Prof. Sameer BAFAQEEH - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Prof. Sameer BAFAQEEH
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2017
Objectives:This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenoton... more Objectives:This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Method:The related literature was searched using PubMed and Proquest Central databases.Results:Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. Adenoidal hypertrophy results in the obstruction of nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, and blocks the clearance of nasal mucus. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with increased expression of various mediators of inflammatory responses in the tonsils, and respond to anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. Topical nasal steroids most likely affect the anatomical component by decreasing inspiratory upper airway resistance at the nasal, adenoidal or tonsillar levels. Corticosteroids, by their lympholytic or anti-inflammatory effects, might reduce adenotonsillar hyper...
Oto-Rhino-Laryngologia Nova, 1994
ABSTRACT
PubMed, Sep 30, 2023
This narrative review paper evaluates the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) technique in all aspects.... more This narrative review paper evaluates the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) technique in all aspects. The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and Proquest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, Google and Google Scholar databases. The advent of the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) approach has led to a radical shift in the mindset surrounding rhinoplasty procedures. K-area (keystone region) loss, lateral cartilage collapse, and nasal stenosis are all avoidable with preservation measures. The nasal bones, the superior lateral cartilage, the quadrilateral cartilage, and the perpendicular blade of the ethmoid meet at the point known as Zone K. The variety of problems that might develop due to carelessness in this area demonstrates the significance of maintaining the nose's stability and structure. The three components of a preservation rhinoplasty (PR) procedure are (1) preserving the scroll ligament complex by elevating the soft tissue envelope (STE) in a subperichondrial-subperiosteal plane, (2) preserving the nasal dorsum without creating an open roof deformity, and (3) preserving the alar cartilages and achieving the desired shape using sutures rather than excision. Dorsal preservation is one of the three components that make up PR. However, the two concepts are not synonymous. PR involves elevating a skin sleeve from the subperichondrial-subperiosteal plane, preserving the osteocartilaginous dorsum, maintaining the alar cartilages with minor excision and using sutures to achieve the desired form.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery, Oct 1, 1998
Alterations of nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty were studied both subjectively and ob... more Alterations of nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty were studied both subjectively and objectively. In a prospective study, 25 patients were included. All patients underwent open rhinoplasty using a middle columellar incision. Subjective questioning and objective testing of nasal sensibility using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were obtained preoperatively and both 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. The match-paired Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. At 3 weeks after surgery, there was subjective and significant objective alteration of sensibility in the area of skin supplied by the external nasal nerve (nasal tip and adjacent upper columella). This altered sensibility, however, recovered by 1 year after surgery. The recovery was thought to be due either to recovery of the external nasal nerve itself, or to collateral sprouting from the nerves supplying the adjacent areas of nasal skin.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 2018
The lips are an essential component of the symmetry and aesthetics of the face. Cosmetic surgery ... more The lips are an essential component of the symmetry and aesthetics of the face. Cosmetic surgery to modify the lips has recently gained in popularity, but the results are in some cases disasterous. In this review, we describe the features of the ideal lips for an individual's face. The features of the ideal lips with respect to facial anatomy, important anatomical landmarks of the face, the facial proportions of the lips and ethnic and sexual differences are described. The projection and relative sizes of the upper and lower lips are as significant to lip aesthetics as the proportion of the lips to the rest of the facial structure. Robust, pouty lips are considered to be sexually attractive by both males and females. Horizontal thirds and the golden ratio describe the proportions that contribute to the beauty and attractiveness of the lips. In young Caucasians, the ideal ratio of the vertical height of the upper lip to that of the lower lip is 1:1.6. Blacks, genetically, have a greater lip volume. The shape and volume of a person's lips are of great importance in the perception of beauty by humans. The appearance of the lips in part determines the attractiveness of a person's face. In females, fuller lips in relation to facial width as well as greater vermilion height are considered to be attractive. KEY WORDS: Lip • Ideal lip • Horizontal thirds • Golden ratio • da Vinci's classic proportions RIASSUNTO Le labbra sono una componente essenziale per la simmetria e l'estetica del viso. La chirurgia estetica delle labbra ha recentemento ottenuto grande popolarità, tuttavia i risultati in alcuni casi sono disastrosi. In questo lavoro di revisione, noi descriviamo le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali, quindi vengono elencate le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali nel rispetto dell'anatomia del viso, i punti di riferimento anatomici del viso, le giuste proporzioni delle labbra e le differenze in base al sesso e all'etnia. Le proiezioni e le relative misure del labbro superiore e inferiore sono importanti non solo per l'estetica delle labbra in sé, ma anche per le proporzioni del viso. Le labbra carnose sono considerate sensuali sia dal genere maschile sia da quello femminile. Le linee orizzontali (con le quali si può dividere un volto) e la "golden ratio" descrivono le proporzioni che contribuiscono alla bellezza e all'attratività delle labbra. Nei giovani caucasici, il rapporto ideale tra l'altezza del labbro superiore e quella del labbro inferiore è di 1:1,6. Gli individui di razza nera hanno, geneticamente, delle labbra molto grandi. La forma e il volume delle labbra di una persona sono di notevole importanza per la percezione di bellezza da parte degli altri individui. Le labbra pertanto sono determinanti per l'attrattività di una persona. Nelle donne, le labbra carnose, in relazione alla larghezza del viso, così come l'altezza del vermiglio, sono considerate attraenti.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Anaplastology, Aug 27, 2016
International Congress Series, 2003
Objective: This investigation tries to determine the current status of sensorineural hearing loss... more Objective: This investigation tries to determine the current status of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children from the provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) and to report on those with severe to profound SNHL who are in need of cochlear implants. Material and Methods: A comprehensive survey of 10,000 Saudi children was carried out. The subjects were randomly selected from the four main provinces of the country. The main objective was to screen these children for hearing impairment (HI). A questionnaire was completed, and clinical examination and audiological assessment were performed. The confirmed and doubtful cases were referred to the main hospital for further audiological and clinical assessment including CT scan and auditory brain stem response (ABR). Results: The overall prevalence of HI was 13% (1241 out of 9540). There were 68 (0.72%) with severe to profound (76-100-dB loss) HI. Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence rate of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss is high in our country compared to developed countries. Cochlear implant is a useful procedure for those with severe and profound SNHL, but hearing aids must be tried first. There is a need for more hearing and speech centers to be available for those in need of them, at least in the big cities in each province.
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 1995
Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppur... more Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Fifty eight (61.7%) children had hearing impairment. CSOM contributed to 71.6% of the hearing impaired (58/81). On analysis of association of CSOM with literacy and socio-economic status of mothers, and age, sex, and upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in children positive correlation was observed only with URIs (P < 0.001). Literacy and socio-economic status of the mothers did not correlate significantly with knowledge about treatment seeking, and ear cleaning practices, probably due to the narrow range of incomes and literacy levels. An intervention program consisting of play, demonstrations, health charts and slogans, and aural cleaning and antibiotic drops was introduced.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
All Around the Nose, 2019
Knowledge of surgical anatomy is critical to the success of septoplasty and rhinoplasty. In parti... more Knowledge of surgical anatomy is critical to the success of septoplasty and rhinoplasty. In particular, the anatomy of the nose and surrounding structures must be well known to surgeons. The nose consists of three basic components: the nasal framework, the support, and the external cover. The nasal framework consists of both the cartilage and bones. The nasal support is generated through tissue and ligaments that hold the intrinsic framework together, while the skin and soft tissues form the nasal external cover. Conservation or reconstruction of the normal anatomy and maintenance or restoration of the nasal airway are important in rhinoplasty operations. Dermal layer thickness is among the utmost essential elements in the preoperative assessment for rhinoplasty. The subcutaneous tissue, a crucial concern in rhinoplasty, is located within the dermis and the osseocartilage. The muscles of the nose are comprised of four major sets: compressors, elevators, dilators, and depressors. The...
All Around the Nose, 2019
The foundation and support of the nasal tip are based on the shape, strength, and location of the... more The foundation and support of the nasal tip are based on the shape, strength, and location of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC) as well as their association with the ligaments. In addition, the nasal tip is supported by the upper lateral nostril cartilage, septum, base, and pyriform aperture. Before surgery, an examination may shed light on nasal tip deformities, including primary and/or other imbalances. Iatrogenic injury to the nasal tip may reduce structural support. In addition, cephalic pruning of the LLCs, resection, dorsal reduction, nasal incisions, and/or base resections may contribute to a significant loss in tip protrusion. Open rhinoplasty may also result in tip diminution upon soft tissue disruption. The approach is important to surgically expose the skeletal structures. Open or closed surgical methods are useful for tip rhinoplasty. The selection is strategic and is based on the difficulty and the surgeon’s expertise. Non-delivery or delivery approaches are achieved. ...
All Around the Nose, Nov 6, 2019
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and can be separated ... more Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and can be separated into acute viral and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. It is frequently observed after viral rhinitis or common cold [1]. 22.1.1 Viral ARS Viral, post-viral, and acute bacterial ARS (ABRS) display significantly similar clinical presentation and inflammatory mechanism. Viral infection of the sinus cavity can cause numerous changes such as post-viral inflammation and epithelial damage, which enhance the susceptibility to bacterial infection [1]. The most common virus families that cause ARS are coronavirus and rhinovirus. Approximately 50% of common colds are caused by the human rhinovirus. Other viral offenders include parainfluenza, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and enterovirus [2].
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2017
Objectives:This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenoton... more Objectives:This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Method:The related literature was searched using PubMed and Proquest Central databases.Results:Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. Adenoidal hypertrophy results in the obstruction of nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, and blocks the clearance of nasal mucus. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with increased expression of various mediators of inflammatory responses in the tonsils, and respond to anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. Topical nasal steroids most likely affect the anatomical component by decreasing inspiratory upper airway resistance at the nasal, adenoidal or tonsillar levels. Corticosteroids, by their lympholytic or anti-inflammatory effects, might reduce adenotonsillar hyper...
Oto-Rhino-Laryngologia Nova, 1994
ABSTRACT
PubMed, Sep 30, 2023
This narrative review paper evaluates the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) technique in all aspects.... more This narrative review paper evaluates the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) technique in all aspects. The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and Proquest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, Google and Google Scholar databases. The advent of the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) approach has led to a radical shift in the mindset surrounding rhinoplasty procedures. K-area (keystone region) loss, lateral cartilage collapse, and nasal stenosis are all avoidable with preservation measures. The nasal bones, the superior lateral cartilage, the quadrilateral cartilage, and the perpendicular blade of the ethmoid meet at the point known as Zone K. The variety of problems that might develop due to carelessness in this area demonstrates the significance of maintaining the nose's stability and structure. The three components of a preservation rhinoplasty (PR) procedure are (1) preserving the scroll ligament complex by elevating the soft tissue envelope (STE) in a subperichondrial-subperiosteal plane, (2) preserving the nasal dorsum without creating an open roof deformity, and (3) preserving the alar cartilages and achieving the desired shape using sutures rather than excision. Dorsal preservation is one of the three components that make up PR. However, the two concepts are not synonymous. PR involves elevating a skin sleeve from the subperichondrial-subperiosteal plane, preserving the osteocartilaginous dorsum, maintaining the alar cartilages with minor excision and using sutures to achieve the desired form.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery, Oct 1, 1998
Alterations of nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty were studied both subjectively and ob... more Alterations of nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty were studied both subjectively and objectively. In a prospective study, 25 patients were included. All patients underwent open rhinoplasty using a middle columellar incision. Subjective questioning and objective testing of nasal sensibility using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were obtained preoperatively and both 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. The match-paired Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. At 3 weeks after surgery, there was subjective and significant objective alteration of sensibility in the area of skin supplied by the external nasal nerve (nasal tip and adjacent upper columella). This altered sensibility, however, recovered by 1 year after surgery. The recovery was thought to be due either to recovery of the external nasal nerve itself, or to collateral sprouting from the nerves supplying the adjacent areas of nasal skin.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 2018
The lips are an essential component of the symmetry and aesthetics of the face. Cosmetic surgery ... more The lips are an essential component of the symmetry and aesthetics of the face. Cosmetic surgery to modify the lips has recently gained in popularity, but the results are in some cases disasterous. In this review, we describe the features of the ideal lips for an individual's face. The features of the ideal lips with respect to facial anatomy, important anatomical landmarks of the face, the facial proportions of the lips and ethnic and sexual differences are described. The projection and relative sizes of the upper and lower lips are as significant to lip aesthetics as the proportion of the lips to the rest of the facial structure. Robust, pouty lips are considered to be sexually attractive by both males and females. Horizontal thirds and the golden ratio describe the proportions that contribute to the beauty and attractiveness of the lips. In young Caucasians, the ideal ratio of the vertical height of the upper lip to that of the lower lip is 1:1.6. Blacks, genetically, have a greater lip volume. The shape and volume of a person's lips are of great importance in the perception of beauty by humans. The appearance of the lips in part determines the attractiveness of a person's face. In females, fuller lips in relation to facial width as well as greater vermilion height are considered to be attractive. KEY WORDS: Lip • Ideal lip • Horizontal thirds • Golden ratio • da Vinci's classic proportions RIASSUNTO Le labbra sono una componente essenziale per la simmetria e l'estetica del viso. La chirurgia estetica delle labbra ha recentemento ottenuto grande popolarità, tuttavia i risultati in alcuni casi sono disastrosi. In questo lavoro di revisione, noi descriviamo le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali, quindi vengono elencate le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali nel rispetto dell'anatomia del viso, i punti di riferimento anatomici del viso, le giuste proporzioni delle labbra e le differenze in base al sesso e all'etnia. Le proiezioni e le relative misure del labbro superiore e inferiore sono importanti non solo per l'estetica delle labbra in sé, ma anche per le proporzioni del viso. Le labbra carnose sono considerate sensuali sia dal genere maschile sia da quello femminile. Le linee orizzontali (con le quali si può dividere un volto) e la "golden ratio" descrivono le proporzioni che contribuiscono alla bellezza e all'attratività delle labbra. Nei giovani caucasici, il rapporto ideale tra l'altezza del labbro superiore e quella del labbro inferiore è di 1:1,6. Gli individui di razza nera hanno, geneticamente, delle labbra molto grandi. La forma e il volume delle labbra di una persona sono di notevole importanza per la percezione di bellezza da parte degli altri individui. Le labbra pertanto sono determinanti per l'attrattività di una persona. Nelle donne, le labbra carnose, in relazione alla larghezza del viso, così come l'altezza del vermiglio, sono considerate attraenti.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Anaplastology, Aug 27, 2016
International Congress Series, 2003
Objective: This investigation tries to determine the current status of sensorineural hearing loss... more Objective: This investigation tries to determine the current status of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children from the provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) and to report on those with severe to profound SNHL who are in need of cochlear implants. Material and Methods: A comprehensive survey of 10,000 Saudi children was carried out. The subjects were randomly selected from the four main provinces of the country. The main objective was to screen these children for hearing impairment (HI). A questionnaire was completed, and clinical examination and audiological assessment were performed. The confirmed and doubtful cases were referred to the main hospital for further audiological and clinical assessment including CT scan and auditory brain stem response (ABR). Results: The overall prevalence of HI was 13% (1241 out of 9540). There were 68 (0.72%) with severe to profound (76-100-dB loss) HI. Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence rate of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss is high in our country compared to developed countries. Cochlear implant is a useful procedure for those with severe and profound SNHL, but hearing aids must be tried first. There is a need for more hearing and speech centers to be available for those in need of them, at least in the big cities in each province.
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 1995
Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppur... more Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Fifty eight (61.7%) children had hearing impairment. CSOM contributed to 71.6% of the hearing impaired (58/81). On analysis of association of CSOM with literacy and socio-economic status of mothers, and age, sex, and upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in children positive correlation was observed only with URIs (P < 0.001). Literacy and socio-economic status of the mothers did not correlate significantly with knowledge about treatment seeking, and ear cleaning practices, probably due to the narrow range of incomes and literacy levels. An intervention program consisting of play, demonstrations, health charts and slogans, and aural cleaning and antibiotic drops was introduced.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
All Around the Nose, 2019
Knowledge of surgical anatomy is critical to the success of septoplasty and rhinoplasty. In parti... more Knowledge of surgical anatomy is critical to the success of septoplasty and rhinoplasty. In particular, the anatomy of the nose and surrounding structures must be well known to surgeons. The nose consists of three basic components: the nasal framework, the support, and the external cover. The nasal framework consists of both the cartilage and bones. The nasal support is generated through tissue and ligaments that hold the intrinsic framework together, while the skin and soft tissues form the nasal external cover. Conservation or reconstruction of the normal anatomy and maintenance or restoration of the nasal airway are important in rhinoplasty operations. Dermal layer thickness is among the utmost essential elements in the preoperative assessment for rhinoplasty. The subcutaneous tissue, a crucial concern in rhinoplasty, is located within the dermis and the osseocartilage. The muscles of the nose are comprised of four major sets: compressors, elevators, dilators, and depressors. The...
All Around the Nose, 2019
The foundation and support of the nasal tip are based on the shape, strength, and location of the... more The foundation and support of the nasal tip are based on the shape, strength, and location of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC) as well as their association with the ligaments. In addition, the nasal tip is supported by the upper lateral nostril cartilage, septum, base, and pyriform aperture. Before surgery, an examination may shed light on nasal tip deformities, including primary and/or other imbalances. Iatrogenic injury to the nasal tip may reduce structural support. In addition, cephalic pruning of the LLCs, resection, dorsal reduction, nasal incisions, and/or base resections may contribute to a significant loss in tip protrusion. Open rhinoplasty may also result in tip diminution upon soft tissue disruption. The approach is important to surgically expose the skeletal structures. Open or closed surgical methods are useful for tip rhinoplasty. The selection is strategic and is based on the difficulty and the surgeon’s expertise. Non-delivery or delivery approaches are achieved. ...
All Around the Nose, Nov 6, 2019
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and can be separated ... more Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane and can be separated into acute viral and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. It is frequently observed after viral rhinitis or common cold [1]. 22.1.1 Viral ARS Viral, post-viral, and acute bacterial ARS (ABRS) display significantly similar clinical presentation and inflammatory mechanism. Viral infection of the sinus cavity can cause numerous changes such as post-viral inflammation and epithelial damage, which enhance the susceptibility to bacterial infection [1]. The most common virus families that cause ARS are coronavirus and rhinovirus. Approximately 50% of common colds are caused by the human rhinovirus. Other viral offenders include parainfluenza, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and enterovirus [2].
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery