Rachelle Alterman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rachelle Alterman

Sustainability

The right to access and enjoy the coastal zone, and especially the beach, is a centuries-old lega... more The right to access and enjoy the coastal zone, and especially the beach, is a centuries-old legal tenet in many countries and a key part of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. However, the legal right for coastal access takes on different forms and degrees in different countries (or states). In this paper we argue that accessibility to coastal zones should be seen as a multi-faceted concept, and we distinguish among four different categories of accessibly. The first two—horizontal and vertical access—are the usual notions. We add two more: access to sea views, and access for people with disabilities. Regarding all four categories, in addition to the legal survey, we also attempt to point out some potential social justice issues. The comparative analysis focuses on national-level law and policy in fifteen advanced-economy countries. Most are also signatories to one or two international legal or policy rules about coastal management. The factual information on each country is based o...

Planning in the Face of Crisis: Housing, Land-Use, and Mass Immigration in Israel, 2002

Urban Economics & Regional Studies eJournal, 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to delve into housing rights as expressed in national constitution... more The purpose of this chapter is to delve into housing rights as expressed in national constitutions. We report on all 189 constitutions of UN member states, describing and evaluating them in terms of what they say about the right to housing. As a benchmark for evaluation, we turn to the UN’s main interpretation on adequate housing, known as comment No. 4 to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [ICESCR] of 1966 (UN General Assembly). This document stipulates seven criteria of adequate housing. <br><br>The chapter opens with current knowledge about the comparative right to housing, followed by our own contribution. We then expand on each of the seven criteria of adequate housing: legal security of tenure, availability of services and infrastructure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, and cultural adequacy. These criteria serve as our benchmarks for evaluating the constitutional right to housing (CRtH) in the wording of all th...

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017

Countries worldwide have set national targets for energy production from renewable sources. Yet, ... more Countries worldwide have set national targets for energy production from renewable sources. Yet, while many governments are committed to more renewable energy, obtaining permission to site installations is becoming increasingly difficult. With large tracts of land for renewables becoming intensely contested, countries seeking to meet their renewables targets are directing attention also towards tapping the potential in the urban environment through smaller-scale facilities. These entail other challenges, and countries are seeking ways to overcome them. The focus of this paper is on one, still evolving, type of renewable energy technology: small-scale wind turbines (SSWT). The paper presents a review of current but limited international academic knowledge on the land-regulation aspects of siting SSWT in countries that already have experience with such installations, including the USA, UK and New Zealand. The paper also reports on a comparative analysis of the land-related regulations and practices in two selected Mediterranean jurisdictions-Spain (Catalonia) and Israel. The approach of this study is exploratory, relying on analysis of legal and policy documents complemented by field work through in-depth interviews with key-stakeholders in both jurisdictions. The overall aim of this study is to examine different approaches of planning systems to new technologies. The findings show that despite their shared objective factors, the two jurisdictions have adopted almost opposite approach to regulating SSWTs. The findings, therefore, suggest that the incorporation of an unknown technology within the city requires a change of mindset both among the officials and among the city residents. A more effective regulatory framework might therefore entails a combination of strategic thinking, an experimental approach and the capacity to learn from cross-national comparative experiences.

New directions for youth development, 2003

Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet... more Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet the needs of children and families before, during, and after future attacks.

Anthropological Quarterly, 1981

Abbott, Carl. The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . London: Univ. of Nor... more Abbott, Carl. The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . London: Univ. of North Carolina Press. 1981 . pp. 317. £14.00 H/B; £6.95 P/B. Alterman, Rachelle. Implementation Analysis in Urban and Regional Planning: Toward a Research Agenda. Working Paper No. 96. Technion, Haifa: Center for Urban and Regional Studies. 1981. pp. 25. np Alterman, Rachelle, Harris, David and Hill, Morris. The Impact of Public Participation on Planning : The Case of the Derbyshire Structure Plan . Working Paper No. 99. Technion, Haifa: Center ...

Transactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning, 2017

The years 2016–2017 have opened up a dream-world set of opportunities for the planning profession... more The years 2016–2017 have opened up a dream-world set of opportunities for the planning profession. To what extent are planning education and the global planning profession intrinsically ready to take up these opportunities, and are there prices to be paid?

Progress in Planning, Dec 31, 1983

Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israe... more Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israel 1.4. Organization of the Report Notes: Chapter I

Progress in Planning, Dec 31, 1983

Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israe... more Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israel 1.4. Organization of the Report Notes: Chapter I

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

Washington University Journal of Law Policy, 2000

Traditionally, land use law in most countries rarely distinguishes among planning contexts in ter... more Traditionally, land use law in most countries rarely distinguishes among planning contexts in terms of the rate of growth that is to be managed. The same legislation presumably is expected to apply to situations where a town, city, region, or country is relatively stable or stagnant, and to situations where these are undergoing accelerated growth. That was true for the traditional United States zoning-based system, which has been criticized for not being well suited to managing rapid growth. 1 "Growth management" is ostensibly better suited for managing growth. Growth management in American planning lingo refers to planning-based policies adopted by cities and towns to control the extent, type, and most importantly, the rate and timing of development. Most of the tools usually classified under this category are growth limiting, not growth promoting, and include means such as service boundaries, phases, moratoria, freezes, and infrastructure * Rachelle Alterman is the David Azrieli Professor of Town Planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and chairs the Technion's Graduate Program in Urban and Regional Planning. Dr. Altermanm who holds a BA Honors and an M.C.P. from Manitoba, a D.Sc. from the Technion and an LLB from Tel Aviv University (in that order), is well known internationally for her research and numerous publications on comparative planning and land use law, land policy, and planning theory. 1. DANIEL R. MANDELKER ET AL., PLANNING AND CONTROL OF LAND DEVELOPMENT: CASES AND MATERIALS 653 (4th ed. 1995). Wash U Law Repository 6. Seventy-four percent of the population in the United States is urban, seventy-seven percent in Canada, eighty-nine percent in Britain, eighty-four percent in Sweden, and eighty-nine percent in the Netherlands. UNITED NATIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK (1996). 7. Since over fifty percent of Israel's land area is in the inhospitable southern desert, the effective density is much higher. 8. Rachelle Alterman, Implementing Decentralization for Neighborhood Regeneration:

The World Bank Legal Review, Volume 5:Fostering Development through Opportunity, Inclusion, and Equity, 2013

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

An International Comparison of City and Regional Policy-Making, 2001

Compared with most other Western countries, Israel has maintained a very high dosage of national-... more Compared with most other Western countries, Israel has maintained a very high dosage of national-level planning institutions and powers. This is not surprising. Given Israel's unique constraints and national goals, it should be a 'natural' for national-level planning. Yet, as our story will show, these institutions have not always functioned to the same degree or held the same status. The exposition of national-level planning in Israel begins with an introduction to Israel's 'vital statistics' and built-up form. Next comes a section that introduces the key national urban and regional policies in order to give the reader a feel for the context. We then move to the general constitutional and institutional setting for policy-making by national and local government. Then, we focus on the major national-level agencies charged with a comprehensive view and with setting overall policy. This leads to an analysis of the relatively large degree of state involvement in sectoral planning and implementation, and is followed by a detailed presentation of the statutory land-use planning system and of national statutory plans. A separate section recounts how leading planners cleverly utilised the national crisis brought about by mass immigration from the former USSR in the early 1990s, to raise national-level planning to a new plateau through initiatives like the 'Israel 2020' project. To conclude, I sketch my view of the future role for national-level planning in Israel, shaped as it is by the conflicting forces of centralisation on the one hand, and decentralisation and privatisation on the other. Some background geographic and demographic statistics Israel has a population of six million people, 80 per cent of whom are Jewish and 20 per cent Arab. (Here and throughout this chapter, unless stated otherwise, I am referring to Israel in its international borders, without the still occupied parts of the West Bank and the Gaza strip. 1) Israel's population is 92 per cent urban-among the Figure 1 Map of Israel showing neighbouring countries and occupied areas

Land Use Law & Zoning Digest, 1989

Sustainability

The right to access and enjoy the coastal zone, and especially the beach, is a centuries-old lega... more The right to access and enjoy the coastal zone, and especially the beach, is a centuries-old legal tenet in many countries and a key part of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. However, the legal right for coastal access takes on different forms and degrees in different countries (or states). In this paper we argue that accessibility to coastal zones should be seen as a multi-faceted concept, and we distinguish among four different categories of accessibly. The first two—horizontal and vertical access—are the usual notions. We add two more: access to sea views, and access for people with disabilities. Regarding all four categories, in addition to the legal survey, we also attempt to point out some potential social justice issues. The comparative analysis focuses on national-level law and policy in fifteen advanced-economy countries. Most are also signatories to one or two international legal or policy rules about coastal management. The factual information on each country is based o...

Planning in the Face of Crisis: Housing, Land-Use, and Mass Immigration in Israel, 2002

Urban Economics & Regional Studies eJournal, 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to delve into housing rights as expressed in national constitution... more The purpose of this chapter is to delve into housing rights as expressed in national constitutions. We report on all 189 constitutions of UN member states, describing and evaluating them in terms of what they say about the right to housing. As a benchmark for evaluation, we turn to the UN’s main interpretation on adequate housing, known as comment No. 4 to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [ICESCR] of 1966 (UN General Assembly). This document stipulates seven criteria of adequate housing. <br><br>The chapter opens with current knowledge about the comparative right to housing, followed by our own contribution. We then expand on each of the seven criteria of adequate housing: legal security of tenure, availability of services and infrastructure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, and cultural adequacy. These criteria serve as our benchmarks for evaluating the constitutional right to housing (CRtH) in the wording of all th...

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017

Countries worldwide have set national targets for energy production from renewable sources. Yet, ... more Countries worldwide have set national targets for energy production from renewable sources. Yet, while many governments are committed to more renewable energy, obtaining permission to site installations is becoming increasingly difficult. With large tracts of land for renewables becoming intensely contested, countries seeking to meet their renewables targets are directing attention also towards tapping the potential in the urban environment through smaller-scale facilities. These entail other challenges, and countries are seeking ways to overcome them. The focus of this paper is on one, still evolving, type of renewable energy technology: small-scale wind turbines (SSWT). The paper presents a review of current but limited international academic knowledge on the land-regulation aspects of siting SSWT in countries that already have experience with such installations, including the USA, UK and New Zealand. The paper also reports on a comparative analysis of the land-related regulations and practices in two selected Mediterranean jurisdictions-Spain (Catalonia) and Israel. The approach of this study is exploratory, relying on analysis of legal and policy documents complemented by field work through in-depth interviews with key-stakeholders in both jurisdictions. The overall aim of this study is to examine different approaches of planning systems to new technologies. The findings show that despite their shared objective factors, the two jurisdictions have adopted almost opposite approach to regulating SSWTs. The findings, therefore, suggest that the incorporation of an unknown technology within the city requires a change of mindset both among the officials and among the city residents. A more effective regulatory framework might therefore entails a combination of strategic thinking, an experimental approach and the capacity to learn from cross-national comparative experiences.

New directions for youth development, 2003

Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet... more Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet the needs of children and families before, during, and after future attacks.

Anthropological Quarterly, 1981

Abbott, Carl. The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . London: Univ. of Nor... more Abbott, Carl. The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities . London: Univ. of North Carolina Press. 1981 . pp. 317. £14.00 H/B; £6.95 P/B. Alterman, Rachelle. Implementation Analysis in Urban and Regional Planning: Toward a Research Agenda. Working Paper No. 96. Technion, Haifa: Center for Urban and Regional Studies. 1981. pp. 25. np Alterman, Rachelle, Harris, David and Hill, Morris. The Impact of Public Participation on Planning : The Case of the Derbyshire Structure Plan . Working Paper No. 99. Technion, Haifa: Center ...

Transactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning, 2017

The years 2016–2017 have opened up a dream-world set of opportunities for the planning profession... more The years 2016–2017 have opened up a dream-world set of opportunities for the planning profession. To what extent are planning education and the global planning profession intrinsically ready to take up these opportunities, and are there prices to be paid?

Progress in Planning, Dec 31, 1983

Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israe... more Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israel 1.4. Organization of the Report Notes: Chapter I

Progress in Planning, Dec 31, 1983

Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israe... more Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction I. 1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. The Case of Israel 1.4. Organization of the Report Notes: Chapter I

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

Washington University Journal of Law Policy, 2000

Traditionally, land use law in most countries rarely distinguishes among planning contexts in ter... more Traditionally, land use law in most countries rarely distinguishes among planning contexts in terms of the rate of growth that is to be managed. The same legislation presumably is expected to apply to situations where a town, city, region, or country is relatively stable or stagnant, and to situations where these are undergoing accelerated growth. That was true for the traditional United States zoning-based system, which has been criticized for not being well suited to managing rapid growth. 1 "Growth management" is ostensibly better suited for managing growth. Growth management in American planning lingo refers to planning-based policies adopted by cities and towns to control the extent, type, and most importantly, the rate and timing of development. Most of the tools usually classified under this category are growth limiting, not growth promoting, and include means such as service boundaries, phases, moratoria, freezes, and infrastructure * Rachelle Alterman is the David Azrieli Professor of Town Planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and chairs the Technion's Graduate Program in Urban and Regional Planning. Dr. Altermanm who holds a BA Honors and an M.C.P. from Manitoba, a D.Sc. from the Technion and an LLB from Tel Aviv University (in that order), is well known internationally for her research and numerous publications on comparative planning and land use law, land policy, and planning theory. 1. DANIEL R. MANDELKER ET AL., PLANNING AND CONTROL OF LAND DEVELOPMENT: CASES AND MATERIALS 653 (4th ed. 1995). Wash U Law Repository 6. Seventy-four percent of the population in the United States is urban, seventy-seven percent in Canada, eighty-nine percent in Britain, eighty-four percent in Sweden, and eighty-nine percent in the Netherlands. UNITED NATIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK (1996). 7. Since over fifty percent of Israel's land area is in the inhospitable southern desert, the effective density is much higher. 8. Rachelle Alterman, Implementing Decentralization for Neighborhood Regeneration:

The World Bank Legal Review, Volume 5:Fostering Development through Opportunity, Inclusion, and Equity, 2013

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank wi... more Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

An International Comparison of City and Regional Policy-Making, 2001

Compared with most other Western countries, Israel has maintained a very high dosage of national-... more Compared with most other Western countries, Israel has maintained a very high dosage of national-level planning institutions and powers. This is not surprising. Given Israel's unique constraints and national goals, it should be a 'natural' for national-level planning. Yet, as our story will show, these institutions have not always functioned to the same degree or held the same status. The exposition of national-level planning in Israel begins with an introduction to Israel's 'vital statistics' and built-up form. Next comes a section that introduces the key national urban and regional policies in order to give the reader a feel for the context. We then move to the general constitutional and institutional setting for policy-making by national and local government. Then, we focus on the major national-level agencies charged with a comprehensive view and with setting overall policy. This leads to an analysis of the relatively large degree of state involvement in sectoral planning and implementation, and is followed by a detailed presentation of the statutory land-use planning system and of national statutory plans. A separate section recounts how leading planners cleverly utilised the national crisis brought about by mass immigration from the former USSR in the early 1990s, to raise national-level planning to a new plateau through initiatives like the 'Israel 2020' project. To conclude, I sketch my view of the future role for national-level planning in Israel, shaped as it is by the conflicting forces of centralisation on the one hand, and decentralisation and privatisation on the other. Some background geographic and demographic statistics Israel has a population of six million people, 80 per cent of whom are Jewish and 20 per cent Arab. (Here and throughout this chapter, unless stated otherwise, I am referring to Israel in its international borders, without the still occupied parts of the West Bank and the Gaza strip. 1) Israel's population is 92 per cent urban-among the Figure 1 Map of Israel showing neighbouring countries and occupied areas

Land Use Law & Zoning Digest, 1989