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Papers by Philip Richardson

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Oceanography, 2001

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Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This article is posted here by permission of Nantucket His... more Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This article is posted here by permission of Nantucket Historical Association for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Historic Nantucket 68, no. 1 (2018): 17-24.

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Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2001

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Progress in Oceanography, 1986

Abstract A synthesis of near-surface oceanographic and surface meteorological data collected duri... more Abstract A synthesis of near-surface oceanographic and surface meteorological data collected during the First GARP Global Experiment, FGGE, is presented to portray the oceanic response to the seasonal wind forcing for the period December 1978 to ...

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1992

Several 5 to 10 m s−1 westerly wind bursts of 10–15 days' duration occurred in the western eq... more Several 5 to 10 m s−1 westerly wind bursts of 10–15 days' duration occurred in the western equatorial Pacific during November 1989 to January 1990. The response to these wind bursts was characterized by a 400‐ to 600‐km‐wide eastward jet in the upper 100–150 m along the equator between 135°E and the date line. Flow in this jet accelerated to speeds of over 100 cm s−1 within 1 week after the onset of westerly winds in November 1989 in association with supertyphoon Irma. In addition, a 20 to 40 cm s−1 westward counterflow developed between 2°N and 2°S below the surface jet separating it from the eastward flow of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the thermocline. Changes in surface layer zonal volume transports in the western Pacific due to westerly wind bursts were 25–56 Sv based on comparison of three shipboard velocity transects in November and December 1989. Although fluctuations in current speeds in the thermocline were generally smaller and less directly related to local wind fo...

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Royal Society Open Science

Wandering albatrosses exploit wind shear by dynamic soaring (DS), enabling rapid, efficient, long... more Wandering albatrosses exploit wind shear by dynamic soaring (DS), enabling rapid, efficient, long-range flight. We compared the ability of a theoretical nonlinear DS model and a linear empirical model to explain the observed variation of mean across-wind airspeeds of GPS-tracked wandering albatrosses. Assuming a flight trajectory of linked, 137° turns, a DS cycle of 10 s and a cruise airspeed of 16 m s −1 , the theoretical model predicted that the minimum wind speed necessary to support DS is greater than 3 m s −1 . Despite this, tracked albatrosses were observed in flight at wind speeds as low as 2 m s −1 . We hypothesize at these very low wind speeds, wandering albatrosses fly by obtaining additional energy from updrafts over water waves. In fast winds (greater than 8 m s −1 ), assuming the same 10 s cycle period and a turn angle (TA) of 90°, the DS model predicts mean across-wind airspeeds of up to around 50 m s −1 . In contrast, the maximum observed across-wind mean airspeed of ...

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