not
seem to do it immediately. We saw some suggestion that stress associated with moving may temporarily affect FD, but
this was confounded with other changes and activities of adoptions. We saw that changes in the composition of subjects
strongly impacts the distribution of FD scores observed in the herd. The unbalanced aspect of using an intact “herd” was
found to confound almost all of our attributes thus creating problems for statistical interpretations. Error variation and statistical regression created by extreme scores overwhelmed our ability to detect true flight distance changes in the withinsubject Matched Pairs analysis. This suggests that true daily progress towards lower FD happens in smaller increments
than error variation.

BIOSYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CIRSIUM ARIZONICUM COMPLEX OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES

These contributed papers review the current status of plant conservation in the southwestern U.S.