Pedro Castrellon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pedro Castrellon
Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing AB21 Probiotic in Covid19 Outpatients
ABSTRACTBackgroundProbiotics have been proposed as adjuvants for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid1... more ABSTRACTBackgroundProbiotics have been proposed as adjuvants for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) but randomized controlled trials (RCT) are lacking.MethodsSingle-center, quadruple-blinded RCT. Symptomatic Covid 19 outpatients (aged 18 to 60 years) with positive SARS-CoV2 nucleic acids test were randomized to active (n=150; ≥2×109 colony-forming units (CFU) of probiotic strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023 and KAPB033, plus strain Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021) or placebo (n=150), take orally once daily for 30 days. Oral acetaminophen was allowed and controlled as co-intervention. Primary endpoint included: i) proportion of patients in complete remission (both symptoms and nucleic acids test) or progressing to moderate or severe disease with hospitalization; ii) death rate and duration on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Safety was assessed in all patients. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04517422).Findings300 subjects were randomized (median age ...
Medicine, 2020
Abstract Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have import... more Abstract Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have important impacts on health later in life, they can contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, whose highest prevalence rate is found among the Mexican child population. Coincidentally, Mexico has one of the highest global average annual rate increase in cesarean births (C-section). Since Mexico leads the world in childhood obesity, studying the relationship between childbirth delivery methods and gut microbiota profiles in this vulnerable population may be used to identify early risk factors for obesity in other developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the association between child delivery method and gut microbiota profiles in healthy Mexican newborns. Fecal samples of 57 term infants who participated in a randomized clinical trial in 2013 to study the safety of Agave fructans in newborns, were used in this study. DNA samples were extracted and used to characterize the microbiota composition using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The samples were further divided based on childbirth delivery method, as well as early diet. Gut microbiota profiles were determined and analyzed using cluster analysis followed by multiple correspondence analysis. An unusual high abundance of Proteobacteria was found in the gut microbiota of all Mexican infants studied, regardless of delivery method. Feces from infants born by C-section had low levels of Bacteroidetes, high levels of Firmicutes, especially Clostridium and Enterococcus, and a strikingly high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:B). Profiles enriched in Bacteroidetes and low F:B ratios, were strongly associated with vaginal delivery. The profile of gut microbiota associated with feces from Mexican infants born by C-section, may be added to the list of boosting factors for the worrying obesity epidemic in Mexico.
Background. Increasing evidence demonstrate that concentration of protein in infant formula >1... more Background. Increasing evidence demonstrate that concentration of protein in infant formula >1.9g/100Kcal with high levels of insulinogenic aminoacids is associated with accelerated weight gain, increased fat mass accumulation and risk of adiposity. Purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the metabolic effects in infants feed with infant formula optimized in protein. Methods. Systematic review was conducted according PRISMA Statement. RCTs with one intervention group (infant formula with 1.6-1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) and at least one comparative control group (infant formula with >1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD), through random model were calculated. Results. 15 RCT were included. Optimized protein in infant formula was associated with less gain of BMI at 24 months of follow-up (SMD -0.25, IC95% -0.36 to -0.13, p 0.01) and less fat mass accumulation (SMD -0.68, IC95% -0.98 to -0.37, p 0.01). Optimized p...
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex, May 1, 1994
Acta Pediatrica De Mexico, 2005
Acta Pediatrica De Mexico, 2002
![Research paper thumbnail of [Efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin treatment in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84931815/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Gaceta médica de México
A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RGT) on the efficacy and ... more A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RGT) on the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute or complicated urinary tract infections in adults. Primary outcomes were bacteriological eradication, clinical cure, bacterial resistance, and adverse event rates. Initially, 111 RGTs were identified. We excluded 81 studies due to low quality methodology. An analysis of the remaining RGTs identified therapeutic equivalence of ciprofloxacin against other antimicrobials in terms of bacterial eradication and clinical cure at the end of treatment and in subsequent stages. The percentage of bacterial resistance was similar in both groups, while the percentage of related adverse events was significantly lower in the groups treated with ciprofloxacin. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of acute or complicated urinary tract infections in adults.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Efficacy of racecadotril vs. smectite, probiotics or zinc as an integral part of treatment of acute diarrhea in children under five years: A meta-analysis of multiple treatments]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84931795/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Gaceta médica de México
Despite major advances in treatment, acute diarrhea continues to be a public health problem in ch... more Despite major advances in treatment, acute diarrhea continues to be a public health problem in children under five years. There is no systematic approach to treatment and most evidence is assembled comparing active treatment vs. placebo. Systematic review of evidence on efficacy of adjuvants for treatment of acute diarrhea through a network meta-analysis. A systematic search of multiple databases searching clinical trials related to the use of racecadotril, smectite, Lactobacillus GG, Lactobacillus reuteri, Saccharomyces boulardii and zinc as adjuvants in acute diarrhea was done. The primary endpoint was duration of diarrhea. Information is displayed through network meta-analysis.The superiority of each coadjutant was analyzed by Sucra approach. Network meta-analysis showed race cadotril was better when compared with placebo and other adjuvants. Sucra analysis showed racecadotril as the first option followed by smectite and Lactobacillus reuteri. Considering a strategic decision mak...
Perinatología y reproducción humana / INPer
![Research paper thumbnail of [Clinical trial on the effect of buphenine, aminophenazone and diphenylpyraline hydrochloride in treating the common cold in children of 6 to 24 months of age]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84935887/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Acute respiratory infections are the second leading cause of morbidity in children under 18 years... more Acute respiratory infections are the second leading cause of morbidity in children under 18 years. Several drugs have been used with variable efficacy and safety, trying to reduce the associated symptoms and improve quality of life. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of buphenine, aminophenazone and diphenylpyraline hydrochloride when compared with placebo for the control of symptoms associated with common cold in children 6-24 months of age. Randomized clinical trial, double blind, placebo controlled, in 100 children < 24 months of any gender, with symptoms associated to common cold. They received the drug under study vs. placebo for seven days. Both groups received acetaminophen. The change on common cold related symptoms were evaluated. Statistic analysis was made with STATA 11.0 for Mac. Fifty-three children were randomized to study drug and forty-seven to placebo. Age of children in each group was similar (12.2 +/- 5.8 months vs. 12.7 +/- 5.8 months, p NS). There were signi...
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)
To compare astemizole with other first or second generation antihistaminics in the treatment of a... more To compare astemizole with other first or second generation antihistaminics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis or urticaria. Systematic revision of clinical, controlled and randomized tests. 36 controlled, randomized, clinical, double or simple blind tests were made in 6,446 patients; 4,513 of them were assigned to astemizole and 1,933 to other first or second generation antihistaminics. Analyzed outcomes: Rate of global success; global scoring improvement of rhinitis; ocular, nasal or pharingeal pruritus; watering; nasal obstruction; sneeze; urticaria; cutaneous response to histamine; time to get a satisfactory improvent; frequency of sedation and headache. In connection to global success there were significant differences in favor of astemizole (OR 6.72, CI95% 5.36 to 8.41, p 0.0001); alike global scoring improvement of rhinitis (SMD -0.82, CI95% -1.70 to 0.06, p 0.04); rhinorrhea (SMD of -0.70, CI95% -1.47 to -0.03, p 0.02); nasal, pharingeal or ocular pruritus (SMD -0.64, CI9...
![Research paper thumbnail of [Neonatal sepsis morbidity and mortality in a tertiary care hospital]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84931837/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Salud pública de México
To compare the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological profiles between patients with neona... more To compare the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological profiles between patients with neonatal sepsis who lived or died. The medical records of patients with neonatal sepsis were retrospectively reviewed at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (National Pediatric Institute) of Secretaría de Salud (Ministry of Health) in Mexico City, between 1992 and 2000. Neonatal sepsis cases were classified as surviving or not after 90 days of postnatal follow-up. The survivor and decreased groups were compared using Mann-Whitney's U test for continuous variables, and the chi-squared test or the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Significantly associated variables were included in a Cox proportional hazards model. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. A total of 116 patients with neonatal sepsis were included (65 live and 51 dead). Multivariate analysis showed that fetal distress, respiratory distress, a delayed capillary fill up, a low...
Archives of medical research, 1996
This study was undertaken in order to evaluate for the first time the usefulness of PRISM score t... more This study was undertaken in order to evaluate for the first time the usefulness of PRISM score to predict outcome in pediatric patients in the Intensive Care Area of the Emergency Department at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in Mexico City. A prolective evaluation of PRISM score was done using 100 consecutive pediatric patients admitted to INP-ED between July and November 1992 and considered critically ill by the attending pediatricians to calculate by a lineal logistic model the expected mortality and compare with the observed one. Using a cut-off of r = 0, we evaluated at the same time the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of this score. Fifty-eight patients were male and 42 were female. The mean age was 51 months with a range of 3 days -192 months. PRISM score for survivors was in general 8.7 +/- 7.2 and 25.8 +/- 14 for nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). Based on the logistic regression coefficients defined by Pollack et al., our sample of 100 patients was estimated to expe...
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
To determine the levels of plasma fibronectin (FBN) in pediatric patients and to correlate them w... more To determine the levels of plasma fibronectin (FBN) in pediatric patients and to correlate them with serum albumin (ALB). The FBN was measured by nephelometry and ALB by enzymatic analysis in samples from 95 healthy Mexican pediatric patients seen in the ambulatory surgery department. The levels of FBN was similar in boy and girls (mean +/- SD) 273 +/- 90 and 268 +/- 106 micrograms/mL respectively. FBN was significantly lower in children less than 6 months old. We found seven patients with ALB < 3.0 g/dL who had significantly lower values of FBN than the normoalbuminemic patients. The correlation of FBN and ALB was low (r = 0.23). FBN in pediatric patients is significatively lower than in adults. The lowest concentrations were seen in children less than 6 months old. These lower FBN may be an additional factor for immunodeficiency in this group at risk.
Tuberculosis Research and Treatment, 2011
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of drug resistance and the clonality of geno... more The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of drug resistance and the clonality of genotype patterns inM. tuberculosisclinical isolates from pediatric patients in Mexico (n=90patients from 19 states; time period—January 2002 to December 2003). Pulmonary disease was the most frequent clinical manifestation (71%). Children with systemic tuberculosis (TB) were significantly younger compared to patients with localized TB infections (mean7.7±6.2years versus15±3.4yearsP=0.001). Resistance to any anti-TB drug was detected in 24/90 (26.7%) of the isolates; 21/90 (23.3%) and 10/90 (11.1%) were resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin, respectively, and 10/90 (11.1%) strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spoligotyping produced a total of 55 different patterns; 12/55 corresponded to clustered isolates (n=47, clustering rate of 52.2%), and 43/55 to unclustered isolates (19 patterns were designated as orphan by the SITVIT2 database). Database comparison led to designation of 36 shared t...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014
ABSTRACTGiardiasis is highly prevalent in the developing world, and treatment failures with the s... more ABSTRACTGiardiasis is highly prevalent in the developing world, and treatment failures with the standard drugs are common. This work deals with the proposal of omeprazole as a novel antigiardial drug, focusing on a giardial glycolytic enzyme used to follow the cytotoxic effect at the molecular level. We used recombinant technology and enzyme inactivation to demonstrate the capacity of omeprazole to inactivate giardial triosephosphate isomerase, with no adverse effects on its human counterpart. To establish the specific target in the enzyme, we used single mutants of every cysteine residue in triosephosphate isomerase. The effect on cellular triosephosphate isomerase was evaluated by following the remnant enzyme activity on trophozoites treated with omeprazole. The interaction of omeprazole with giardial proteins was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The susceptibility to omeprazole of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains ofGiardia lambliawas evaluated to demonstrate its ...
Salud Pública de México, 2004
Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing AB21 Probiotic in Covid19 Outpatients
ABSTRACTBackgroundProbiotics have been proposed as adjuvants for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid1... more ABSTRACTBackgroundProbiotics have been proposed as adjuvants for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) but randomized controlled trials (RCT) are lacking.MethodsSingle-center, quadruple-blinded RCT. Symptomatic Covid 19 outpatients (aged 18 to 60 years) with positive SARS-CoV2 nucleic acids test were randomized to active (n=150; ≥2×109 colony-forming units (CFU) of probiotic strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023 and KAPB033, plus strain Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021) or placebo (n=150), take orally once daily for 30 days. Oral acetaminophen was allowed and controlled as co-intervention. Primary endpoint included: i) proportion of patients in complete remission (both symptoms and nucleic acids test) or progressing to moderate or severe disease with hospitalization; ii) death rate and duration on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Safety was assessed in all patients. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04517422).Findings300 subjects were randomized (median age ...
Medicine, 2020
Abstract Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have import... more Abstract Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have important impacts on health later in life, they can contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, whose highest prevalence rate is found among the Mexican child population. Coincidentally, Mexico has one of the highest global average annual rate increase in cesarean births (C-section). Since Mexico leads the world in childhood obesity, studying the relationship between childbirth delivery methods and gut microbiota profiles in this vulnerable population may be used to identify early risk factors for obesity in other developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the association between child delivery method and gut microbiota profiles in healthy Mexican newborns. Fecal samples of 57 term infants who participated in a randomized clinical trial in 2013 to study the safety of Agave fructans in newborns, were used in this study. DNA samples were extracted and used to characterize the microbiota composition using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The samples were further divided based on childbirth delivery method, as well as early diet. Gut microbiota profiles were determined and analyzed using cluster analysis followed by multiple correspondence analysis. An unusual high abundance of Proteobacteria was found in the gut microbiota of all Mexican infants studied, regardless of delivery method. Feces from infants born by C-section had low levels of Bacteroidetes, high levels of Firmicutes, especially Clostridium and Enterococcus, and a strikingly high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:B). Profiles enriched in Bacteroidetes and low F:B ratios, were strongly associated with vaginal delivery. The profile of gut microbiota associated with feces from Mexican infants born by C-section, may be added to the list of boosting factors for the worrying obesity epidemic in Mexico.
Background. Increasing evidence demonstrate that concentration of protein in infant formula >1... more Background. Increasing evidence demonstrate that concentration of protein in infant formula >1.9g/100Kcal with high levels of insulinogenic aminoacids is associated with accelerated weight gain, increased fat mass accumulation and risk of adiposity. Purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the metabolic effects in infants feed with infant formula optimized in protein. Methods. Systematic review was conducted according PRISMA Statement. RCTs with one intervention group (infant formula with 1.6-1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) and at least one comparative control group (infant formula with >1.9gr of protein/100Kcal) were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD), through random model were calculated. Results. 15 RCT were included. Optimized protein in infant formula was associated with less gain of BMI at 24 months of follow-up (SMD -0.25, IC95% -0.36 to -0.13, p 0.01) and less fat mass accumulation (SMD -0.68, IC95% -0.98 to -0.37, p 0.01). Optimized p...
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex, May 1, 1994
Acta Pediatrica De Mexico, 2005
Acta Pediatrica De Mexico, 2002
Gaceta médica de México
A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RGT) on the efficacy and ... more A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RGT) on the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute or complicated urinary tract infections in adults. Primary outcomes were bacteriological eradication, clinical cure, bacterial resistance, and adverse event rates. Initially, 111 RGTs were identified. We excluded 81 studies due to low quality methodology. An analysis of the remaining RGTs identified therapeutic equivalence of ciprofloxacin against other antimicrobials in terms of bacterial eradication and clinical cure at the end of treatment and in subsequent stages. The percentage of bacterial resistance was similar in both groups, while the percentage of related adverse events was significantly lower in the groups treated with ciprofloxacin. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of acute or complicated urinary tract infections in adults.
Gaceta médica de México
Despite major advances in treatment, acute diarrhea continues to be a public health problem in ch... more Despite major advances in treatment, acute diarrhea continues to be a public health problem in children under five years. There is no systematic approach to treatment and most evidence is assembled comparing active treatment vs. placebo. Systematic review of evidence on efficacy of adjuvants for treatment of acute diarrhea through a network meta-analysis. A systematic search of multiple databases searching clinical trials related to the use of racecadotril, smectite, Lactobacillus GG, Lactobacillus reuteri, Saccharomyces boulardii and zinc as adjuvants in acute diarrhea was done. The primary endpoint was duration of diarrhea. Information is displayed through network meta-analysis.The superiority of each coadjutant was analyzed by Sucra approach. Network meta-analysis showed race cadotril was better when compared with placebo and other adjuvants. Sucra analysis showed racecadotril as the first option followed by smectite and Lactobacillus reuteri. Considering a strategic decision mak...
Perinatología y reproducción humana / INPer
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Acute respiratory infections are the second leading cause of morbidity in children under 18 years... more Acute respiratory infections are the second leading cause of morbidity in children under 18 years. Several drugs have been used with variable efficacy and safety, trying to reduce the associated symptoms and improve quality of life. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of buphenine, aminophenazone and diphenylpyraline hydrochloride when compared with placebo for the control of symptoms associated with common cold in children 6-24 months of age. Randomized clinical trial, double blind, placebo controlled, in 100 children < 24 months of any gender, with symptoms associated to common cold. They received the drug under study vs. placebo for seven days. Both groups received acetaminophen. The change on common cold related symptoms were evaluated. Statistic analysis was made with STATA 11.0 for Mac. Fifty-three children were randomized to study drug and forty-seven to placebo. Age of children in each group was similar (12.2 +/- 5.8 months vs. 12.7 +/- 5.8 months, p NS). There were signi...
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)
To compare astemizole with other first or second generation antihistaminics in the treatment of a... more To compare astemizole with other first or second generation antihistaminics in the treatment of allergic rhinitis or urticaria. Systematic revision of clinical, controlled and randomized tests. 36 controlled, randomized, clinical, double or simple blind tests were made in 6,446 patients; 4,513 of them were assigned to astemizole and 1,933 to other first or second generation antihistaminics. Analyzed outcomes: Rate of global success; global scoring improvement of rhinitis; ocular, nasal or pharingeal pruritus; watering; nasal obstruction; sneeze; urticaria; cutaneous response to histamine; time to get a satisfactory improvent; frequency of sedation and headache. In connection to global success there were significant differences in favor of astemizole (OR 6.72, CI95% 5.36 to 8.41, p 0.0001); alike global scoring improvement of rhinitis (SMD -0.82, CI95% -1.70 to 0.06, p 0.04); rhinorrhea (SMD of -0.70, CI95% -1.47 to -0.03, p 0.02); nasal, pharingeal or ocular pruritus (SMD -0.64, CI9...
Salud pública de México
To compare the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological profiles between patients with neona... more To compare the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological profiles between patients with neonatal sepsis who lived or died. The medical records of patients with neonatal sepsis were retrospectively reviewed at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (National Pediatric Institute) of Secretaría de Salud (Ministry of Health) in Mexico City, between 1992 and 2000. Neonatal sepsis cases were classified as surviving or not after 90 days of postnatal follow-up. The survivor and decreased groups were compared using Mann-Whitney's U test for continuous variables, and the chi-squared test or the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Significantly associated variables were included in a Cox proportional hazards model. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. A total of 116 patients with neonatal sepsis were included (65 live and 51 dead). Multivariate analysis showed that fetal distress, respiratory distress, a delayed capillary fill up, a low...
Archives of medical research, 1996
This study was undertaken in order to evaluate for the first time the usefulness of PRISM score t... more This study was undertaken in order to evaluate for the first time the usefulness of PRISM score to predict outcome in pediatric patients in the Intensive Care Area of the Emergency Department at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in Mexico City. A prolective evaluation of PRISM score was done using 100 consecutive pediatric patients admitted to INP-ED between July and November 1992 and considered critically ill by the attending pediatricians to calculate by a lineal logistic model the expected mortality and compare with the observed one. Using a cut-off of r = 0, we evaluated at the same time the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of this score. Fifty-eight patients were male and 42 were female. The mean age was 51 months with a range of 3 days -192 months. PRISM score for survivors was in general 8.7 +/- 7.2 and 25.8 +/- 14 for nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). Based on the logistic regression coefficients defined by Pollack et al., our sample of 100 patients was estimated to expe...
Revista de investigación clínica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutrición
To determine the levels of plasma fibronectin (FBN) in pediatric patients and to correlate them w... more To determine the levels of plasma fibronectin (FBN) in pediatric patients and to correlate them with serum albumin (ALB). The FBN was measured by nephelometry and ALB by enzymatic analysis in samples from 95 healthy Mexican pediatric patients seen in the ambulatory surgery department. The levels of FBN was similar in boy and girls (mean +/- SD) 273 +/- 90 and 268 +/- 106 micrograms/mL respectively. FBN was significantly lower in children less than 6 months old. We found seven patients with ALB < 3.0 g/dL who had significantly lower values of FBN than the normoalbuminemic patients. The correlation of FBN and ALB was low (r = 0.23). FBN in pediatric patients is significatively lower than in adults. The lowest concentrations were seen in children less than 6 months old. These lower FBN may be an additional factor for immunodeficiency in this group at risk.
Tuberculosis Research and Treatment, 2011
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of drug resistance and the clonality of geno... more The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of drug resistance and the clonality of genotype patterns inM. tuberculosisclinical isolates from pediatric patients in Mexico (n=90patients from 19 states; time period—January 2002 to December 2003). Pulmonary disease was the most frequent clinical manifestation (71%). Children with systemic tuberculosis (TB) were significantly younger compared to patients with localized TB infections (mean7.7±6.2years versus15±3.4yearsP=0.001). Resistance to any anti-TB drug was detected in 24/90 (26.7%) of the isolates; 21/90 (23.3%) and 10/90 (11.1%) were resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin, respectively, and 10/90 (11.1%) strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spoligotyping produced a total of 55 different patterns; 12/55 corresponded to clustered isolates (n=47, clustering rate of 52.2%), and 43/55 to unclustered isolates (19 patterns were designated as orphan by the SITVIT2 database). Database comparison led to designation of 36 shared t...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014
ABSTRACTGiardiasis is highly prevalent in the developing world, and treatment failures with the s... more ABSTRACTGiardiasis is highly prevalent in the developing world, and treatment failures with the standard drugs are common. This work deals with the proposal of omeprazole as a novel antigiardial drug, focusing on a giardial glycolytic enzyme used to follow the cytotoxic effect at the molecular level. We used recombinant technology and enzyme inactivation to demonstrate the capacity of omeprazole to inactivate giardial triosephosphate isomerase, with no adverse effects on its human counterpart. To establish the specific target in the enzyme, we used single mutants of every cysteine residue in triosephosphate isomerase. The effect on cellular triosephosphate isomerase was evaluated by following the remnant enzyme activity on trophozoites treated with omeprazole. The interaction of omeprazole with giardial proteins was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The susceptibility to omeprazole of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains ofGiardia lambliawas evaluated to demonstrate its ...
Salud Pública de México, 2004