Rodel Carating - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rodel Carating
The integration of GIS symbology used by the Cartographic Operations Division and the Integrated ... more The integration of GIS symbology used by the Cartographic Operations Division and the Integrated Soil Resources Information Service, Bureau of Soils and Water Management. These two are eventually merged as Geomatics and Soil Information Technology Division during the 2015 rationalization.
INTRODUCTION Agricultural production has become increasingly precarious. Weather patterns become ... more INTRODUCTION Agricultural production has become increasingly precarious. Weather patterns become more uncertain due to climate change while global markets fluctuate under increased demands for agricultural products. As a result, agrarian communities are facing considerable economic and environmental risks. Intensive agricultural production has also its consequence in terms of soil nutrient depletion. The marginal mountain footslope farmers of the island province of Camiguin are chronically poor rural communities, typically surviving on degraded lands where they construct precarious livelihoods on a limited natural resource base. Efforts to improve their economic base must be geared towards enhancing food security with initiatives that promote social and ecological resilience in the face of increasing land degradation, biodiversity decline, climatic and economic stresses. Focusing on resilience requires a broadening of the understanding and practice of adaption to deal with complex and changing systems, especially in the context of land degradation, biodiversity decline, and climate change. It requires a shift from short‐term emergency response to long‐term planning and preparedness. This paper presents the culmination of 3‐year model organic farming village established by the Philippine consortium of the Asian Network for Sustainable Organic Farming Technology (ANSOFT) as one of the projects of the Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI) in a joint work program among eleven member countries. The network will contribute to the communication, knowledge transfer and new organic technology development. The Philippine project is established in Mindanao because of the largest number of organic farming practitioners are here; and thereby the Mindanao Sustainable Organic Farming System (MINSOFS) was established as the network of networks under AFACI‐ANSOFT Phase I for the consolidation and dissemination of sustainable organic farming technologies practiced in the island. The Kalingatunga Upland Sustainable Farming Stewardship Association (KUSSA), one of the original members of MINSOFS, was selected to spearhead the development of model organic farming village under AFACI-ANSOFT Phase II.
This study was conducted to provide baseline data essential for land use planning at barangay lev... more This study was conducted to provide baseline data essential for land use planning at barangay level. Barangay Tongantongan, Valencia City, Bukidnon is composed of 13 puroks of which six occupy lowland areas, five occupy partly lowland and partly hillyland, two occupy hilly to mountainous areas. The total land area provided by DENR is 4,400 hectares. The BSWM estimate based on its map outputs is 3,300 hectares. This study demonstrated the value of soil resources assessment and suitability evaluation as important inputs to land use planning at the barangay level. About half of the barangay area is suitable for agriculture and incorporated as Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone in accordance with the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act. Areas that have limitations and rated with lower productivity could be allocated for other land uses consistent with the development needs of the barangay.
Two of the original ten suitability ratings conducted for the Buffer Zone of Mt. Malindang Nation... more Two of the original ten suitability ratings conducted for the Buffer Zone of Mt. Malindang National Park – that of corn and high value crops – are presented in this study. The soils in the area are dominated by Adtuyon series characterized by high acidity and low inherent fertility. Slope, rock outcrops, and erosion are the other major limitations. After matching land characteristics with the crop requirements, both crops were rated similarly: moderately suitable in the uplands, marginally suitable in the hillylands and not suitable in the highlands and mountain areas. A complementing farm production economics study showed that where areas are unsuitable, high value crop farmers earn good income while moderately suitable areas show that corn farmers operate at a loss, yet they continually grow corn because this is a staple food. This inverse relationship shows that the soils in the Buffer Zone are in varying stages of land degradation as those in the gentle slopes which are moderately suitable are already in severe state and provide negative income to the farmers, while the highlands and mountain areas which are unsuitable but provide good income are relatively newly opened and not yet depleted of soil nutrients. The study recommends a review of national policy for intrusions of economic activities in fragile ecosystems, considering the good economic returns obtained by farmers in areas rated unsuitable for agricultural production. For the gentle slope areas which can be easily cultivated but now in the high state of degradation, there is a critical need to inculcate soil conservation and fertility rehabilitation in the consciousness of the farmers. Thirdly, economic returns alone seems insufficient to complement soil suitability studies. There is a need to introduce new concepts like environmental returns or ecological returns in lieu of economic returns for evaluating fragile ecosystems.
Soil science is taught in college as one of the sub-disciplines of agricultural sciences, hence, ... more Soil science is taught in college as one of the sub-disciplines of agricultural sciences, hence, soil survey and classification practitioners are taught of soil data interpretation for agricultural use. There is however, more to soil data interpretation other than the traditional agricultural interpretation. Outside the agricultural application of soil resources information, as we move to the environmental applications, the impact is less on profit and economics but more on safety and human lives. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate how the principles of agricultural land evaluation can be applied for environmental interpretation of soil survey data, specifically to assess the soil's capacity to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter pollutants. The emphasis is on rating the limiting or restrictive features which are soil properties that restrict or limit management alternatives. A sample rating guide of wastes hazardous to the ground and runoff water, specifically nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter are cited. This rating is then applied to the soil survey data of Iligan City.
There is no direct measurement of land degradation. The methodology is based on the assumption t... more There is no direct measurement of land degradation. The methodology is based on the assumption that human activities on the land are the main driver for causing land degradation. The Land Use System (LUS) concept is introduced in this project and the final output is the 2003 Land Use System Map based on the 2003 NAMRIA land cover map. Given the dynamic concept of land degradation, the relations of causes and effects that lead to degradation is done through the application of Driving Force - Pressure - State - Impact - Response (DPSIR). This project approach is participatory, decentralized, country-driven and integrated and makes ample use of participatory rural appraisals, expert assessment, remote sensing, modeling and other modern means of data generation, networking, and communication technologies. Since by the end of the project in 2013 NAMRIA was yet to release its 2010 land cover map, the Phase II of the project (2015-2017) is concerned with 2010 LUS Map and the corresponding comparative 2003 vs 2010 LUS to asses the land use change and analyze for land degradation DPSIR.
This is the final report of the Philippine Harmonized World Soil Database Project funded by the I... more This is the final report of the Philippine Harmonized World Soil Database Project funded by the Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China. The Philippines is under the China Node which consolidates the various outputs within the node in the DigitalSoilMap.Net Project.
The extent of Mt. Pinatubo eruptions through the 1990 (pre-eruption), 1992, 1993, and 2006 satell... more The extent of Mt. Pinatubo eruptions through the 1990 (pre-eruption), 1992, 1993, and 2006 satellite imageries are compared to assess soil formation and development for the rehabilitation of the lahar-affected areas for agricultural development. Catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions mark Time Zero in soil formation and development. Although initially destructive, and the volcanic deposits are sterile and hot, volcanic ash deposition on a landscape refreshes the soil, improves the physical and chemical properties, and renews soil productivity. Volcanic ash soils are important components of soil organic matter that are main sources of nitrogen for plants, and various nutrients and energy for soil organisms, and also as important contributor to carbon sequestration and global stability from climate change. Mt. Pinatubo ash contains 1.7 g P 2 O 5 kg-1 mostly occurring as apatite enhancing the plant-available phosphorus. It should be noted, however that the pre-1991 eruption study shows that the soil development pathway is characterized by dominance of allophane; and hence, we should expect high phosphate retention and non-availability to plants despite its abundance. Time series study on the development of Pinatubo volcanic-influenced ash-soils shows that the weathering process proceeds rapidly for many of the affected areas. However, the major lahar depositional areas have remained as lahar despite the passing of the years. The time series satellite imageries provide interesting study on soil development of Mt. Pinatubo volcanic ash soils: the old lahar deposits are just overlain by the new and quite large areas of lahar deposits no longer appear as lahar in the satellite images. The characteristics of these volcanic ash soils for agricultural use and the appropriate soil management recommendations are provided.
Powerpoint presented during the "Andosol Revisiting" conference, June 7, 2014 held at Ephochal Co... more Powerpoint presented during the "Andosol Revisiting" conference, June 7, 2014 held at Ephochal Convention Center, Tsukuba Japan to culminate the pre- 20th World Soil Congress Tours (Japan Volcanic Soil Tour).
Paper presented during the 7th International Conference of the East and Southeast Asia Federation... more Paper presented during the 7th International Conference of the East and Southeast Asia Federation of Soil Science Societies held at the Bureau of Soils and Water Management, June, 2005.
Paper presented during the international conference on natural resources collections of the Asia ... more Paper presented during the international conference on natural resources collections of the Asia Pacific Region sponsored by the National Science Museum of Japan, Tokyo, December 2000.
December 2008 update of the Soil Survey Manual last published by the Bureau of Soils and Water Ma... more December 2008 update of the Soil Survey Manual last published by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management in March 1960.
Proceedings of the Seminar Workshop on Soil Fertility Mapping by the Soil Survey Division, 20 Sep... more Proceedings of the Seminar Workshop on Soil Fertility Mapping by the Soil Survey Division, 20 September 2007
This is the proposed operational plan for urban soil quality monitoring to complement environment... more This is the proposed operational plan for urban soil quality monitoring to complement environmental quality standards set for water, ground water, drinking water, ambient air, noise, vegetation, faunal and living space as part of the Environmental Quality Monitoring Program (Quezon City Envinet) spearheaded by the Quezon City Government and supported by the Quezon City Science Community.
Edited and updated from the final report of Dr. Tadao Hamazaki, JICA Short-term Expert and Dr. Sh... more Edited and updated from the final report of Dr. Tadao Hamazaki, JICA Short-term Expert and Dr. Shoichi Tokudome, JICA Expert on Soil Survey and Classification under the SRDC-JICA Technical Cooperation, Phase I, Revised 1992.
This is the accompanying description of the soil monoliths displayed at the National Science Muse... more This is the accompanying description of the soil monoliths displayed at the National Science Museum of Japan, Tokyo in December 2000. This is part of the natural resources exhibition of the Asia-Pacific Region and the first time the Philippine soils were exhibited in an international scientific exhibition.
The mineralogical properties of five soil profiles formed from tephra deposits of Taal volcano du... more The mineralogical properties of five soil profiles formed from
tephra deposits of Taal volcano during the pre- and post-caldera eruptions were investigated. These deposits were identified as pyroclastic deposits from pre-caldera eruption, scoria pyroclastic flow deposits during caldera formation and volcanic ash during post caldera eruption. Three stages of weathering were determined: 1) Slightly weathered soils,
which consists of greater amount of volcanic glass than pyroxene, plagioclase, altered (weathered minerals) and quartz in heavy and light minerals of fine sand fractions. Allophane predominates the clay fractions of these soils; 2) Moderately weathered soils contain more pyroxene than plagioclase, volcanic glass and weathered minerals. The clay fractions consist of halloysite, with mica and vermiculite; 3) More weathered soils contain more alterites (weathered minerals) than plagioclase, pyroxene, volcanic glass and quartz. Montmorillonite was predominant in the clay fraction of soils in the lowlands, while kaolinite was predominant in the uplands.
Results of the soil mineral identification were evaluated with
respect to the environmental factors, the type of tephra deposits and their age of deposition. Primary and secondary minerals revealed that they originated from Taal tephra deposits. Those from Taal ignimbrites had more advanced stages of weathering compared to volcanic ash. More
colored volcanic glass, amphibole, Ca-plagioclase, and pyroxene were found in the fine sand fractions, thus, tephra deposits from Taal were more basalt to basaltic andesite rather than dacitic. Very few quartz and almost no olivine minerals were found indicating that the minerals have undergone less weathering process. Based on the five pits, it is concluded in the study that as affected by age and type of tephra, climate, vegetation, and topography, the clay transformation of the parent material follows two path ways: (1) the first is that the basalt to basaltic andesite is transformed to mica (illite), then
to vermiculite, then to smectite, and finally to kaolinite; and (2) the second pathway is that the basalt to basaltic andesite is transformed to allophane, then to halloysite, then to smectite, and finally to kaolinite.
Paper presented during the International Symposium on Genesis, Characteristics, and Use of Andisols, 16-21 March 2006, Meiji University and Japanese Society of Pedology
This is the second of two-lecture series prepared for Bhutanese Orientation on Agricultural Land ... more This is the second of two-lecture series prepared for Bhutanese Orientation on Agricultural Land Protection conducted by Paibare and requested by the Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Operations. The paper focused on three areas - (1) review of threats facing agricultural lands, (2) defining policy objectives, (3) recognizing evolving institutional framework on agricultural land protection policies which is further categorized into three - policy research; policy formulation and strategic planning; and policy implementation.
This is the first of two lectures prepared for Bhutanese trainees by Paibare, 102 East Maya, Phil... more This is the first of two lectures prepared for Bhutanese trainees by Paibare, 102 East Maya, PhilAm Homes, West Avenue, Quezon City as requested by Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Operations. The paper is structured as a lecture discussing rationale for protecting agricultural lands, the Philippine agricultural geography, the threats facing agricultural lands, and the policy responses.
The integration of GIS symbology used by the Cartographic Operations Division and the Integrated ... more The integration of GIS symbology used by the Cartographic Operations Division and the Integrated Soil Resources Information Service, Bureau of Soils and Water Management. These two are eventually merged as Geomatics and Soil Information Technology Division during the 2015 rationalization.
INTRODUCTION Agricultural production has become increasingly precarious. Weather patterns become ... more INTRODUCTION Agricultural production has become increasingly precarious. Weather patterns become more uncertain due to climate change while global markets fluctuate under increased demands for agricultural products. As a result, agrarian communities are facing considerable economic and environmental risks. Intensive agricultural production has also its consequence in terms of soil nutrient depletion. The marginal mountain footslope farmers of the island province of Camiguin are chronically poor rural communities, typically surviving on degraded lands where they construct precarious livelihoods on a limited natural resource base. Efforts to improve their economic base must be geared towards enhancing food security with initiatives that promote social and ecological resilience in the face of increasing land degradation, biodiversity decline, climatic and economic stresses. Focusing on resilience requires a broadening of the understanding and practice of adaption to deal with complex and changing systems, especially in the context of land degradation, biodiversity decline, and climate change. It requires a shift from short‐term emergency response to long‐term planning and preparedness. This paper presents the culmination of 3‐year model organic farming village established by the Philippine consortium of the Asian Network for Sustainable Organic Farming Technology (ANSOFT) as one of the projects of the Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI) in a joint work program among eleven member countries. The network will contribute to the communication, knowledge transfer and new organic technology development. The Philippine project is established in Mindanao because of the largest number of organic farming practitioners are here; and thereby the Mindanao Sustainable Organic Farming System (MINSOFS) was established as the network of networks under AFACI‐ANSOFT Phase I for the consolidation and dissemination of sustainable organic farming technologies practiced in the island. The Kalingatunga Upland Sustainable Farming Stewardship Association (KUSSA), one of the original members of MINSOFS, was selected to spearhead the development of model organic farming village under AFACI-ANSOFT Phase II.
This study was conducted to provide baseline data essential for land use planning at barangay lev... more This study was conducted to provide baseline data essential for land use planning at barangay level. Barangay Tongantongan, Valencia City, Bukidnon is composed of 13 puroks of which six occupy lowland areas, five occupy partly lowland and partly hillyland, two occupy hilly to mountainous areas. The total land area provided by DENR is 4,400 hectares. The BSWM estimate based on its map outputs is 3,300 hectares. This study demonstrated the value of soil resources assessment and suitability evaluation as important inputs to land use planning at the barangay level. About half of the barangay area is suitable for agriculture and incorporated as Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone in accordance with the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act. Areas that have limitations and rated with lower productivity could be allocated for other land uses consistent with the development needs of the barangay.
Two of the original ten suitability ratings conducted for the Buffer Zone of Mt. Malindang Nation... more Two of the original ten suitability ratings conducted for the Buffer Zone of Mt. Malindang National Park – that of corn and high value crops – are presented in this study. The soils in the area are dominated by Adtuyon series characterized by high acidity and low inherent fertility. Slope, rock outcrops, and erosion are the other major limitations. After matching land characteristics with the crop requirements, both crops were rated similarly: moderately suitable in the uplands, marginally suitable in the hillylands and not suitable in the highlands and mountain areas. A complementing farm production economics study showed that where areas are unsuitable, high value crop farmers earn good income while moderately suitable areas show that corn farmers operate at a loss, yet they continually grow corn because this is a staple food. This inverse relationship shows that the soils in the Buffer Zone are in varying stages of land degradation as those in the gentle slopes which are moderately suitable are already in severe state and provide negative income to the farmers, while the highlands and mountain areas which are unsuitable but provide good income are relatively newly opened and not yet depleted of soil nutrients. The study recommends a review of national policy for intrusions of economic activities in fragile ecosystems, considering the good economic returns obtained by farmers in areas rated unsuitable for agricultural production. For the gentle slope areas which can be easily cultivated but now in the high state of degradation, there is a critical need to inculcate soil conservation and fertility rehabilitation in the consciousness of the farmers. Thirdly, economic returns alone seems insufficient to complement soil suitability studies. There is a need to introduce new concepts like environmental returns or ecological returns in lieu of economic returns for evaluating fragile ecosystems.
Soil science is taught in college as one of the sub-disciplines of agricultural sciences, hence, ... more Soil science is taught in college as one of the sub-disciplines of agricultural sciences, hence, soil survey and classification practitioners are taught of soil data interpretation for agricultural use. There is however, more to soil data interpretation other than the traditional agricultural interpretation. Outside the agricultural application of soil resources information, as we move to the environmental applications, the impact is less on profit and economics but more on safety and human lives. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate how the principles of agricultural land evaluation can be applied for environmental interpretation of soil survey data, specifically to assess the soil's capacity to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter pollutants. The emphasis is on rating the limiting or restrictive features which are soil properties that restrict or limit management alternatives. A sample rating guide of wastes hazardous to the ground and runoff water, specifically nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter are cited. This rating is then applied to the soil survey data of Iligan City.
There is no direct measurement of land degradation. The methodology is based on the assumption t... more There is no direct measurement of land degradation. The methodology is based on the assumption that human activities on the land are the main driver for causing land degradation. The Land Use System (LUS) concept is introduced in this project and the final output is the 2003 Land Use System Map based on the 2003 NAMRIA land cover map. Given the dynamic concept of land degradation, the relations of causes and effects that lead to degradation is done through the application of Driving Force - Pressure - State - Impact - Response (DPSIR). This project approach is participatory, decentralized, country-driven and integrated and makes ample use of participatory rural appraisals, expert assessment, remote sensing, modeling and other modern means of data generation, networking, and communication technologies. Since by the end of the project in 2013 NAMRIA was yet to release its 2010 land cover map, the Phase II of the project (2015-2017) is concerned with 2010 LUS Map and the corresponding comparative 2003 vs 2010 LUS to asses the land use change and analyze for land degradation DPSIR.
This is the final report of the Philippine Harmonized World Soil Database Project funded by the I... more This is the final report of the Philippine Harmonized World Soil Database Project funded by the Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China. The Philippines is under the China Node which consolidates the various outputs within the node in the DigitalSoilMap.Net Project.
The extent of Mt. Pinatubo eruptions through the 1990 (pre-eruption), 1992, 1993, and 2006 satell... more The extent of Mt. Pinatubo eruptions through the 1990 (pre-eruption), 1992, 1993, and 2006 satellite imageries are compared to assess soil formation and development for the rehabilitation of the lahar-affected areas for agricultural development. Catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions mark Time Zero in soil formation and development. Although initially destructive, and the volcanic deposits are sterile and hot, volcanic ash deposition on a landscape refreshes the soil, improves the physical and chemical properties, and renews soil productivity. Volcanic ash soils are important components of soil organic matter that are main sources of nitrogen for plants, and various nutrients and energy for soil organisms, and also as important contributor to carbon sequestration and global stability from climate change. Mt. Pinatubo ash contains 1.7 g P 2 O 5 kg-1 mostly occurring as apatite enhancing the plant-available phosphorus. It should be noted, however that the pre-1991 eruption study shows that the soil development pathway is characterized by dominance of allophane; and hence, we should expect high phosphate retention and non-availability to plants despite its abundance. Time series study on the development of Pinatubo volcanic-influenced ash-soils shows that the weathering process proceeds rapidly for many of the affected areas. However, the major lahar depositional areas have remained as lahar despite the passing of the years. The time series satellite imageries provide interesting study on soil development of Mt. Pinatubo volcanic ash soils: the old lahar deposits are just overlain by the new and quite large areas of lahar deposits no longer appear as lahar in the satellite images. The characteristics of these volcanic ash soils for agricultural use and the appropriate soil management recommendations are provided.
Powerpoint presented during the "Andosol Revisiting" conference, June 7, 2014 held at Ephochal Co... more Powerpoint presented during the "Andosol Revisiting" conference, June 7, 2014 held at Ephochal Convention Center, Tsukuba Japan to culminate the pre- 20th World Soil Congress Tours (Japan Volcanic Soil Tour).
Paper presented during the 7th International Conference of the East and Southeast Asia Federation... more Paper presented during the 7th International Conference of the East and Southeast Asia Federation of Soil Science Societies held at the Bureau of Soils and Water Management, June, 2005.
Paper presented during the international conference on natural resources collections of the Asia ... more Paper presented during the international conference on natural resources collections of the Asia Pacific Region sponsored by the National Science Museum of Japan, Tokyo, December 2000.
December 2008 update of the Soil Survey Manual last published by the Bureau of Soils and Water Ma... more December 2008 update of the Soil Survey Manual last published by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management in March 1960.
Proceedings of the Seminar Workshop on Soil Fertility Mapping by the Soil Survey Division, 20 Sep... more Proceedings of the Seminar Workshop on Soil Fertility Mapping by the Soil Survey Division, 20 September 2007
This is the proposed operational plan for urban soil quality monitoring to complement environment... more This is the proposed operational plan for urban soil quality monitoring to complement environmental quality standards set for water, ground water, drinking water, ambient air, noise, vegetation, faunal and living space as part of the Environmental Quality Monitoring Program (Quezon City Envinet) spearheaded by the Quezon City Government and supported by the Quezon City Science Community.
Edited and updated from the final report of Dr. Tadao Hamazaki, JICA Short-term Expert and Dr. Sh... more Edited and updated from the final report of Dr. Tadao Hamazaki, JICA Short-term Expert and Dr. Shoichi Tokudome, JICA Expert on Soil Survey and Classification under the SRDC-JICA Technical Cooperation, Phase I, Revised 1992.
This is the accompanying description of the soil monoliths displayed at the National Science Muse... more This is the accompanying description of the soil monoliths displayed at the National Science Museum of Japan, Tokyo in December 2000. This is part of the natural resources exhibition of the Asia-Pacific Region and the first time the Philippine soils were exhibited in an international scientific exhibition.
The mineralogical properties of five soil profiles formed from tephra deposits of Taal volcano du... more The mineralogical properties of five soil profiles formed from
tephra deposits of Taal volcano during the pre- and post-caldera eruptions were investigated. These deposits were identified as pyroclastic deposits from pre-caldera eruption, scoria pyroclastic flow deposits during caldera formation and volcanic ash during post caldera eruption. Three stages of weathering were determined: 1) Slightly weathered soils,
which consists of greater amount of volcanic glass than pyroxene, plagioclase, altered (weathered minerals) and quartz in heavy and light minerals of fine sand fractions. Allophane predominates the clay fractions of these soils; 2) Moderately weathered soils contain more pyroxene than plagioclase, volcanic glass and weathered minerals. The clay fractions consist of halloysite, with mica and vermiculite; 3) More weathered soils contain more alterites (weathered minerals) than plagioclase, pyroxene, volcanic glass and quartz. Montmorillonite was predominant in the clay fraction of soils in the lowlands, while kaolinite was predominant in the uplands.
Results of the soil mineral identification were evaluated with
respect to the environmental factors, the type of tephra deposits and their age of deposition. Primary and secondary minerals revealed that they originated from Taal tephra deposits. Those from Taal ignimbrites had more advanced stages of weathering compared to volcanic ash. More
colored volcanic glass, amphibole, Ca-plagioclase, and pyroxene were found in the fine sand fractions, thus, tephra deposits from Taal were more basalt to basaltic andesite rather than dacitic. Very few quartz and almost no olivine minerals were found indicating that the minerals have undergone less weathering process. Based on the five pits, it is concluded in the study that as affected by age and type of tephra, climate, vegetation, and topography, the clay transformation of the parent material follows two path ways: (1) the first is that the basalt to basaltic andesite is transformed to mica (illite), then
to vermiculite, then to smectite, and finally to kaolinite; and (2) the second pathway is that the basalt to basaltic andesite is transformed to allophane, then to halloysite, then to smectite, and finally to kaolinite.
Paper presented during the International Symposium on Genesis, Characteristics, and Use of Andisols, 16-21 March 2006, Meiji University and Japanese Society of Pedology
This is the second of two-lecture series prepared for Bhutanese Orientation on Agricultural Land ... more This is the second of two-lecture series prepared for Bhutanese Orientation on Agricultural Land Protection conducted by Paibare and requested by the Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Operations. The paper focused on three areas - (1) review of threats facing agricultural lands, (2) defining policy objectives, (3) recognizing evolving institutional framework on agricultural land protection policies which is further categorized into three - policy research; policy formulation and strategic planning; and policy implementation.
This is the first of two lectures prepared for Bhutanese trainees by Paibare, 102 East Maya, Phil... more This is the first of two lectures prepared for Bhutanese trainees by Paibare, 102 East Maya, PhilAm Homes, West Avenue, Quezon City as requested by Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Operations. The paper is structured as a lecture discussing rationale for protecting agricultural lands, the Philippine agricultural geography, the threats facing agricultural lands, and the policy responses.
This report is the result of the agreement between the Bureau of Soils and Water Management and t... more This report is the result of the agreement between the Bureau of Soils and Water Management and the Municipality of Aborlan, Palawan on the soil and land resources evaluation of the municipality for the purpose of integrating the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ), one of the components of the Republic Act 8435 known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the municipality as per Section 10 of AFMA.
This report is the result of the tripartite agreement among the Bureau of Soils and Water Managem... more This report is the result of the tripartite agreement among the Bureau of Soils and Water Management, the Department of Agriculture—Regional Field Unit 5, and
the Municipality of Calabanga, Camarines Sur on the soil and land resources evaluation of the municipality for the purpose of integrating the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ), one of the components of the Republic Act 8435 known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) into the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the municipality as per Section 10 of AFMA.
The reconnaissance/semi-detailed soil survey and classification of Batanes Province was conducted... more The reconnaissance/semi-detailed soil survey and classification of Batanes Province was conducted by Mario E. Vinluan, Chief of Party, Salvador A. Fabula and Rolando D. de Guzman, members, in 1995. The report was completed January, 1996.
The soil and land resources evaluation of Calayan was conducted as input to the comprehensive dev... more The soil and land resources evaluation of Calayan was conducted as input to the comprehensive development town planning. The results were used in rating the suitability of the area to various crops that were thought to be economically important and relevant to the area. This report also served as input to the formulation of more appropriate agricultural and fisheries development zoning in accordance with Republic Act 8435 known as Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act.