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Books by Philip Bonner

Chapters: 1) An introduction to enzymes; 2) The structure of proteins; 3) The biosynthesis and pr... more Chapters: 1) An introduction to enzymes; 2) The structure of proteins; 3) The biosynthesis and properties of proteins; 4) Specificity of enzyme action; 5) Monomeric and oligomeric enzymes; 6) An introduction to bioenergetics, catalysis and kinetics; 7) Kinetics of single-substrate enzyme-catalysed reactions; 8) Enzyme inhibition; 9) Kinetics of multi-substrate enzyme-catalysed reactions; 10) The investigation of active site structure; 11) The chemical nature of enzyme catalysis; 12) The binding of ligands to proteins; 13) Sigmoidal kinetics and allosteric enzymes; 14) The significance of sigmoidal behaviour; 15) Investigation of enzymes in biological preparations; 16) Extraction and purification of enzymes: 17) Enzymes as analytical reagents; 18) Instrumental techniques available for use in enzymatic analysis; 19) Applications of enzymatic analysis in medicine, forensic science and industry; 20) Biotechnological applications of enzymes; 21) Genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics.

Papers by Philip Bonner

The Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2000

Differential expression of multiple myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes largely determines the divers... more Differential expression of multiple myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes largely determines the diversity of critical physiological, histochemical, and enzymatic properties characteristic of skeletal muscle. Hypotheses to explain myofiber diversity range from intrinsic control of expression based on myoblast lineage to extrinsic control by innervation, hormones, and usage. The unique innervation and specialized function of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) appendicular and abdominal musculature provide a model to test these hypotheses. The leg opener and superficial abdominal extensor muscles are innervated by tonic excitatory motoneurons. High resolution SDS-PAGE revealed that these two muscles express the same MyHC profile. In contrast, the deep abdominal extensor muscles, innervated by phasic motoneurons, express MyHC profiles different from the tonic profiles. The claw closer muscles are dually innervated by tonic and phasic motoneurons and a mixed phenotype was observed, albeit biased toward the phasic profile seen in the closer muscle. These results indicate that multiple MyHC isoforms are present in the crayfish and that differential expression is associated with diversity of muscle type and function.

Toxicology in Vitro, 2009

The main aim of this study was to determine whether sub-lethal concentrations of the organophosph... more The main aim of this study was to determine whether sub-lethal concentrations of the organophosphate compound phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) could disrupt the activity of the Ca 2+ -activated enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) from cultured cell lines of neuronal (N2a) and hepatic (HepG2) origin.

Toxicology in Vitro, 2010

The organophosphorothioate compound chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide, which is known... more The organophosphorothioate compound chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide, which is known to inhibit the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma and rat C6 glioma cells. This study in focused on the possible effects of CPF in the activity and expression of tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) in differentiating C6 cells. Cells exposed for 24 h to 10 lM CPF, which had no effect on cell viability, exhibited a significant increase in cytosolic TGase 2 activity. Western blotting analysis indicated that there was no change in the cytosolic TGase 2 protein levels, suggesting that the enzyme was activated under these conditions. When commercially available TGase 2 was incubated with CPF in vitro, an increase in activity was also observed, suggesting that CPF might interact directly with TGase 2.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2007

A novel method is reported for rapid protein identification by the analysis of tryptic peptides u... more A novel method is reported for rapid protein identification by the analysis of tryptic peptides using desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) coupled with hyphenated ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IMS/Q-ToF-MS). Confident protein identification is demonstrated for the analysis of tryptically digested bovine serum albumin (BSA), with no sample pre-treatment or clean-up. Electrophoretic ion mobility separation of ions generated by DESI allowed examination of charge-state and mobility distributions for tryptic peptide mixtures. Selective interrogation of singly charged ions allowed isobaric peptide responses to be distinguished, along with a reduction in spectral noise. The mobility-selected singly charged peptide responses were presented as a pseudo-peptide mass fingerprint ( p-PMF) for protein database searching. Comparative data are shown for electrospray ionisation (ESI) of the BSA digest, without sample clean-up, from which confident protein identification could not be made. Implications for the robustness of the DESI method, together with potential insights into mechanisms for DESI of proteolytic digests, are discussed.

Journal of Chromatography B, 2007

Capillary column immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) has been combined on-line with ... more Capillary column immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) has been combined on-line with electrospray ionisation/quadrupole timeof-flight mass spectrometry for the fractionation of histidine-containing peptides. IMAC beads (Poros 20MC, 20 m) containing imidodiacetate chelating groups on a cross-linked poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) support were packed into a fused silica column (250 m i.d.), which was interfaced to the electrospray ion source of the spectrometer. A Cu(II) activated column was used to isolate histidine-containing peptides from tryptic and other peptide mixtures with an average breakthrough of 9.1%, to reduce the complexity of the mass spectral analysis. The analysis cycle time was reduced to less than 15 min, at an optimum flow rate of 7.5 L/min, without sacrificing peptide selectivity. Direct coupling of capillary IMAC with MS allows on-line separation, using MS compatible loading and elution buffers, and detection in a high-throughput fashion when compared to off-line strategies.

Current Analytical Chemistry, 2008

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003

The larval Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be an excellent system to test f... more The larval Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be an excellent system to test fundamental aspects of synaptic transmission, such as relationships among ion channel function, subtypes of glutamate receptors, and the functions of synaptic proteins in the presynaptic compartment. Recent advances in understanding bi-directional communication between nerves and muscles of Drosophila are helping uncover developmental as well as maintenance cues that could be applicable to all chemical synapses. The development of HL3 medium makes it possible to record synaptic responses at NMJs for prolonged periods of time. We demonstrate that media commonly used to culture CNS neurons and imaginal disks of Drosophila such as Schneider's and M3 completely block glutamatergic synaptic transmission at the NMJ. The depressed postsynaptic excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) partially recover from exposure to such media shortly after switching to the HL3 medium. Preliminary results from NMJs of filleted 3rd instar larvae for 4 days in vitro bathed in a modified HL3 medium show great promise. The resting membrane potential and the EJP amplitudes after 4 days in vitro are normal. These results demonstrate the possibility for chronic studies of developmental regulation in culture, which in some cases are impractical in the whole animal. ᮊ

Biochemical Journal, 2010