Prof. Dr. (h.c) Mehmet Sukru Guzel (original) (raw)

Papers by Prof. Dr. (h.c) Mehmet Sukru Guzel

8. ULUSLARARASI TÜRKLERİN DÜNYASI SOSYAL BİLİMLER SEMPOZYUMU BİLDİRİLERİ, 2024

Resolution 181 of the United Nations General Assembly has been partially implemented. The examina... more Resolution 181 of the United Nations General Assembly has been partially implemented. The examination of the legal status of the city of Jerusalem within the framework of the United Nations Charter is of primary importance not only for the city of Jerusalem but also for the solution of the Palestinian problem.

The Court of Citizens of the World (CCW), a People’s Tribunal, said to be a quasi-judicial organi... more The Court of Citizens of the World (CCW), a People’s Tribunal, said to be a quasi-judicial organization that aims to bridge gaps in access to international justice by holding political and military leaders to account through considering allegations of violations of specific standards of international law in light of documentary and oral evidence presented in formal proceedings.

The CCW has so-called charged Xi Jinping, President of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) , with crimes of aggression, under the Rome Statute against Taiwan. The tribunal addressed allegations related to aggression in Taiwan.

However, with this so-called charge, the CCW violated gravely the UN Charter, to which the CCW must be bound in terms of its legitimacy. The CCW gravely violated the UN Charter as any violation targeted Article 2.4 of the UN Charter creates a threat to World`s peace and security.

In 1947, the United Kingdom (UK) turned the decolonization of the Palestine problem over to the U... more In 1947, the United Kingdom (UK) turned the decolonization of the Palestine problem over to the United Nations (UN) as the mandatory Power. After looking at alternatives, the UN proposed terminating the Mandate and partitioning Palestine into two independent States, one Palestinian Arab and the other Jewish, with Jerusalem internationalized with the UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 181 of

Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, Dec 23, 2017

The three-decade-long armed conflict ended in Sri Lanka, by the military defeat of the Liberation... more The three-decade-long armed conflict ended in Sri Lanka, by the military defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in May 2009. LTTE is defined as an international terrorist organization and banned in 32 countries. Terrorist acts of LTTE were under the category of crimes against humanity. After the end of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka, today there is a new conflict on Sri Lanka, in the United Nations, between the Human Rights Council and the Office of the High Commissioner for the Human Rights for defining the past armed conflict as combat terrorism or an internal war as well defining the LTTE as a terrorist organization or not.

Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, May 31, 2018

On 22 June 2017, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution A/ RES/71/292 in w... more On 22 June 2017, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution A/ RES/71/292 in which, referring to Article 65 of the Statute of the Court, it requested the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion 2 questions on the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 by the Lancaster House Undertakings. Even if the case seems to be between the United Kingdom and Mauritius, in fact, the case has a Sui Generis character and is between the United Nations and the United Kingdom.

Birlesmis Milletler Insan Haklari Konseyi’nin 2015 yilinda ki ,30/1 sayili karari ile Sri Lanka’d... more Birlesmis Milletler Insan Haklari Konseyi’nin 2015 yilinda ki ,30/1 sayili karari ile Sri Lanka’da yasanan terror ile savas sirasinda yasanan insan haklari ihlalleri ve ihlalleri ile ilgili iddialar hakkinda ki yargi mekanizmasinda Commonwealth ve diger yabanci hakimler, savunma avukatlari ve yetkili savci ve arastirmacilari dahil edilmesini istemistir. Ancak, Insan Haklari Konseyi, BM Kuresel Terorle Mucadele Stratejisi’nin bir yukumlulugu olan Sri Lanka’daki terorunun finansmani failleri icin uluslararasi bir ceza sorusturmasi istememistir. Insan Haklari Konseyi, Sri Lanka’daki terorizmin finansmani icin uluslararasi bir sorusturma acmayi talep etmeyerek, Sri Lanka’ da ki terorizmin finansmaninin faillerinin cezasiz kalmasini sebep olmustur.

he Republic of Cyprus became an independent state on 16 August 1960 after being declared formally... more he Republic of Cyprus became an independent state on 16 August 1960 after being declared formally as a Crown Colony on 10 March 1925 by the United Kingdom. The Constitution of the Republic, which came into effect on the day of independence, had its roots in agreements reached between the heads of government of Greece and Turkey at Zurich on 11 February 1959. These were incorporated in agreements reached between those governments and the United Kingdom in London on 19 February. On the same day, the representatives of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities accepted the documents concerned, and accompanying declarations by the three governments, as "the agreed foundation for the final settlement of the problem of Cyprus". The agreements were embodied in treaties - the Treaty of Establishment and the Treaty of Guarantee, signed by Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom, and the Treaty of Alliance, signed by Cyprus, Greece and Turkey - and in the constitution,...

VIIth International Symposium on Social Sciences of the Turkic World , 2023

After the First World War, with the establishment of the Republic of Turkiye and with the Treaty ... more After the First World War, with the establishment of the Republic of Turkiye and with the Treaty of Lausanne, Palestine, one of the former Ottoman lands, came under the mandate system within the framework of Article 22 of the League of Nations Covenant. With the abolition of the League of Nations and the establishment of the United Nations, Palestine, has been taken under the Chapter XII of the United Nations` Charter within the International Trusteeship System. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 on 29 November 1947, decided to establish two separate states, Arab and Jewish, in Palestine, which was under a single mandate. After the authorization by the United Nations General Assembly, the Jews published a declaration of independence one day before the end of the British mandate in Palestine on 14 May 1948, and announced the establishment of the state of Israel to the world. On 15 May 1948, the First Israel-Arab war began. As a result of the war, Israel took control of about 60% of the area proposed for the Arab (Palestine) state, as well as the area proposed by the United Nations for the Jewish state. On 4 March 1949, Israel was accepted as a member of the United Nations with the approval of the Security Council by the Resolution 273 of the General Assembly. After the First Arab-Israeli War, the United Nations Security Council did not demand Israel's withdrawal from the territories that it occupied. The United Nations Security Council demanded that Israel to withdraw from only the territories it occupied during the Second Arab-Israeli War in 1967 with its resolution 242. Today there is a misconception that the boundaries of Israel before the Second Arab -Israel War as legal.

Communication Art. 15.2 of the Rome Statute Information and outreach activities pursuant Pre-Tria... more Communication Art. 15.2 of the Rome Statute Information and outreach activities pursuant Pre-Trial Chamber III issued on 20 January 2020. Centre for Peace and Reconciliation Studies

Gazi Akademik Bakış, 2014

Greek goverment policy was to force to immigrate the majority of the population, the Turks in the... more Greek goverment policy was to force to immigrate the majority of the population, the Turks in the occupied lands of Anatolia and East Thrace. The policy of Greek goverment can only be described as barbarism. Greek goverment used methods of forced expropriation of Turkish lands and houses with out any indemnity, burned Turkish villages and towns, killed Turkish civilians and forced others to leave their houses. Greek goverment made mass tranfer of the Greeks living in Cacause and resettled them in Turkish homes. Greek goverment settled around 100.000 Cacause Greeks in East Thrace. More then 30.000 Turkish villagers took refuge in Bulgaria to save their lives. Also around 60.000 Turkish villagers escaped to İstanbul to save their lives. Greek Goverment in August 1922 gave the order to all Turks to leave their houses who were living between the Bulgarian frontier and Çatalca numbered around 270.000. Now today, the policy of Greek goverment is called as " Ethnic Cleansing ". A...

The United Nations (UN) Security Council resolution 186 adopted on 4 March 1964 was wrongly under... more The United Nations (UN) Security Council resolution 186 adopted on 4 March 1964 was wrongly understood as the recognition of the effective control of the Greek Cypriot community on the Cyprus Republic institutions by the UN. When we analyse resolution 186, one can see that the resolution had given a binding decision on the restoration of the 1960 Constitution to the Cyprus Republic under the effective control of the Greek Cypriots (CRUGC) that is the obligation to give back the right to external self-determination of the Turkish Cypriot community in their partnership Republic. The Cyprus Republic was formed in accordance to the UN General Assembly resolution 1287 of 1958 on decolonization. The Turkish Cypriot community had used their recognized right to external self-determination by the UN General Assembly with the Greek Cypriot community by the founding of the Cyprus Republic in 1960. This recognized right to external right to self-determination of the Turkish Cypriots then had ta...

13 Mart 2019 tarih ve 40/1 sayili BM Insan Haklari Konseyi karari, Sri Lanka’da surdurulebilir ba... more 13 Mart 2019 tarih ve 40/1 sayili BM Insan Haklari Konseyi karari, Sri Lanka’da surdurulebilir barisi saglayabilmek adina BM Kuresel Teror ile Mucadele Stratejisini uygulamayarak ve terorun finansmani icin uluslararasi ceza sorusturmasi acmayarak, terorun finansmanini saglayan faillerin cezasiz kalmasina sebebiyet vermistir. Bu nedenle de soz konusu kararin uluslararasi bir organizasyonun gerceklestirdigi uluslararasi haksiz bir fiil olarak tanimlanmasi gerekmektedir. Bu makalede de bahse konu olan karar incelenmektedir.

5 Agustos 2019 tarihinde Hindistan hukumeti, Jammu ve Kesmir eyaletine kayda deger siyasi ozerkli... more 5 Agustos 2019 tarihinde Hindistan hukumeti, Jammu ve Kesmir eyaletine kayda deger siyasi ozerklik kazandiran Anayasanin 370. Maddesinin iptal edildigini duyurdu. 370. Madde, Jammu ve Kesmir’in disisleri, savunma ve haberlesme disindaki tum konularda kendi anayasasina, ayri bir bayraga ve bagimsizligina sahip olmasini saglamakta idi. Hindistan hukumeti, Jammu ve Kesmir’in Birlesmis Milletler Guvenlik Konseyi tarafindan tartismali bolge olarak tanimlamasina ragmen, Hindistan Anayasasinin 370. Maddesinin Birlesmis Milletler SozlesmesI`nin 2.7 Maddesi kapsaminda Hindistan’in bir ic meselesi oldugunu iddia etmektedir. Bu makale, Birlesmis Milletler dekolonizasyon sistemi icerisinde Jammu ve Kesmir sorununu, Hindistan’in Junagadh’in Eyaleti`nin dekolonizasyon sureci ile mukayeseli olarak inceleyerek, maxim allegans contraria non est audiendus prensibi cercevesinde Hindistan`in Jammu ve Kesmir icin uluslararasi bir yukumlulugunun olup olmadigini analiz etmektedir.

The United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) resolution 30/1 for Sri Lanka is an internatio... more The United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) resolution 30/1 for Sri Lanka is an international wrongful act of an international organization. In his resolution 30/1, the HRC did not respect and fulfill his obligation to the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (UNGCTS) by his mandate given by the General Assembly of the UN. The HRC prepared the resolution 30/1 without taking account of the systematic acts of terrorism of the Tamil militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and did not defined LTTE as a terrorist organization as defined in his resolution 25/1. LTTE financed his terrorism acts by different criminal sources including drug dealing with the terror organization PKK, illegal human trafficking and international sea piracy. The resolution of HRC 30/1 can only be defined as the internationally wrongful act of the HRC organization by not defining LTTE as a non-state armed group designated as terrorist as well not asking an international investigation for the perpet...

8. ULUSLARARASI TÜRKLERİN DÜNYASI SOSYAL BİLİMLER SEMPOZYUMU BİLDİRİLERİ, 2024

Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, Dec 23, 2017

Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, May 31, 2018

VIIth International Symposium on Social Sciences of the Turkic World , 2023

Gazi Akademik Bakış, 2014

The origin of recognizing Israel's boundaries before the 1967 Second Arab-Israel War as legal, in... more The origin of recognizing Israel's boundaries before the 1967 Second Arab-Israel War as legal, in fact is originated from United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242 of 22 November 1967. A little mistake, using a wrong word in the UNSC Resolution 242 lead to the misconception of accepting Israel`s boundaries as legal.

In 1949, with the admission of Israel's membership in the United Nations (UN) by the UN Security ... more In 1949, with the admission of Israel's membership in the United Nations (UN) by the UN Security Council (UNSC) resolution 69 and the UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution 273, the territory of the Palestinian state automatically admitted a member in the UN.

When Israel admitted to the UN, the letter of Israel to the UNSC, Declaration of Independence of ... more When Israel admitted to the UN, the letter of Israel to the UNSC, Declaration of Independence of Israel and the declaration of Israel for its admission to the UN became international treaties between the UN and Israel. The existence of Two State for the old Palestine mandate of the League of Nations, one Palestine State and One Israel State in fact was realized by the UN with these international treaties

As long as Israel became a member of the UN subject to its territories as specified in the UNGA r... more As long as Israel became a member of the UN subject to its territories as specified in the UNGA resolution 181, as long as conquest is forbidden in the UN Charter, as long as the UNSC has no power to change any international territories as written in the UN Charter, the UNGA resolution 181 as an international treaty of decolonization is still binding today for the UNSC for its implementation.

![Research paper thumbnail of The Omission of the Implementation of Article 73 (e) of the United Nations` Charter for Kashmir by the United Nations Security Council](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/74342196/thumbnails/1.jpg)

The paper was presented at the online conference organized by ANKASAM on 31.07.2021, titled “KASHMIR ISSUE: TIME IS UP!”, 2021

There is a misunderstanding on the definition of the disputed territory by the United Nations (UN... more There is a misunderstanding on the definition of the disputed territory by the United Nations (UN) for Kashmir. There exists no disputed border between Pakistan and India. The territorial dispute on Kashmir as a matter of fact is a dispute on the implementation of the Indian Independence Act of 1947. The Indian Independence Act is the result of an obligation of the colonial power United Kingdom (UK) originated from Article 73 of the UN Charter. The territorial dispute between the Pakistan and India is the dispute on the implementation of the Article 73 UN Charter. The UN Security Council (UNSC) failure was to frame the dispute on Kashmir as primarily a political dispute rather than examining its underpinnings legally. In this sense, there exits an international wrongful act of the UNSC in its resolutions for not taking into account of the responsibility of India and Pakistan when the UNSC accepted the two States as an administrative power for Article 73 (e) of the UN Charter. As Article 73 is the subject of a jus cogens norm, any resolution adopted by the UNSC on Article 73 of the UN Charter are under Chapter VII of the Charter, and considered binding, in accordance with Article 25 of the Charter.

IV. ULUSLARARASI TÜRKLERİN DÜNYASI SOSYAL BİLİMLER SEMPOZYUMU, 2021

The legal status of the Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus within the United Nations` (UN) legal system i... more The legal status of the Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus within the United Nations` (UN) legal system is
the key point whether the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is a secessionist movement or not
from the Republic of Cyprus. The Republic of Cyprus was a classical colony under Article 73 of the UN`
Charter and decolonized in 1960 in accordance with the UN General Assembly resolution 1287 of 1958
and become a member of the UN. Uti possidetis juris (UPJ) doctrine was implemented when Cyprus
obtained its independence in a partnership state for the Turkish and Greek Cypriot communities. The UPJ
doctrine is neither customary international law nor jus cogens. Neither the right of self-determination nor
the principle of territorial integrity is absolute under Article 73 of the UN Charter. Both must be applied in
the context of the UN Charter and human rights treaties so as to serve the purposes and principles of the
UN. To define whether Turkish Cypriots were minority or not is the key point to define the Turkish
Cypriots` legal status within the UN legal system. The refusal of the UN General Assembly to define
Turkish Cypriots as a minority but as a partner by its resolution 1287 of 1958 is in fact is the recognition
of the external right to self-determination of Turkish Cypriots under Article 73 of the UN Charter after
which a partnership state was established in Cyprus. Turkish Cypriots can never be defined a secessionist
movement when we analyze the unilateral so-called legal actions of the Greek Cypriots in the island after
the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus.

TTK, 2015

15 Mayıs 1937 tarihinde, ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Cordhell Hull’a, Fred K. Nielsen imzalı bir rapor ... more 15 Mayıs 1937 tarihinde, ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Cordhell Hull’a, Fred K. Nielsen imzalı bir rapor gönderilmiştir. Gönderilen rapor, Amerika – Türkiye Zarar Tazmini başlığı ve ABD ile Türkiye arasında 24 Aralık 1923 tarihli Antlaşma ve Ek Antlaşmalar, Düşünceler ve Rapor alt başlığını ile kitap olarak basılmıştır .
Raporun bilgi kısmında, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Lozan Antlaşması’nı 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde imzalamasından sonra, Türkiye ile ABD arasında, 24 Aralık 1924 tarihinde imzaladıkları anlaşma ile savaş sırasında ABD vatandaşlarının görmüş oldukları maddi zararların tazmin edilmesi konusuna bir çözüm bulabilmeyi amaçladıkları belirtilmiştir. Rapordaş her iki ülkenin, 17 Şubat 1927 tarihinde ek bir antlaşma daha imzaladıkları ve her iki ülkeden, ikişer üyenin atanacağı dört kişilik bir komisyonun kurularak, bu komisyonun vereceği karar doğrultusunda ABD vatandaşlarının maddi zararlarının tazmin edilmesi konusunda anlaşmaya vardıkları yazılmıştır .
Kurulan komisyon, ABD vatandaşlarının savaş sırasında görüdkleri zararlar konusunda iddia başvuruların alındıktan sonra , zarar iddialarının değerlendirilmesi ve kabul edilen zararların tazmin edilmesi için kurulan komisyonu çalışmalarına 1933 Ağustos ayında İstanbul’da başlamıştır. Türkiye, ABD vatandaşlarının zararlarının tazmini için toplam 500.000 ABD dolarını tutan bir meblağı, 10 eşit taksitte ödemeyi önermiş olsa da ABD, Türkiye’nin bu önerisini yetersiz bulmuştur.
Fred K Nielsen, ABD Başkan tarafından 12 Şubat 1934 tarihinde kurulan komisyona atanmış ve komisyon tekrar 21 Mart 1934 tarihinde İstanbul’da toplanmıştır. 13 Ekim 1934 tarihinde komisyon, Türkiye’nin ABD vatandaşlarının savaş sırasında görmüş oldukları zararlar karşılığında 1.300.000 ABD Doları ödemesi konusunda anlaşmaya varmışlardır. Her iki devlet, 25 Ekim 1934 tarihinde komisyonun ödenecek tazminat konusunda uzlaşmaya vardıkları meblağı onaylamışlardır .
Komisyonun çalışması sırasında, ABD tarafı Türkiye toprakları dışarısında İran Urumiye bölgesinde savaş sırasında ABD vatandaşlarının görmüş olduğu zararlar konusunda da taleplerin mevcut olduğunu belirterek, konuyu komisyonun gündemine getirmiştir. Komisyonun Türk üyeleri 24 Nisan 1934 tarihinde ABD tarafına bir memorandum verilmiştir. Memorandumda Türkiye toprakları dışarısında yaşanan olaylara ilişkin iddiaları kabul edilmeyeceği belirtilmiştir. Komisyonun ABD tarafı, 3 Mayıs 1934 tarihinde vermiş olduğu memorandum ile komisyonun görevinin iddiaları incelemek olduğunu, bir devletin, kendi görevlilerinin, ülke dışarısında ki eylemlerinden de sorumlu olduğunu belirtmiştir .
Akabinde ise bizzat ABD tarafı, İran Urumiye bölgesinde, savaş sırasında yaşanan olaylarda ABD vatandaşlarının, ABD kökenli yardım kuruluşu ve misyonunun görmüş olduğu zarardan Türk askerlerinin herhangi bir sorumluluğunu bulunmadığı belirterek, tazminat talebinde bulunmamıştır.

Barış Konferansı Yüksek Konseyi 12 Mart 1920 tarihinde Cemiyeti Akvam’ a Ermenistan devletini kor... more Barış Konferansı Yüksek Konseyi 12 Mart 1920 tarihinde Cemiyeti Akvam’ a Ermenistan devletini koruması altına alıp alamayacağını sormuştur. Bu soru ile birlikte Cemiyet-i Akvam, Ermeni sorununa resmi olarak müdahil olmuştur. Cemiyet-i Akvam Konseyi tarafından verilen cevapta, Akvam’ ın bir devlet olmadığı ve kendisine ait finansal kaynaklarının bulunmadığı belirtilerek, bu istek ret edilmiştir.
Cemiyet-i Akvam ’ın 6 Ekim 1920 tarihindeki Konsey toplantıları sırasında Barış Konferansı’na katılan Ermeni delegasyonu, Türkler ile yapmış oldukları savaş için acil yardım talebinde bulunmuşlardır. 11 Ekim 1920 tarihinde Ermeni delegasyonunun başvurusuna Cemiyet-i Akvam hukuk bölümünden M Aghnides, Sevr Antlaşması onaylanmadığı için Cemiyet-i Akvam’ ın yetkisiz olduğuna dair hukuki görüş vermiştir.
Cemiyet-i Akvam’ ın 1.Genel Kurul toplantısı sırasında 18 Kasım 1920 tarihinde alınan bir karar ile Cemiyet-i Akvam Konseyi Ermenistan devletinin geleceğinin korunması ile görevlendirilmiştir. 16 Aralık 1920 tarihinde ise Ermenistan’ın Cemiyet-i Akvam’ a üyeliği ret edilmiştir.
4 Mart 1921 tarihinde Barış Konferansı Yüksek Konseyi, Türkiye’nin doğu sınırları içerisinde Türk Ermenileri için bir Ermeni Ulusal Evi’nin kurulması kararını almış ve Cemiyet-i Akvam tarafından oluşturulacak olan bir komisyon tarafından belirlenecek sınırları kabul ettiklerini açıklamışlardır. Cemiyet-i Akvam’ ın 2.Genel Kurulu’nun da 21 Eylül 1921 tarihinde Türkiye Ermenistan’ı olarak tarif edilen toprakları içerisinde, Türkiye’den bağımsız bir Ermeni Ulusal Evi’nin kurulması kararı alınır. Sadece Fransa bu karara çekince koyar.
Lozan Barış Konferansı öncesinde 25 Eylül 1922 tarihinde 3.Cemiyet-i Akvam Genel Kurulu’nda, Türkiye ile yapılacak olan Barış Antlaşması’nda Ermenilere bir Ulusal Ev’in sağlanmasının öncelikli olduğu dair bir karar alır ve Cemiyet-i Akvam Konsey’ini gerekli adımları atması konusunda görevlendirmiştir.
Cemiyet-i Akvam, kendisine üye olmayan 2 devlet arasında ki ilişkiler konusunda almış olduğu tüm kararlar kendi hukuk bölümünün verdiği yorum çerçevesinde hukuki dayanağı bulunmayan, politik kararlar olarak tarihe geçmiştir

By the Resolution 181, the UN General Assembly depowered the UN on any change of the frontiers or... more By the Resolution 181, the UN General Assembly depowered the UN on any change of the frontiers or the borders of the Palestinian State. Including the UN Security Council, the UN has no power to change the territory of the Palestinian State defined in the Resolution 181 of the UN General Assembly.