Profesore Salem Mohamed Edrah M O H A M E D Edrah (original) (raw)

Papers by Profesore Salem Mohamed Edrah M O H A M E D Edrah

Journal of Basic Sciences (JBS), 2024

Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynt... more Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynthis (C.colocynthis) is one example, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. This plant has been utilized for conditions such as skin infections, constipation, cancer, diabetes, women's health problems, and respiratory illnesses. It contains numerous beneficial compounds. Researchers have extracted different chemicals from the plant's
aqueous extract. The C.colocynthis leaves underwent chemical and botanical analysis. A phytochemical examination identified the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and phytosteroids. Furthermore, the plant's composition was analyzed using GC-MS techniques. C. colocynthis is known for its antibacterial effects. The researchers investigated how the extract from C.colocynthis leaves interacted with three antibiotics at specific levels: tetracycline (30 mg/ml), chloramphenicol (34 mg/ml), and gentamicin (50 mg/ml). They employed the disc diffusion technique to evaluate the extract effectiveness against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus,. The study assessed the extract capacity to inhibit growth compared to standard antibiotics.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis plant, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical, Medicinal Plants.

Journal of Basic Sciences (JBS), 2024

Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynt... more Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynthis (C.colocynthis) is one example, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. This plant has been utilized for conditions such as skin infections, constipation, cancer, diabetes, women's health problems, and respiratory illnesses. It contains numerous beneficial compounds. Researchers have extracted different chemicals from the plant's aqueous extract. The C.colocynthis leaves underwent chemical and botanical analysis. A phytochemical examination identified the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and phytosteroids. Furthermore, the plant's composition was analyzed using GC-MS techniques. C. colocynthis is known for its antibacterial effects. The researchers investigated how the extract from C.colocynthis leaves interacted with three antibiotics at specific levels: tetracycline (30 mg/ml), chloramphenicol (34 mg/ml), and gentamicin (50 mg/ml). They employed the disc diffusion technique to evaluate the extract effectiveness against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus,. The study assessed the extract's capacity to inhibit growth compared to standard antibiotics.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis plant, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical, Medicinal
Plants.

Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University, 2024

Marrubium vulgare L., a remarkable medicinal herb, has been used for centuries to capably treat v... more Marrubium vulgare L., a remarkable medicinal herb, has been used for
centuries to capably treat various ailments, including coughs, colds, and
digestive issues. Renowned for its expectorant, diaphoretic, and antiinflammatory properties, this precious herb has become a cornerstone of
traditional medicine worldwide. In this study, the productivity of the
ethanolic extract was an impressive 33.69%, while the aqueous extract
showcased a still remarkable 14.5%. The pH levels confirmed the
ethanolic extract at 4.02 and the aqueous extract at. 6.61. Phytochemical
screening exposed the existence of beneficial compounds, such as
alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, and terpenes in both
extracts. It is noteworthy that the ethanolic extract exhibited a higher
presence of tannins, which were not found in the aqueous extract. In
contrast, the ethanolic extract did not contain phenols, whereas the
aqueous extract contained a significant amount of these compounds. To
further explore the biological potential of these extracts, this study was
conducted on their activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The findings
revealed that the aqueous extract's astounding inhibition zones, measured
at 19 mm and 17 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The
ethanolic extract also exhibited noteworthy results, with inhibition zones
of 16 mm and 18 mm against E. coli and S. aureus correspondingly.
Clearly, Marrubium vulgare L. is a truly remarkable herb with immense
medicinal value.
Keywords: Marrubium vulgare L., Phytochemical
Screening, Biological Potential

Journal of Current Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Natural compounds screened in plants with potency have protective activities contrary to knowledg... more Natural compounds screened in plants with potency have protective activities contrary to knowledge and memory deficiency and other alternative. Accordingly, in response to improve and utilize this traditional medicine as a clinical remedy for instance cultivating cognition deficits, the pharmacology and manner of action of its active components must be supplementary considered. Thus, the medicinal plants of the most important strategic resources in the pharmaceutical industry are mainly important in the production. Known medicinal plant is plant that contains one or more of the numerous associates on chemical substances, one or more and low or high in concentration, and it has biological ability to inhibit or at any rate reduce the symptoms of the disease. Some medicinal plants such as Dracaena cinnabari, Verbena officinal, Polygala tenuifolia and Linux usitatissimum were studied to obtain more usefulness and lead to preferable treatment. Overall, the extracts of plants revealed significant activity on the bacterial species. Plants extracts selectively inhibited the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 14 mm at concentrations of 50 mg/mL. It can be concluded that the activity showed by the ethanolic extract of the plants is a result of the phytochemicals present in plants and these plants seems to be good applicants for further phytochemicals studies in an attempt to find new chemical entities combating resistant bacteria.

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Oct 29, 2013

International journal of chemistry studies, Jul 1, 2018

The set of mono azo dyes having in ortho position to tje azo group thiol, methylthio or methoxy g... more The set of mono azo dyes having in ortho position to tje azo group thiol, methylthio or methoxy group was prepared in the present work. The structure of these dyes was confirmed by MS and NMR spectra.Katedra technologie organických látekDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2022

This plant is considered safe as mentioned from clinical studies on this plant, that is, by orall... more This plant is considered safe as mentioned from clinical studies on this plant, that is, by orally taking 5 grams of its oil oral daily for a period of several weeks, up to 12 weeks [6-11]. Also mentioned by one of the previous studies of the symptoms of people infected with the Coronavirus, where their different symptoms appeared, ranging from severe to mild, that the most common fever was about 98% of them, while 76% of the symp

International journal of chemical science, Nov 1, 2017

International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, Sep 27, 2017

Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Genista microcephala were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. ... more Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Genista microcephala were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of their chemical constituents were considered and showed in comprehensive encouraging results. Rosmarinus officinalis is a spice and medicinal herb widely used around the world. Accordingly, Genista microcephala phytochemicals activity of plant extracts and antimicrobial also was assessed with antibiotic susceptible and resistant microorganisms. In addition, the potential synergistic effects when associated with antibiotics were studied. Furthermore, the crude extract of plants evaluated antimicrobial activities were related with antibiotic insecure and resistant microorganisms. Whatever are more the potential synergistic effects when related with antibiotics were considered, and the crude extracts of both plants exhibited abundant antimicrobial potentials that are the aim of this study.

Biofarmasi : Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry, Aug 1, 2017

Edrah SM. 2017. Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgari... more Edrah SM. 2017. Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extracts and correlation with their phytochemical profiles. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 96-99. The ethanol extracts of leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea were studied for antimicrobial activity at 10 mg/mL concentrations by using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; three gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one fungi: Candida albicans were used in the study. After incubation for 24 hrs, the zone of inhibition was compared with standard antibiotics Gentamycin (10 μg/disc) which was used as positive control. From the dose-dependent study, it was concluded that the ethanol extract of A. vulgaris was more potential than leave extract of P. oleracea. Almost all of the chemical ingredients present in both ethanol extracts such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols which may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity.

Proceedings of The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Oct 31, 2010

Urea, a naturally occurring compound, became the first organic compound which was synthesized in ... more Urea, a naturally occurring compound, became the first organic compound which was synthesized in lab by Wohler in 1928, and played important physiological and biological roles in animal kingdom. Synthesis of urea became a revolutionary step in the history of synthetically organic chemistry. [1]. et al explained its use as topical drug; urea is absolutely none toxic, undesirable actions occur if skin state and concentration of urea are on a misbalance. It is most valuable substance for restoring hydration in skin and in eczemas due to skin dryness.

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, May 1, 2022

Objectives: Extraction of oil from Linum u. seeds, investigating, characterizing of this oil by u... more Objectives: Extraction of oil from Linum u. seeds, investigating, characterizing of this oil by using chemical and extensive spectroscopic methodologies. Methods: The oil constituents were isolated by using the Soxhlet Apparatus Extractor in n-hexane as a solvent, and diagnosis, characterization by the Gas Chromatography Technique (GC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), FTIR, H 1 , C 13 NMR, Oil Thermal Analysis (DSC) and Determination of Solid Fat Content (SFC %). Results: The percentage yield of oil content of Linum u. was 39%. The Physiochemical Properties, the acid value was 4.4 mg/g, Free Fatty Acid content (FFA %) free oleic acid was 2.2%, the average molecular weight value was 848 and the density of oil ranged from 0.89 g/cm 3. According to triacylglycerols profiles (TAG)s in the oil were polyunsaturated of

Alternative & Integrative Medicine, Sep 22, 2014

P olygonum maritimum and Olea europaea are the useful plants used in folk medicines for the treat... more P olygonum maritimum and Olea europaea are the useful plants used in folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was conducted to examine preliminary phytochemicals screening of aqueous and ethanlolic leaves extracts and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of both plants. The qualitative phytochemical studies of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants leaves were carried out using standard testing procedures for metabolites viz. tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Polygonum maritimum showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides metabolites, however, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Olea europaea exhibited the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides metabolites. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaves extract of both plants was tested using Gram positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and Gram negative bacterial strains (Proteus vulgaris, Eschericia coli, Citrobactor freundii). In general, the extracts of both plants exhibited considerable activity on the bacterial species. Both plants extracts selectively inhibited the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 8 mm to 11 mm at concentrations of 50 mg/ml. Present findings suggest that Polygonum and Olive leaves extracts exhibit antibacterial effect against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and these plants seems to be considered for detailed investigation in an attempt to find out the chemical entities combating against pathogenic microorganisms.

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2022

Plants are a source of a great abundance of drugs including several groups such as antimicrobials... more Plants are a source of a great abundance of drugs including several groups such as antimicrobials, anticancer, antispasmodics, etc. A large number of the plants are own antibiotic characteristics in conventional usage and are also utilised widely by the tribal people extensive. Objectives: Thyme is one of the vital plants around the world because it contains various essential secondary metabolites which are considered as bioactive ingredients for the remedy of several diseases. The present study aimed to a qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of RE, preparation of a boiled mixture of thyme leaves and goat's milk TMGT as a traditional drug, and examination of the biological activity of each of RE and TMGT against some sorts of pathogenic bacteria. Methodology: Preparation of Thyme-Milk Goat's Treatment (TMGT): where fresh wild thyme leaves were added to fresh goat's milk, and mixed very well, followed by added virgin olives oil with well mixing, and boiled a while, a thick, yellowish-oily liquid {Thyme-Milk Goat's Treatment (TMGT)} was obtained. Preparation of Thyme Aqueous Raw Extract (RE): Where a coarsely fine powdered of thyme leaves was extracted with appropriated solvent by using soxhlet extractor apparatus. Results: Percentage Yields: The percentage yields of RE were 89%, while the pH for RE and TGMT were 6.7 and 7.3, individually, and the acid value of raw goat's milk was 6.7g. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening: The preliminary phytochemical screening of thyme aqueous crude extract revealed the presence of plentiful amounts of bioactive ingredients, which are tannins, phenols, Fats and Fixed oils, Amino acids alkaloid, flavonoids and steroids and triterpenoids. Quantitative Phytochemical Investigation: The percentage yields obtained from the leaves regarding quantitative phytochemical investigation were 81, 72 and 90 % for Flavonoids Alkaloids and Saponins, separately. Antibacterial: The thyme aqueous raw extract (RE) was tested against each of the bacterial; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus au

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2017

Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) is rapidly increasing across the globe. This increasing number of r... more Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) is rapidly increasing across the globe. This increasing number of reports on continued emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs makes the physicians to know periodic monitoring of the emergence of resistance in the microorganisms in their local area. Development of resistance is not only in bacteria and also in some fungus. This study was conducted at the Central laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Al-khoms teaching hospital, Al-Khoms, Libya. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from the samples arrived to the laboratory. Frequently isolated bacteria and fungi were taken for this study. Antibacterial susceptibility test was carried out in Mueller hinton agar and antifungal activity study was done with Sabouraud dextrose agar. The antimicrobial drugs were selected based on the availability and prescription frequency of these drugs in the study area. Combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulonic acid (Augumentine) shows highest antibacterial effect on most of the studied bacteria. In fungal study, Euconazole has more antifungal effect on both Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

International Journal of Sciences, 2015

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of... more Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of Bombax ceiba. Aqueous and ethanolic extractions methods were adopted following standard procedures. Bioactive compounds were tested using standard methods of screening while quantification was done using gravimetric and spectroscopic approach. Result indicated the presence of saponnin, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids in the leaf. The leaf organ lacked reducing sugar, anthraquinone, steroids and glycosides in the ethanolic extract. The major active principles present in the leaf were absent in the stem except flavonoid and phlobatannins. The roots however contained only reducing sugar and saponins among the constituents screened. The leaf was made up of 5.04% saponnins, 0.18% steroids and 3.1% flavonoids. The saponnin content of the root was 1.37% and 1.04% respectively. The stem bark had 1.52% alkaloids. Based on this finding, the leaf is the most important organ of medicinal importance in terms of quality and quantity of bioactive compounds present. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2016

Phytochemical screening is an important step which principals to the isolation of some compounds.... more Phytochemical screening is an important step which principals to the isolation of some compounds. Concluded using different organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform and acetone otherwise using aqueous extracts of leave of Ephedra (Ephedra altissima), The chemical constituents (Qualitative and Quantities analysis) all most presented in crude extracts of plant (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides and Alkaloids) formerly Steroids; Terpenoids and Anthraquinones not presented in some crude extracts were considered. Moreover, results proved that quantities analysis of ethanolic extract of leaves had significant amount of chemical compounds 87% moreover the aqueous crude extract were moderate 82% and the Chloroform 79% and acetone extracts 77% were lowliest.

Journal of Basic Sciences (JBS), 2024

Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynt... more Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynthis (C.colocynthis) is one example, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. This plant has been utilized for conditions such as skin infections, constipation, cancer, diabetes, women's health problems, and respiratory illnesses. It contains numerous beneficial compounds. Researchers have extracted different chemicals from the plant's
aqueous extract. The C.colocynthis leaves underwent chemical and botanical analysis. A phytochemical examination identified the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and phytosteroids. Furthermore, the plant's composition was analyzed using GC-MS techniques. C. colocynthis is known for its antibacterial effects. The researchers investigated how the extract from C.colocynthis leaves interacted with three antibiotics at specific levels: tetracycline (30 mg/ml), chloramphenicol (34 mg/ml), and gentamicin (50 mg/ml). They employed the disc diffusion technique to evaluate the extract effectiveness against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus,. The study assessed the extract capacity to inhibit growth compared to standard antibiotics.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis plant, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical, Medicinal Plants.

Journal of Basic Sciences (JBS), 2024

Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynt... more Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Citrullus colocynthis (C.colocynthis) is one example, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. This plant has been utilized for conditions such as skin infections, constipation, cancer, diabetes, women's health problems, and respiratory illnesses. It contains numerous beneficial compounds. Researchers have extracted different chemicals from the plant's aqueous extract. The C.colocynthis leaves underwent chemical and botanical analysis. A phytochemical examination identified the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and phytosteroids. Furthermore, the plant's composition was analyzed using GC-MS techniques. C. colocynthis is known for its antibacterial effects. The researchers investigated how the extract from C.colocynthis leaves interacted with three antibiotics at specific levels: tetracycline (30 mg/ml), chloramphenicol (34 mg/ml), and gentamicin (50 mg/ml). They employed the disc diffusion technique to evaluate the extract effectiveness against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus,. The study assessed the extract's capacity to inhibit growth compared to standard antibiotics.
Keywords: Citrullus colocynthis plant, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical, Medicinal
Plants.

Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University, 2024

Marrubium vulgare L., a remarkable medicinal herb, has been used for centuries to capably treat v... more Marrubium vulgare L., a remarkable medicinal herb, has been used for
centuries to capably treat various ailments, including coughs, colds, and
digestive issues. Renowned for its expectorant, diaphoretic, and antiinflammatory properties, this precious herb has become a cornerstone of
traditional medicine worldwide. In this study, the productivity of the
ethanolic extract was an impressive 33.69%, while the aqueous extract
showcased a still remarkable 14.5%. The pH levels confirmed the
ethanolic extract at 4.02 and the aqueous extract at. 6.61. Phytochemical
screening exposed the existence of beneficial compounds, such as
alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, and terpenes in both
extracts. It is noteworthy that the ethanolic extract exhibited a higher
presence of tannins, which were not found in the aqueous extract. In
contrast, the ethanolic extract did not contain phenols, whereas the
aqueous extract contained a significant amount of these compounds. To
further explore the biological potential of these extracts, this study was
conducted on their activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The findings
revealed that the aqueous extract's astounding inhibition zones, measured
at 19 mm and 17 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The
ethanolic extract also exhibited noteworthy results, with inhibition zones
of 16 mm and 18 mm against E. coli and S. aureus correspondingly.
Clearly, Marrubium vulgare L. is a truly remarkable herb with immense
medicinal value.
Keywords: Marrubium vulgare L., Phytochemical
Screening, Biological Potential

Journal of Current Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Natural compounds screened in plants with potency have protective activities contrary to knowledg... more Natural compounds screened in plants with potency have protective activities contrary to knowledge and memory deficiency and other alternative. Accordingly, in response to improve and utilize this traditional medicine as a clinical remedy for instance cultivating cognition deficits, the pharmacology and manner of action of its active components must be supplementary considered. Thus, the medicinal plants of the most important strategic resources in the pharmaceutical industry are mainly important in the production. Known medicinal plant is plant that contains one or more of the numerous associates on chemical substances, one or more and low or high in concentration, and it has biological ability to inhibit or at any rate reduce the symptoms of the disease. Some medicinal plants such as Dracaena cinnabari, Verbena officinal, Polygala tenuifolia and Linux usitatissimum were studied to obtain more usefulness and lead to preferable treatment. Overall, the extracts of plants revealed significant activity on the bacterial species. Plants extracts selectively inhibited the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 14 mm at concentrations of 50 mg/mL. It can be concluded that the activity showed by the ethanolic extract of the plants is a result of the phytochemicals present in plants and these plants seems to be good applicants for further phytochemicals studies in an attempt to find new chemical entities combating resistant bacteria.

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Oct 29, 2013

International journal of chemistry studies, Jul 1, 2018

The set of mono azo dyes having in ortho position to tje azo group thiol, methylthio or methoxy g... more The set of mono azo dyes having in ortho position to tje azo group thiol, methylthio or methoxy group was prepared in the present work. The structure of these dyes was confirmed by MS and NMR spectra.Katedra technologie organických látekDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2022

This plant is considered safe as mentioned from clinical studies on this plant, that is, by orall... more This plant is considered safe as mentioned from clinical studies on this plant, that is, by orally taking 5 grams of its oil oral daily for a period of several weeks, up to 12 weeks [6-11]. Also mentioned by one of the previous studies of the symptoms of people infected with the Coronavirus, where their different symptoms appeared, ranging from severe to mild, that the most common fever was about 98% of them, while 76% of the symp

International journal of chemical science, Nov 1, 2017

International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, Sep 27, 2017

Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Genista microcephala were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. ... more Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Genista microcephala were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of their chemical constituents were considered and showed in comprehensive encouraging results. Rosmarinus officinalis is a spice and medicinal herb widely used around the world. Accordingly, Genista microcephala phytochemicals activity of plant extracts and antimicrobial also was assessed with antibiotic susceptible and resistant microorganisms. In addition, the potential synergistic effects when associated with antibiotics were studied. Furthermore, the crude extract of plants evaluated antimicrobial activities were related with antibiotic insecure and resistant microorganisms. Whatever are more the potential synergistic effects when related with antibiotics were considered, and the crude extracts of both plants exhibited abundant antimicrobial potentials that are the aim of this study.

Biofarmasi : Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry, Aug 1, 2017

Edrah SM. 2017. Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgari... more Edrah SM. 2017. Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extracts and correlation with their phytochemical profiles. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 96-99. The ethanol extracts of leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea were studied for antimicrobial activity at 10 mg/mL concentrations by using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; three gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one fungi: Candida albicans were used in the study. After incubation for 24 hrs, the zone of inhibition was compared with standard antibiotics Gentamycin (10 μg/disc) which was used as positive control. From the dose-dependent study, it was concluded that the ethanol extract of A. vulgaris was more potential than leave extract of P. oleracea. Almost all of the chemical ingredients present in both ethanol extracts such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols which may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity.

Proceedings of The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Oct 31, 2010

Urea, a naturally occurring compound, became the first organic compound which was synthesized in ... more Urea, a naturally occurring compound, became the first organic compound which was synthesized in lab by Wohler in 1928, and played important physiological and biological roles in animal kingdom. Synthesis of urea became a revolutionary step in the history of synthetically organic chemistry. [1]. et al explained its use as topical drug; urea is absolutely none toxic, undesirable actions occur if skin state and concentration of urea are on a misbalance. It is most valuable substance for restoring hydration in skin and in eczemas due to skin dryness.

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, May 1, 2022

Objectives: Extraction of oil from Linum u. seeds, investigating, characterizing of this oil by u... more Objectives: Extraction of oil from Linum u. seeds, investigating, characterizing of this oil by using chemical and extensive spectroscopic methodologies. Methods: The oil constituents were isolated by using the Soxhlet Apparatus Extractor in n-hexane as a solvent, and diagnosis, characterization by the Gas Chromatography Technique (GC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), FTIR, H 1 , C 13 NMR, Oil Thermal Analysis (DSC) and Determination of Solid Fat Content (SFC %). Results: The percentage yield of oil content of Linum u. was 39%. The Physiochemical Properties, the acid value was 4.4 mg/g, Free Fatty Acid content (FFA %) free oleic acid was 2.2%, the average molecular weight value was 848 and the density of oil ranged from 0.89 g/cm 3. According to triacylglycerols profiles (TAG)s in the oil were polyunsaturated of

Alternative & Integrative Medicine, Sep 22, 2014

P olygonum maritimum and Olea europaea are the useful plants used in folk medicines for the treat... more P olygonum maritimum and Olea europaea are the useful plants used in folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was conducted to examine preliminary phytochemicals screening of aqueous and ethanlolic leaves extracts and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of both plants. The qualitative phytochemical studies of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants leaves were carried out using standard testing procedures for metabolites viz. tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Polygonum maritimum showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides metabolites, however, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Olea europaea exhibited the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides metabolites. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaves extract of both plants was tested using Gram positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and Gram negative bacterial strains (Proteus vulgaris, Eschericia coli, Citrobactor freundii). In general, the extracts of both plants exhibited considerable activity on the bacterial species. Both plants extracts selectively inhibited the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 8 mm to 11 mm at concentrations of 50 mg/ml. Present findings suggest that Polygonum and Olive leaves extracts exhibit antibacterial effect against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and these plants seems to be considered for detailed investigation in an attempt to find out the chemical entities combating against pathogenic microorganisms.

Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2022

Plants are a source of a great abundance of drugs including several groups such as antimicrobials... more Plants are a source of a great abundance of drugs including several groups such as antimicrobials, anticancer, antispasmodics, etc. A large number of the plants are own antibiotic characteristics in conventional usage and are also utilised widely by the tribal people extensive. Objectives: Thyme is one of the vital plants around the world because it contains various essential secondary metabolites which are considered as bioactive ingredients for the remedy of several diseases. The present study aimed to a qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of RE, preparation of a boiled mixture of thyme leaves and goat's milk TMGT as a traditional drug, and examination of the biological activity of each of RE and TMGT against some sorts of pathogenic bacteria. Methodology: Preparation of Thyme-Milk Goat's Treatment (TMGT): where fresh wild thyme leaves were added to fresh goat's milk, and mixed very well, followed by added virgin olives oil with well mixing, and boiled a while, a thick, yellowish-oily liquid {Thyme-Milk Goat's Treatment (TMGT)} was obtained. Preparation of Thyme Aqueous Raw Extract (RE): Where a coarsely fine powdered of thyme leaves was extracted with appropriated solvent by using soxhlet extractor apparatus. Results: Percentage Yields: The percentage yields of RE were 89%, while the pH for RE and TGMT were 6.7 and 7.3, individually, and the acid value of raw goat's milk was 6.7g. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening: The preliminary phytochemical screening of thyme aqueous crude extract revealed the presence of plentiful amounts of bioactive ingredients, which are tannins, phenols, Fats and Fixed oils, Amino acids alkaloid, flavonoids and steroids and triterpenoids. Quantitative Phytochemical Investigation: The percentage yields obtained from the leaves regarding quantitative phytochemical investigation were 81, 72 and 90 % for Flavonoids Alkaloids and Saponins, separately. Antibacterial: The thyme aqueous raw extract (RE) was tested against each of the bacterial; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus au

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2017

Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) is rapidly increasing across the globe. This increasing number of r... more Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) is rapidly increasing across the globe. This increasing number of reports on continued emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs makes the physicians to know periodic monitoring of the emergence of resistance in the microorganisms in their local area. Development of resistance is not only in bacteria and also in some fungus. This study was conducted at the Central laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Al-khoms teaching hospital, Al-Khoms, Libya. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from the samples arrived to the laboratory. Frequently isolated bacteria and fungi were taken for this study. Antibacterial susceptibility test was carried out in Mueller hinton agar and antifungal activity study was done with Sabouraud dextrose agar. The antimicrobial drugs were selected based on the availability and prescription frequency of these drugs in the study area. Combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulonic acid (Augumentine) shows highest antibacterial effect on most of the studied bacteria. In fungal study, Euconazole has more antifungal effect on both Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

International Journal of Sciences, 2015

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of... more Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of Bombax ceiba. Aqueous and ethanolic extractions methods were adopted following standard procedures. Bioactive compounds were tested using standard methods of screening while quantification was done using gravimetric and spectroscopic approach. Result indicated the presence of saponnin, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids in the leaf. The leaf organ lacked reducing sugar, anthraquinone, steroids and glycosides in the ethanolic extract. The major active principles present in the leaf were absent in the stem except flavonoid and phlobatannins. The roots however contained only reducing sugar and saponins among the constituents screened. The leaf was made up of 5.04% saponnins, 0.18% steroids and 3.1% flavonoids. The saponnin content of the root was 1.37% and 1.04% respectively. The stem bark had 1.52% alkaloids. Based on this finding, the leaf is the most important organ of medicinal importance in terms of quality and quantity of bioactive compounds present. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2016

Phytochemical screening is an important step which principals to the isolation of some compounds.... more Phytochemical screening is an important step which principals to the isolation of some compounds. Concluded using different organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform and acetone otherwise using aqueous extracts of leave of Ephedra (Ephedra altissima), The chemical constituents (Qualitative and Quantities analysis) all most presented in crude extracts of plant (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides and Alkaloids) formerly Steroids; Terpenoids and Anthraquinones not presented in some crude extracts were considered. Moreover, results proved that quantities analysis of ethanolic extract of leaves had significant amount of chemical compounds 87% moreover the aqueous crude extract were moderate 82% and the Chloroform 79% and acetone extracts 77% were lowliest.