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Papers by Raefa Refaat Alam
International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 2020
Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the di... more Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the diagnosis and treatment of choice among elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Thus anxiety, stress, and depression of adverse out-come or side effect and discomfort regarding endoscopy reduce the patient’s acceptance ability. Effective procedure ex-planation and safety measures have positively impact on decrease level of anxiety, stress, and depression and improve elderly patient’s general health condition Aim: Evaluate effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design: A quasi experimental study design with pre and post procedure was used.Setting: The study was conducted at Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC) (Endoscopy Unit) Mansoura University Subjects: A convenient sample of 76 elderly patients undergoing GIT endoscopy. Data collected over a period of 9 months fr...
PLOS ONE
Background Informed consent (IC) is a healthcare standard emphasizing the meaning of human dignit... more Background Informed consent (IC) is a healthcare standard emphasizing the meaning of human dignity as clarified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Data about IC practices in Egypt is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the Egyptian patients’/guardians’ experiences about IC and their expectations about its practices’ purposes in general and according to the type of the healthcare facility. Methods Self-administered questionnaire was carried out for 1092 participants who had undergone or were scheduled to a procedure requiring an IC at three studied types for Egyptian health care facilities. Ten statements were ranked twice by the participants to reflect their perception of IC purpose as per what is currently practiced and what they believe should be practiced. Results IC implementation varies significantly (p<0.05) across the health care facilities in Egypt. The percentage of its implementation at the non-governmental facilities, governmental facilities, and univer...
Egyptian Journal of Health Care
Egyptian Journal of Health Care
BMC Medical Ethics
Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve th... more Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies have investigated the preferences for the different consenting options for organ donation in Egypt. This study aims to assess Egyptians' preferences regarding consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure their awareness and acceptance of the Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 2743 participants over two years. Each participant was required to rank eleven consenting options from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and to report his awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of the Egyptian law of organ donation. Results: 47% of the participants expressed willingness to donate their organs after death. This percentage increased to 78% when consenting options were explained to participants. "Informed consent by donor only" was the most preferred type of consent for one third of respondents. Awareness of the law articles regulating organ donation was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%. Conclusion: Currently, around half of the Egyptian population agree to posthumous organ donation. This percentage could be increased significantly by raising the awareness about how the process of donation could be regulated and how the patient's right of decision could be protected.
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Background: Life review can be an effective intervention in increasing the positive emotions, hap... more Background: Life review can be an effective intervention in increasing the positive emotions, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly, which in turn will improve their life significantly. This study aims to determine the effects of nursing program as a life review on life satisfaction and happiness among elderly people. Design: A quasi experimental study. Settings: Two elderly clubs namely; Elsaada and El-Amal in Mansoura, Egypt. Subjects and Method: subjects included 74 elderly, Data collected are: socio-demographics, Subjective Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life Scales. Nursing program as (a life review) was implemented and the two scales were re-measured immediately and two months after intervention. Results: There is an improvement of the overall median life satisfaction score in the immediate post-intervention and two months after intervention. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001. Also, the overall median happiness score improved from 14 up to 19.5 and 20 in the immediate and two-months postintervention; respectively. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001.This pattern of improvement persists after stratification of all the sociodemographic variables studied and with the presence or absence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: Implementation of a Life review intervention improved the life satisfaction and sense of happiness among elderly immediately and post 8 weeks of intervention.
Zagazig Nursing Journal, 2014
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2016
Background: Sexuality has been considered as one of the most natural and main aspects of life tha... more Background: Sexuality has been considered as one of the most natural and main aspects of life that affect an individual's identity as a human being. Not only the sexual activity provides happiness for older adults, it may also maintain a sense of self-esteem. Until recently, little attention was paid to sexuality of elderly people in many countries. Aim of the study was to identify knowledge, attitude and practice of elders about sexuality. Methods: Descriptive design: This study was administered in three elderly clubs in Mansoura city, Dakahlia Governorate. Subjects: 158 elderly people attending those clubs were included in the study. Data were collected through using four tools; Socio-demographic data and factor affecting sexual relationship, Knowledge about sexuality, Attitude and practice of elderly about sexuality. Results: The majority of the target subjects were females; more than half had moderate knowledge about sexuality and very few sexual relationships, most of the subjects reported that sexuality is unnecessary for them and that the most common risk factor influencing sexuality is the psychological condition. Conclusions: It was concluded that a negative correlation occurred between knowledge and attitude and the majority of target subjects had a neutral attitude. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a health education program about sexuality. This will help to improve knowledge, attitude and practice concerning sexuality.
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2016
Background and aim: The loss of work through retirement is one of the major adjustments for indiv... more Background and aim: The loss of work through retirement is one of the major adjustments for individual ages. For many, this is the first indicator of the impact of aging. Aim of the study was to identify factors affecting adjustment to retirement among retirees' elderly persons. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. This study was conducted at Waiting Lounge of El Ahly Bank, Nasser Bank, and Faculties of Commerce, Medicine, Science and Veterinary affiliated to Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. 210 retirees' elderly person who represented the participants of the current study retired since one year and more. Data was collected using Self-Administered Questionnaire, Retirement Adjustment Scale, and Retirement Resources Inventory. Results: None of the retirees' elderly (100.0%) attended a preparation program for retirement. The total mean score of retirement adjustment scale correlated significantly and positively to the total mean score of the physical, financial, social, and mental resources. Additionally, there is a significant relation between preparation for retirement and the total mean score of retirement adjustment scale. Conclusion: It can be concluded that adjustment to retirement was affected by the retirees' gender, marital status, level of education, type of job before retirement, job condition, and place of work. In addition, adequate resources as physical, financial, social support and mental capacity are associated with better adjustment to retirement.
PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2018
Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particula... more Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particularly in women. Unfortunately, Egyptian women were reported to have a lower bone mineral density compared to their Western counterparts. So, this study was conducted to assessed knowledge and beliefs of menopausal women about osteoporosis
and their possible associated factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 menopausal women recruited from both rural and urban settings, Mansoura, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and health beliefs of participants about osteoporosis.
Results: The overall osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and osteoporosis health beliefs scale mean scores were 10.8 ± 3.52 and 140.9 ± 18.1, respectively. High education was the only significant predictor to OKAT mean score (p = 0.011). Linear regression revealed that understanding the symptom and knowledge of preventive factors
is strongly significant (p ≤ 0.001) independent predictors for women perceptions to the benefit of exercises and susceptibility to osteoporosis (R2 = 0.205 and 0.167; respectively).
Conclusions: This study reflects the limited knowledge and modest perceptions toward osteoporosis among menopausal women. Knowledge was a significant predictor of women health beliefs towards osteoporosis. Gender-based preventive programs may help to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in the Egyptian community.
International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 2020
Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the di... more Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the diagnosis and treatment of choice among elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Thus anxiety, stress, and depression of adverse out-come or side effect and discomfort regarding endoscopy reduce the patient’s acceptance ability. Effective procedure ex-planation and safety measures have positively impact on decrease level of anxiety, stress, and depression and improve elderly patient’s general health condition Aim: Evaluate effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design: A quasi experimental study design with pre and post procedure was used.Setting: The study was conducted at Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC) (Endoscopy Unit) Mansoura University Subjects: A convenient sample of 76 elderly patients undergoing GIT endoscopy. Data collected over a period of 9 months fr...
PLOS ONE
Background Informed consent (IC) is a healthcare standard emphasizing the meaning of human dignit... more Background Informed consent (IC) is a healthcare standard emphasizing the meaning of human dignity as clarified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Data about IC practices in Egypt is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the Egyptian patients’/guardians’ experiences about IC and their expectations about its practices’ purposes in general and according to the type of the healthcare facility. Methods Self-administered questionnaire was carried out for 1092 participants who had undergone or were scheduled to a procedure requiring an IC at three studied types for Egyptian health care facilities. Ten statements were ranked twice by the participants to reflect their perception of IC purpose as per what is currently practiced and what they believe should be practiced. Results IC implementation varies significantly (p<0.05) across the health care facilities in Egypt. The percentage of its implementation at the non-governmental facilities, governmental facilities, and univer...
Egyptian Journal of Health Care
Egyptian Journal of Health Care
BMC Medical Ethics
Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve th... more Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies have investigated the preferences for the different consenting options for organ donation in Egypt. This study aims to assess Egyptians' preferences regarding consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure their awareness and acceptance of the Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 2743 participants over two years. Each participant was required to rank eleven consenting options from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and to report his awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of the Egyptian law of organ donation. Results: 47% of the participants expressed willingness to donate their organs after death. This percentage increased to 78% when consenting options were explained to participants. "Informed consent by donor only" was the most preferred type of consent for one third of respondents. Awareness of the law articles regulating organ donation was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%. Conclusion: Currently, around half of the Egyptian population agree to posthumous organ donation. This percentage could be increased significantly by raising the awareness about how the process of donation could be regulated and how the patient's right of decision could be protected.
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Background: Life review can be an effective intervention in increasing the positive emotions, hap... more Background: Life review can be an effective intervention in increasing the positive emotions, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly, which in turn will improve their life significantly. This study aims to determine the effects of nursing program as a life review on life satisfaction and happiness among elderly people. Design: A quasi experimental study. Settings: Two elderly clubs namely; Elsaada and El-Amal in Mansoura, Egypt. Subjects and Method: subjects included 74 elderly, Data collected are: socio-demographics, Subjective Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life Scales. Nursing program as (a life review) was implemented and the two scales were re-measured immediately and two months after intervention. Results: There is an improvement of the overall median life satisfaction score in the immediate post-intervention and two months after intervention. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001. Also, the overall median happiness score improved from 14 up to 19.5 and 20 in the immediate and two-months postintervention; respectively. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001.This pattern of improvement persists after stratification of all the sociodemographic variables studied and with the presence or absence of chronic diseases. Conclusion: Implementation of a Life review intervention improved the life satisfaction and sense of happiness among elderly immediately and post 8 weeks of intervention.
Zagazig Nursing Journal, 2014
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2016
Background: Sexuality has been considered as one of the most natural and main aspects of life tha... more Background: Sexuality has been considered as one of the most natural and main aspects of life that affect an individual's identity as a human being. Not only the sexual activity provides happiness for older adults, it may also maintain a sense of self-esteem. Until recently, little attention was paid to sexuality of elderly people in many countries. Aim of the study was to identify knowledge, attitude and practice of elders about sexuality. Methods: Descriptive design: This study was administered in three elderly clubs in Mansoura city, Dakahlia Governorate. Subjects: 158 elderly people attending those clubs were included in the study. Data were collected through using four tools; Socio-demographic data and factor affecting sexual relationship, Knowledge about sexuality, Attitude and practice of elderly about sexuality. Results: The majority of the target subjects were females; more than half had moderate knowledge about sexuality and very few sexual relationships, most of the subjects reported that sexuality is unnecessary for them and that the most common risk factor influencing sexuality is the psychological condition. Conclusions: It was concluded that a negative correlation occurred between knowledge and attitude and the majority of target subjects had a neutral attitude. Therefore, it is recommended to implement a health education program about sexuality. This will help to improve knowledge, attitude and practice concerning sexuality.
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2016
Background and aim: The loss of work through retirement is one of the major adjustments for indiv... more Background and aim: The loss of work through retirement is one of the major adjustments for individual ages. For many, this is the first indicator of the impact of aging. Aim of the study was to identify factors affecting adjustment to retirement among retirees' elderly persons. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. This study was conducted at Waiting Lounge of El Ahly Bank, Nasser Bank, and Faculties of Commerce, Medicine, Science and Veterinary affiliated to Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. 210 retirees' elderly person who represented the participants of the current study retired since one year and more. Data was collected using Self-Administered Questionnaire, Retirement Adjustment Scale, and Retirement Resources Inventory. Results: None of the retirees' elderly (100.0%) attended a preparation program for retirement. The total mean score of retirement adjustment scale correlated significantly and positively to the total mean score of the physical, financial, social, and mental resources. Additionally, there is a significant relation between preparation for retirement and the total mean score of retirement adjustment scale. Conclusion: It can be concluded that adjustment to retirement was affected by the retirees' gender, marital status, level of education, type of job before retirement, job condition, and place of work. In addition, adequate resources as physical, financial, social support and mental capacity are associated with better adjustment to retirement.
PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2018
Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particula... more Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particularly in women. Unfortunately, Egyptian women were reported to have a lower bone mineral density compared to their Western counterparts. So, this study was conducted to assessed knowledge and beliefs of menopausal women about osteoporosis
and their possible associated factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 menopausal women recruited from both rural and urban settings, Mansoura, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and health beliefs of participants about osteoporosis.
Results: The overall osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and osteoporosis health beliefs scale mean scores were 10.8 ± 3.52 and 140.9 ± 18.1, respectively. High education was the only significant predictor to OKAT mean score (p = 0.011). Linear regression revealed that understanding the symptom and knowledge of preventive factors
is strongly significant (p ≤ 0.001) independent predictors for women perceptions to the benefit of exercises and susceptibility to osteoporosis (R2 = 0.205 and 0.167; respectively).
Conclusions: This study reflects the limited knowledge and modest perceptions toward osteoporosis among menopausal women. Knowledge was a significant predictor of women health beliefs towards osteoporosis. Gender-based preventive programs may help to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in the Egyptian community.