Pedro Castro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pedro Castro
Zootaxa, Jan 10, 2017
A review is made of those brachyurans that are symbiotic or otherwise associated with scleractini... more A review is made of those brachyurans that are symbiotic or otherwise associated with scleractinian corals on Easter Island, southeastern Pacific Ocean. A total of seven species is reported, including three species from two families not previously known from the island. Earlier records of Trapezia are analyzed and, although as many as six species have been previously reported, we conclude that only three species are known to occur on the island with certainty.
Zootaxa, Jan 22, 2016
The family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964, is revised based on the examination of the type materia... more The family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964, is revised based on the examination of the type material of many of its species as well as unidentified and previously identified material from around the world. The revised family now consists of three subfamilies comprising 16 genera (including eight described as new) and 51 species (including 19 described as new). The subfamily Chasmocarciinae Serène, 1964, consists of Amboplax n. gen. with one species; Angustopelta n. gen. with four species, two of which are new; Camatopsis Alcock & Anderson, 1899, with six species, five of which are new; Chasmocarcinops Alcock, 1900, with one species; Chasmocarcinus Rathbun, 1898, with 11 species, one of which is new; Chinommatia n. gen. with five species, two of which are new; Deltopelta n. gen. with one species; Hephthopelta Alcock, 1899, with two species, one of which is new; Microtopsis Komai, Ng & Yamada, 2012, with two species, one of which is new; Notopelta n. gen. with one species; Statommatia n...
Zootaxa, 2004
Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the descrip... more Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family {Zootaxa 643) 70 pp.; 30 cm.
Sotoplacidae nov. fam. is described for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid crab from t... more Sotoplacidae nov. fam. is described for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid crab from the western Atlantic that had been provisionally placed in the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871. Sotoplax is characterised by a suite of characters, particularly related to the thoracic sternum, male abdomen, and to the protection of the penis, which places it as a taxon independent from the Euryplacidae and the other 10 families currently grouped in the superfamily Goneplacoidea MacLeay, 1838. A diagnosis of the Goneplacoidea, a detailed table of characters diagnostic to the 11 goneplacoid families, and a key to these families are also given.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Apr 1, 2008
In response to increasing evidence of mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Managemen... more In response to increasing evidence of mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), a collaborative project was developed to document the occurrence, species composition, and seasonal abundance of mosquitoes from selected urban and highway BMPs in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Structural and environmental factors associated with mosquito production in highway BMPs were identified and analyzed. Ten species of mosquitoes were collected from 47 BMPs, including Culex tarsalis, Culiseta incidens, Cs. inornata, and 7 species of Aedes. In and around South Lake Tahoe, immatures were most abundant in urban BMPs during the warmer summer and fall months, whereas natural water sources in the surrounding area harbored mosquitoes more often during the colder months of early spring. In BMPs installed along Lake Tahoe's perimeter highways, mosquitoes were observed in 11% of site visits conducted during a single season. Larval presence in highway BMPs was positively associated with water temperature and negatively associated with precipitation, sand, and unspecified organic matter. The significance of mosquito production in BMPs of the Tahoe Basin and the potential for increased transmission of mosquito-borne disease are discussed.
The Journal of Neuroscience, Sep 1, 2001
Memoires Du Museum National D Histoire Naturelle, 2013
Memoires Du Museum National D Histoire Naturelle, 2000
Organic Letters, Mar 1, 2004
[structure: see text] Selective excision of one or two quinoxaline units from tetraquinoxaline ca... more [structure: see text] Selective excision of one or two quinoxaline units from tetraquinoxaline cavitand using catechol and base in DMF yields tri- and diquinoxaline cavitands in yields of up to 71%.
Our previous studies suggest that the increase in heart rate from rest to peak exercise is reduce... more Our previous studies suggest that the increase in heart rate from rest to peak exercise is reduced in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and this is associated with increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels. To investigate the effects of carvedilol on the heart rate response to exercise and oxidative stress in patients with CHF. Thirty stable NYHA classes II-III CHF patients received carvedilol therapy for 6 months, at a mean maintenance dose of 25 mg (range 6.25-50 mg/day). After treatment, the patients showed a significant improvement in their functional NYHA class (p=0.013), increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (24+/-1.4% to 31+/-2.3%, p=0.003) and 6-min walk distance (499+/-18 to 534+/-18 m, p=0.03), without changes in the peak VO2. At baseline, norepinephrine (NE) plasma levels increased with exercise (510+/-51 to 2513+/-230 pg/mL, p<0.001), and these levels were not affected by carvedilol. Chronotropic responsiveness index (increase in heart rate divided by the increase in NE from rest to peak exercise) was not changed by carvedilol (0.049+/-0.001 to 0.042+/-0.001, p=0.6). MDA levels of CHF patients decreased after treatment with carvedilol (2.4+/-0.2 to 1.1+/-0.2 microM, p<0.001), without changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. Carvedilol treatment in patients with CHF results in reduced oxidative stress without restoration of the chronotropic responsiveness index.
Schizophrenia Research, 2008
Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Clinical and functional outcomes are analyzed using a line... more Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Clinical and functional outcomes are analyzed using a linear mixed model controlling for age, gender, disease duration, baseline hospitalization status and antipsychotic treatment patterns. Results presented in this report are based on the complete e-STAR data from Spain. Results: A total of 1622 patients (63.6% male, mean age 38.4 ± 11.2 years) participated in e-STAR from Spain, 1345 were initiated on RLAI and 277 were treated with oral antipsychotics. RLAI treated patients had significantly longer disease duration (12.6 ± 9.5 years vs. 10.9 ± 9.7 years, p b 0.01) than those treated with oral antipsychotics. During the 2-year study, clinical symptoms and functioning improved in both groups. As revealed by the mixed-model regression, RLAI patients, compared to oral patients, had significantly greater improvement on CGI-S scores (−1.10 vs. −0.88, p b 0.02) and GAF scores (16.4 vs. 14.6, p b 0.03). Baseline hospitalization status and disease duration were significant explanatory variables in the mixed model regression.
Journal of Natural History, Sep 1, 1995
A new genus and species of eumedonid crab from the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia, Zebri... more A new genus and species of eumedonid crab from the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia, Zebridonus mirabilis, is described. Zebridonus gen. nov. is allied to Eumedonus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, Gonatonotus White, 1847, and Zebrida White, 1847, but differs from Eumedonus and Gonatonotus in the following aspects: (1) the lateral lobes of the carapace are sublamelliform and upturned; (2) presence
Synlett, 2004
LETTER, Synlett 2004(14): 2627-2629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834834. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·... more LETTER, Synlett 2004(14): 2627-2629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834834. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York. Hexacarboxylic Acid Biscavitands. Gang Zhao, Peter P. Castro, Linda M. Gutierrez-Tunstad*. Department of Chemistry ...
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2002
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizure... more Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizures. NPY is abundantly expressed in the dentate gyrus and is thought to modulate hippocampal excitability via activation of presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Here we demonstrate that NPY, and commonly used Y2R-preferring (NPY(13-36)) and Y5 receptor (Y5R)-preferring ([D-Trp(32)]NPY and hPP) peptide agonists, evoke similar levels of inhibition at excitatory CA3 synapses in hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice (WT). In contrast, NPYergic inhibition of excitatory CA3 synaptic transmission is absent in mice lacking the Y5R subtype (Y5R KO). In both analyses of evoked population spike activity and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (EPSCs), NPY agonists induced powerful inhibitory effects in all hippocampal slices from WT mice, whereas these peptides had no effect in slices from Y5R KO mice. In slices from WT mice, NPY (and NPY receptor-preferring agonists) reduced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude, rise time, or decay time. Furthermore, NPYergic modulation of spontaneous EPSCs in WT mice was mimicked by bath application of a novel Y5R-selective peptide agonist ([cpp]hPP) but not the selective Y2R agonist ([ahx(5-24)]NPY). In situ hybridization was used to confirm the presence of NPY, Y2, and Y5 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice and the absence of Y5R in knockout mice. These results suggest that the Y5 receptor subtype, previously believed to mediate food intake, plays a critical role in modulation of hippocampal excitatory transmission at the hilar-to-CA3 synapse in the mouse.
Zoosystema, 2007
Résumé/Abstract Une redéfinition des caractères taxonomiques des crabes brachyoures appartenant à... more Résumé/Abstract Une redéfinition des caractères taxonomiques des crabes brachyoures appartenant à la famille Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 sensu lato a permis une révision de la sous-famille des Goneplacinae, qui réunit les sous-familles Goneplacinae MacLeay, ...
J Neurochem, 2007
In this study, we describe a novel form of anti-homeostatic plasticity produced after culturing s... more In this study, we describe a novel form of anti-homeostatic plasticity produced after culturing spinal neurons with strychnine, but not bicuculline or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Strychnine caused a large increase in network excitability, detected as spontaneous synaptic currents and calcium transients. The calcium transients were associated with action potential firing and activation of c-aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors as they were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), bicuculline, and CNQX. After chronic blockade of glycine receptors (GlyRs), the frequency of synaptic transmission showed a significant enhancement demonstrating the phenomenon of antihomeostatic plasticity. Spontaneous inhibitory glycinergic currents in treated cells showed a fourfold increase in frequency (from 0.55 to 2.4 Hz) and a 184% increase in average peak amplitude compared with control. Furthermore, the augmentation in excitability accelerated the decay time constant of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents. Strychnine caused an increase in GlyR current density, without changes in the apparent affinity. These findings support the idea of a post-synaptic action that partly explains the increase in synaptic transmission. This phenomenon of synaptic plasticity was blocked by TTX, an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and K252a suggesting the involvement of the neuronal activitydependent BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. These results show that the properties of GlyRs are regulated by the degree of neuronal activity in the developing network.
Zootaxa, Jan 10, 2017
A review is made of those brachyurans that are symbiotic or otherwise associated with scleractini... more A review is made of those brachyurans that are symbiotic or otherwise associated with scleractinian corals on Easter Island, southeastern Pacific Ocean. A total of seven species is reported, including three species from two families not previously known from the island. Earlier records of Trapezia are analyzed and, although as many as six species have been previously reported, we conclude that only three species are known to occur on the island with certainty.
Zootaxa, Jan 22, 2016
The family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964, is revised based on the examination of the type materia... more The family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964, is revised based on the examination of the type material of many of its species as well as unidentified and previously identified material from around the world. The revised family now consists of three subfamilies comprising 16 genera (including eight described as new) and 51 species (including 19 described as new). The subfamily Chasmocarciinae Serène, 1964, consists of Amboplax n. gen. with one species; Angustopelta n. gen. with four species, two of which are new; Camatopsis Alcock & Anderson, 1899, with six species, five of which are new; Chasmocarcinops Alcock, 1900, with one species; Chasmocarcinus Rathbun, 1898, with 11 species, one of which is new; Chinommatia n. gen. with five species, two of which are new; Deltopelta n. gen. with one species; Hephthopelta Alcock, 1899, with two species, one of which is new; Microtopsis Komai, Ng & Yamada, 2012, with two species, one of which is new; Notopelta n. gen. with one species; Statommatia n...
Zootaxa, 2004
Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the descrip... more Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family {Zootaxa 643) 70 pp.; 30 cm.
Sotoplacidae nov. fam. is described for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid crab from t... more Sotoplacidae nov. fam. is described for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid crab from the western Atlantic that had been provisionally placed in the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871. Sotoplax is characterised by a suite of characters, particularly related to the thoracic sternum, male abdomen, and to the protection of the penis, which places it as a taxon independent from the Euryplacidae and the other 10 families currently grouped in the superfamily Goneplacoidea MacLeay, 1838. A diagnosis of the Goneplacoidea, a detailed table of characters diagnostic to the 11 goneplacoid families, and a key to these families are also given.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Apr 1, 2008
In response to increasing evidence of mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Managemen... more In response to increasing evidence of mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), a collaborative project was developed to document the occurrence, species composition, and seasonal abundance of mosquitoes from selected urban and highway BMPs in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Structural and environmental factors associated with mosquito production in highway BMPs were identified and analyzed. Ten species of mosquitoes were collected from 47 BMPs, including Culex tarsalis, Culiseta incidens, Cs. inornata, and 7 species of Aedes. In and around South Lake Tahoe, immatures were most abundant in urban BMPs during the warmer summer and fall months, whereas natural water sources in the surrounding area harbored mosquitoes more often during the colder months of early spring. In BMPs installed along Lake Tahoe's perimeter highways, mosquitoes were observed in 11% of site visits conducted during a single season. Larval presence in highway BMPs was positively associated with water temperature and negatively associated with precipitation, sand, and unspecified organic matter. The significance of mosquito production in BMPs of the Tahoe Basin and the potential for increased transmission of mosquito-borne disease are discussed.
The Journal of Neuroscience, Sep 1, 2001
Memoires Du Museum National D Histoire Naturelle, 2013
Memoires Du Museum National D Histoire Naturelle, 2000
Organic Letters, Mar 1, 2004
[structure: see text] Selective excision of one or two quinoxaline units from tetraquinoxaline ca... more [structure: see text] Selective excision of one or two quinoxaline units from tetraquinoxaline cavitand using catechol and base in DMF yields tri- and diquinoxaline cavitands in yields of up to 71%.
Our previous studies suggest that the increase in heart rate from rest to peak exercise is reduce... more Our previous studies suggest that the increase in heart rate from rest to peak exercise is reduced in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and this is associated with increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels. To investigate the effects of carvedilol on the heart rate response to exercise and oxidative stress in patients with CHF. Thirty stable NYHA classes II-III CHF patients received carvedilol therapy for 6 months, at a mean maintenance dose of 25 mg (range 6.25-50 mg/day). After treatment, the patients showed a significant improvement in their functional NYHA class (p=0.013), increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (24+/-1.4% to 31+/-2.3%, p=0.003) and 6-min walk distance (499+/-18 to 534+/-18 m, p=0.03), without changes in the peak VO2. At baseline, norepinephrine (NE) plasma levels increased with exercise (510+/-51 to 2513+/-230 pg/mL, p<0.001), and these levels were not affected by carvedilol. Chronotropic responsiveness index (increase in heart rate divided by the increase in NE from rest to peak exercise) was not changed by carvedilol (0.049+/-0.001 to 0.042+/-0.001, p=0.6). MDA levels of CHF patients decreased after treatment with carvedilol (2.4+/-0.2 to 1.1+/-0.2 microM, p<0.001), without changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. Carvedilol treatment in patients with CHF results in reduced oxidative stress without restoration of the chronotropic responsiveness index.
Schizophrenia Research, 2008
Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Clinical and functional outcomes are analyzed using a line... more Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Clinical and functional outcomes are analyzed using a linear mixed model controlling for age, gender, disease duration, baseline hospitalization status and antipsychotic treatment patterns. Results presented in this report are based on the complete e-STAR data from Spain. Results: A total of 1622 patients (63.6% male, mean age 38.4 ± 11.2 years) participated in e-STAR from Spain, 1345 were initiated on RLAI and 277 were treated with oral antipsychotics. RLAI treated patients had significantly longer disease duration (12.6 ± 9.5 years vs. 10.9 ± 9.7 years, p b 0.01) than those treated with oral antipsychotics. During the 2-year study, clinical symptoms and functioning improved in both groups. As revealed by the mixed-model regression, RLAI patients, compared to oral patients, had significantly greater improvement on CGI-S scores (−1.10 vs. −0.88, p b 0.02) and GAF scores (16.4 vs. 14.6, p b 0.03). Baseline hospitalization status and disease duration were significant explanatory variables in the mixed model regression.
Journal of Natural History, Sep 1, 1995
A new genus and species of eumedonid crab from the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia, Zebri... more A new genus and species of eumedonid crab from the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia, Zebridonus mirabilis, is described. Zebridonus gen. nov. is allied to Eumedonus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, Gonatonotus White, 1847, and Zebrida White, 1847, but differs from Eumedonus and Gonatonotus in the following aspects: (1) the lateral lobes of the carapace are sublamelliform and upturned; (2) presence
Synlett, 2004
LETTER, Synlett 2004(14): 2627-2629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834834. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·... more LETTER, Synlett 2004(14): 2627-2629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834834. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York. Hexacarboxylic Acid Biscavitands. Gang Zhao, Peter P. Castro, Linda M. Gutierrez-Tunstad*. Department of Chemistry ...
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2002
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizure... more Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizures. NPY is abundantly expressed in the dentate gyrus and is thought to modulate hippocampal excitability via activation of presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Here we demonstrate that NPY, and commonly used Y2R-preferring (NPY(13-36)) and Y5 receptor (Y5R)-preferring ([D-Trp(32)]NPY and hPP) peptide agonists, evoke similar levels of inhibition at excitatory CA3 synapses in hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice (WT). In contrast, NPYergic inhibition of excitatory CA3 synaptic transmission is absent in mice lacking the Y5R subtype (Y5R KO). In both analyses of evoked population spike activity and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (EPSCs), NPY agonists induced powerful inhibitory effects in all hippocampal slices from WT mice, whereas these peptides had no effect in slices from Y5R KO mice. In slices from WT mice, NPY (and NPY receptor-preferring agonists) reduced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude, rise time, or decay time. Furthermore, NPYergic modulation of spontaneous EPSCs in WT mice was mimicked by bath application of a novel Y5R-selective peptide agonist ([cpp]hPP) but not the selective Y2R agonist ([ahx(5-24)]NPY). In situ hybridization was used to confirm the presence of NPY, Y2, and Y5 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice and the absence of Y5R in knockout mice. These results suggest that the Y5 receptor subtype, previously believed to mediate food intake, plays a critical role in modulation of hippocampal excitatory transmission at the hilar-to-CA3 synapse in the mouse.
Zoosystema, 2007
Résumé/Abstract Une redéfinition des caractères taxonomiques des crabes brachyoures appartenant à... more Résumé/Abstract Une redéfinition des caractères taxonomiques des crabes brachyoures appartenant à la famille Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 sensu lato a permis une révision de la sous-famille des Goneplacinae, qui réunit les sous-familles Goneplacinae MacLeay, ...
J Neurochem, 2007
In this study, we describe a novel form of anti-homeostatic plasticity produced after culturing s... more In this study, we describe a novel form of anti-homeostatic plasticity produced after culturing spinal neurons with strychnine, but not bicuculline or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Strychnine caused a large increase in network excitability, detected as spontaneous synaptic currents and calcium transients. The calcium transients were associated with action potential firing and activation of c-aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors as they were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), bicuculline, and CNQX. After chronic blockade of glycine receptors (GlyRs), the frequency of synaptic transmission showed a significant enhancement demonstrating the phenomenon of antihomeostatic plasticity. Spontaneous inhibitory glycinergic currents in treated cells showed a fourfold increase in frequency (from 0.55 to 2.4 Hz) and a 184% increase in average peak amplitude compared with control. Furthermore, the augmentation in excitability accelerated the decay time constant of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents. Strychnine caused an increase in GlyR current density, without changes in the apparent affinity. These findings support the idea of a post-synaptic action that partly explains the increase in synaptic transmission. This phenomenon of synaptic plasticity was blocked by TTX, an antibody against brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and K252a suggesting the involvement of the neuronal activitydependent BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. These results show that the properties of GlyRs are regulated by the degree of neuronal activity in the developing network.
La sociedad es la base, con el cual las distintas civilizaciones durante toda la historia de la h... more La sociedad es la base, con el cual las distintas civilizaciones durante toda la historia de la humanidad, han fortalecido su organización económica. Al pasar de los siglos los siglos las sociedades han jugado un papel importante en el desarrollo del quehacer jurídico, ya que desde la era del homosapiens, donde los hombres ya ejercían sus propias leyes dentro sus sociedades de una manera consuetudinaria, gracias a eso sea ido evolucionando a medida que han transcurrido las generaciones en la historia; otorgándose de esta manera un propósito positivo o negativo respecto de su propia existencia. Es por ello imprescindible considerar a la misma desde su nacimiento; hasta el concepto y estructura actual, resaltando su importancia al ser cotejada con otras figuras jurídicas. Dentro de los diversos sistemas religiosos e ideales filosóficos que, de acuerdo a una diversa gama de culturas e ideales individuales, los seres humanos tienen la capacidad de ser conscientes de sí mismos, así como de su pasado, sabiendo que tienen el poder de planear, transformar y realizar proyectos de diversos códigos tanto morales como dogmáticos orientados directamente al manejo adecuado de estas capacidades; como pueden estar conscientes de responsabilidades y peligros provenientes de la naturaleza, así como de otros seres humanos. Tomando en cuenta esto puedo afirmar que el mundo no ha sido siempre como es ahora; dentro de las sociedades humanas y su proceso evolutivo desde las formas de sociedades primitivas hasta las sociedades del presente. DESARROLLO EVOLUCION HISTORICA: La sociedad a través de la historia fue desarrollando sus distintas caracterizaciones hasta arribar al concepto actual, el cual si bien surge en la edad Media, se comenzó a labrar desde tiempos anteriores, aun precediendo a la aparición de la civilización romana. Algunos historiadores señalan que en los pueblos de la Antigua Mesopotamia; desde que el rey, los templos y personas privadas habían adquirido derechos de propiedad sobre los terrenos y el suelo; el legislador debía conceder especial atención a la agricultura. De esa manera las relaciones entre los propietarios de las tierras y aquellas personas que las trabajaban debían ser reguladas jurídicamente. EDAD ANTIGUA.