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Papers by Paul Cartledge

by Keith Sutherland, Josine Blok, Irad Malkin, Daniela Cammack, Paul Cartledge, Ruth Chang, Barbara Goodwin, Nadia Urbinati, Helene Landemore, Laurence Morel, David Owen, Joanna Podgórska-Rykała, Ben Saunders, Graham Smith, Paolo Spada, and Peter Stone

Journal of Sortition, 2025

Since ancient times sortition (random selection by lot) has been used both to distribute politica... more Since ancient times sortition (random selection by lot) has been used both to distribute political office and as a general prophylactic against factionalism and corruption in societies as diverse as classical-era Athens and the Most Serene Republic of Venice. Lotteries have also been employed for the allocation of scarce goods such as social housing and school places to eliminate bias and ensure just distribution, along with drawing lots in circumstances where unpopular tasks or tragic choices are involved (as some situations are beyond rational human decision-making). More recently, developments in public opinion polling using random sampling have led to the proliferation of citizens’ assemblies selected by lot. Some activists have even proposed such bodies as an alternative to elected representatives. The Journal of Sortition benefits from an editorial board with a wide range of expertise and perspectives in this area. In this introduction to the first issue, we have invited our editors (including James Fishkin, Graham Smith, Yves Sintomer, Helene Landemore, Josiah Ober, Paul Cartledge and others) to explain why they are interested in sortition, and to outline the benefits (and pitfalls) of the recent explosion of interest in the topic.

Sparta

I. The Mirage/Myth George Grote in the mid-19th century was not the first, nor the last, to marve... more I. The Mirage/Myth George Grote in the mid-19th century was not the first, nor the last, to marvel at what he called 'the astonishing ascendancy which the Spartans acquired over the Hellenic mind'. In our own century Francois Ollier coined the useful phrase 'le mirage spartiate' to describe that ascendancy's most striking effect. By 'mirage' he meant the series of more or less distorted, more or less invented images whereby Sparta has been reflected and refracted in the extant literature by non-Spartans, beginning in the late 5th century with Kritias of Athens, pupil of Socrates, relative of Plato, and leading light (or Prince of Darkness) of the 30 Tyrants (of whom more anon). For historians of 'how it actually was' in Sparta and Spartan society, this 'astonishing ascendancy' creates a major historiographical problem. Since practically all our detailed evidence for what they were really like comes from within the mirage, how can we be sure that any one alleged detail, let alone the totality, is not just a figment of the writer's imaginative projection? Actually, the problem's worse even than that. The mirage in its written form began to take shape at just the same time as-and in part precisely because of-a mega crisis that was coming to a head in Spartan polity and society: to put it very simply, and paradoxically, Sparta's prolonged involvement and eventual victory in the Peloponnesian War during the last third of the fifth century brought about or at any rate hastened the downfall of the model military state.

Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice

Meaning in context: how to write a history of Greek political thought What experience and history... more Meaning in context: how to write a history of Greek political thought What experience and history teach is this-that people and governments never have learned anything from history, or acted on the principles deduced from it.

Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2016

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Authors CMU and ACA were respons... more This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Authors CMU and ACA were responsible for study conceptualization and sourcing of relevant literature. Author CMU wrote the first draft of the manuscript and author ACA carefully evaluated it. Author ACA sourced the data, performed the analysis and interpreted the results. Authors CMU and ACA read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2015

Greece Old and New, 1983

Despite the well-known adage, the Greeks did not always have a word for it. ‘Archaeology’ has of ... more Despite the well-known adage, the Greeks did not always have a word for it. ‘Archaeology’ has of course an ancient Greek etymology. But when the word was invented in the fifth century B.C., it did not mean what we would understand by archaeology but something like ‘antiquarian lore’.1 This is not to say that the ancient Greeks were not interested in matters archaeological. Far from it. For example, in about 470 B.C. the Athenian general Cimon, son of Miltiades of Marathon fame, dug up the alleged bones of the mythical hero Theseus on the island of Skyros and had them re-buried in Athens — an early instance of politically motivated excavation.2 And about seventy years later Thucydides, the great Athenian historian of the Peloponnesian War (431–04 B.C.), provides the earliest recorded ‘excavation report’ (1.8.1.): ‘during the war the Athenians purified Delos, removing the tombs of all those buried on the island. Over half of these turned out to be Carians [non-Greeks], recognizable both by the range of weapons interred with them and by the manner of burial — still followed in Caria’.

American Journal of Archaeology, 2007

Religion in the ancient Greek city, 1992

The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2012

The International History Review, 1996

... io8 PA Cartledge ... in dieir own way in die general transference of commemorative and commun... more ... io8 PA Cartledge ... in dieir own way in die general transference of commemorative and communicative energy away from burials and into first tomb-and dien hero-cult (on die modulations of heroic as compared/opposed to divine cult in sanctuary context, see Emily Kearns ...

The Classical Review, 1989

Writing textbooks is not perhaps the sexiest method of doing ancient history, so it is always mil... more Writing textbooks is not perhaps the sexiest method of doing ancient history, so it is always mildly astonishing to find that they are still being written and published. Yet more disconcertingly, the author of the one under review is not even a full-time practising ancient historian, but a journalist and professional writer. But most remarkable of all, surely, is that here we have a book that actually matches the claims made for it by its publisher (Routledge, but ne Croom Helm). For, as the publicity flysheet boldly announces, this really i s ' a major step forward in the teaching of Greek history'; and for once the four leading ancient Greek historians whose prepublication endorsements are also emblazoned thereon in good Madison Avenue style have no cause for lamenting that their names and threeto eleven-liner minijudgments have been unscrupulously manipulated for nefarious commercial ends. The key word in the title is 'constructing'. With the eye of the true pedagogue (he has taught ancient history at Working Men's Colleges as well as in more conventional higher-educational environments) Anton Powell sees the study of fifth-century B.C. Greece as a reflexive and open-ended process of mutual engagement between himself and his prospective readership of raw recruits (whether sixth-formers or undergraduates). The choice of 'constructing', moreover, rather than 'reconstructing', also fruitfully suggests that we too, and not only the Athenians and Spartans, can 'make' history. The title's second most important signifier is 'social'. In other periods and areas of historiography it is no longer necessary to apologise for treating the history of society on a par with the more traditional histories of politics, diplomacy, warfare, and so forth. There are even series with titles like 'The Pelican Social History of Britain', which seem to be claiming not merely parity but autonomy for their approach. But that, arguably, is an illusion, to which P. does not fall prey. Political history of the Athenian Empire and Peloponnesian War chronologically ordered, but broadly conceived so as to include political culture besides mere evenements still provides the backbone of his account. On the other hand, the history of such essentially 'social' phenomena as women and the family, education and religion (P.'s special expertise) is not subordinated to 'real ' (political) history in the classic textbook manner but granted three of the book's nine chapters, two of which form the climax of the work as a whole.

The Classical Review, 2002

The Classical Review, 1991

LCIIIA/B, excavations in the Vasilikos valley), and the lack of published discussion means that p... more LCIIIA/B, excavations in the Vasilikos valley), and the lack of published discussion means that points of difference or concurrence between authors (as on sacral kingship or cemeteries of LCIIIB) are not always obvious, though some help is provided by the index. I have not considered the poster summaries which sometimes make valid points, but are really too brief and, being completely void of illustrations, are of limited value in published form. Although some authors rather repeat subjects they themselves have dealt with before, this quick survey of the contents of this volume shows, I hope, that there are a number of fascinating papers originally presented at an important and lively conference.

The Classical Review, 1992

as it is by the development of quietism as a reaction to the potentially dangerous qualities whic... more as it is by the development of quietism as a reaction to the potentially dangerous qualities which the democracy in Athens nurtured, and thus where quietism on the one hand was equated to apathy and on the other it could harbour reactionary tendencies. Quietism questioned democratic values and the members of the aristocracy along with the conservative farmer were seen to stand in contrast to the democrat. Thus the second part of the book contains two major themes. First it studies the development of quietism in democracy; and secondly, it analyses the impact of quietism on the literature of the Classical period with chapters detailing its influences in drama, the historical works of Herodotus and Thucydides, and rhetoric. The conclusions reached in this section of the study, in which the author sees in the ancient documentary evidence the demand for a new kind of' quiet' involvement in political life, set the scene for the third section of the study. This part analyses the theoretical studies of quietism and leisure to be found in the philosophical works of the fourth century B.C. and the concept of non-involvement to be found in the orators. Rather than being the object of scorn and the refuge of the idle, here leisure time is praised for the opportunity which it provides for the individual to indulge in higher contemplative pursuits, such as political activity and philosophy. The nature of the evidence for quietism, and especially the fact that it comes overwhelmingly from the reaction to democracy at Athens, makes the general conclusion that Archaic and Classical literature praises quietism for its political aims in attempting to ensure the safety of the state, almost inevitable. The study originated as a doctorial thesis and the present book still contains many of the marks of a thesis. At times the style of French itself, whilst not difficult to read, is technical, and possibly for the non-specialist, laborious. It is also possible that in his enthusiasm for the subject the author gives greater importance to the subject, especially in the Archaic period, than the evidence allows. Nevertheless, the book highlights an aspect of Greek values which is often little considered in popular literature, and which by its very nature is difficult to study. As it stands, however, the book is really for the specialist.

The American Historical Review, 1991

Please note that it is always advisable to telephone the library before making a journey to colle... more Please note that it is always advisable to telephone the library before making a journey to collect an item showing as available on the catalogue.

The American Historical Review, 1981

... to me pointing out errors or other deficiencies; they include: Michel Austin, Ephraim David, ... more ... to me pointing out errors or other deficiencies; they include: Michel Austin, Ephraim David, David Harvey, Stephen Hodkinson, Pavel Oliva, Richard Talbert, and Helen Waterhouse ... The northern section to Goritsa expands southwards from about six to fifteen kilometres in breadth ...

Ancient Greece was a place of tremendous political experiment and innovation, and it was here too... more Ancient Greece was a place of tremendous political experiment and innovation, and it was here too that the first serious political thinkers emerged. Using carefully selected case-studies, in this book Professor Cartledge investigates the dynamic interaction between ancient Greek political thought and practice from early historic times to the early Roman Empire. Of concern throughout are three major issues: first, the relationship of political thought and practice; second, the relevance of class and status to explaining political behaviour and thinking; third, democracy - its invention, development and expansion, and extinction, prior to its recent resuscitation and even apotheosis. In addition, monarchy in various forms and at different periods and the peculiar political structures of Sparta are treated in detail over a chronological range extending from Homer to Plutarch. The book provides an introduction to the topic for all students and non-specialists who appreciate the continue...