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Papers by Muhammad Rasool
During the study a total of 61 nests of the family Vespidae were collected. The nests of the soci... more During the study a total of 61 nests of the family Vespidae were collected. The nests of the social wasps (Polistinae and Vespinae) were found to be paper made having hexagonal cells while that of solitary wasps (Eumeninae) were constructed from mud and having elongated cells with a cell size of about 7.9 mm (Antepipona deflenda) to 29.2 mm (Delta dimidiatepenne). The nests of the vespine wasps were spindle shaped, found either aerial or underground with a cell size of 10 mm (Vespula flaviceps) to 28.2 mm (Vespa velutina). These were very large, containing 3 to 10 combs protected by envelope. The Polistinae nests were also made of paper, generally aerial, were small, nearly rounded in shape and composed of single comb. The cell size of Polistinae varies from 8 mm (Ropalidia cyathiformis) to 19.7 mm (Polistes olivaceous).
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more frequent in female as compared to male. The incidence of Has... more Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more frequent in female as compared to male. The incidence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis condition is much higher than Grave's disease in female. Various studies on the reproductive physiology of female show that both
This research work was conducted to find out nucleotide variations in the pre-S2 region of the tw... more This research work was conducted to find out nucleotide variations in the pre-S2 region of the two clinically diagnosed Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg). Pre-S2 region nucleotide sequence of the sample MR02 was found completely homologous with the Pre-S2 region of already reported subtype " adr4 ". This sample showed 1.2 to 20% variation with the other reported sequences. Nucleotide sequence of the Pre-S2 region of the second sample MR03 does not show 100% homology with any of the reported sequences. It differs 2.4 tò18.8 % from the other reported sequences. Further it was established that MR02 and MR03 nucleotide sequences differ from one another at four positions, all substitutions. The first difference is observed at 87 th base where there is " C " residue in MR02 DNA sequence and an " A " in MR03 DNA sequence. The 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th difference is at base number 116, 137 and 146 respectively. In all the cases " C " residue in MR02 sequence is replaced by " T " residue in MR03 nucleotide sequence. The first change at nucleotide level does not cause any change at amino acid level, while the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th substitutions at nucleotide level results an amino acid change. The phylogenetic studies established that the Pakistanian HBV Isolates closely resemble the " adrq " strain belonging to " adr " subtype. The study showed that the pre-S2 region is hypervariable and two reported sequences show 100% homology and thus cause change in the structure of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg). This variability reduces the efficacy of vaccines prepared to a particular clone of HBV isolates.
The objective of the present study was to find out the fauna of the social wasps of the subfamily... more The objective of the present study was to find out the fauna of the social wasps of the subfamily Polistinae of Dir Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Dir is situated in the North of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa at an elevation of 1420 meters with an altitude of 35.1977° N and latitude 71.8749° E. A total of 248 specimens were collected from the study area from April, 2015 to November, 2017. The specimens represented eight species under two genera, Polistes and Ropalidia. The genus Polistes was represented in the area by six species Polistes indicus, P. olivaceous, P. stigma, P. wattii, P. rothneyi and Polistes flavus while the genus Ropalida was represented by two species R. brevata and R. cyathiformis. Among these P. olivaceous, P. wattii, P. flavus and R. brevata were new record for Dir. It was also observed that Polistes wattii was the most abundant species in the area while P. olivaceous and P. rothneyi were widely distributed in the area. All these wasps were found predators on various fruit crops pests and play a pollinating role in the area.
Present study was conducted in District Head Quarter Hospital Timergara Dir (lower) to find the c... more Present study was conducted in District Head Quarter Hospital Timergara Dir (lower) to find the coinfection of Malaria and Typhoid in the population of the area. Malaria was diagnosed by thick and thin smears while typhoid was determined by using widal agglutination test. Highest prevalence of co infection was observed in males that were 13(8.7%) as compared to females. The highest prevalence of co infection in males was found in age group 16-30 that was 11.1% while in females highest prevalence was observed in age group 46 and above that was 9.09%.
A taxonomic survey of the vespine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) was carried out from May, 2014 to... more A taxonomic survey of the vespine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) was carried out from May, 2014 to October, 2016. During the study, a total of 798 specimens belonging to the subfamily Vespinae were captured representing 5 species under two genera, Vespa tropica, Vespa velutina, Vespa orientalis, Vespa mandarinia and Vespula flaviceps. The three species, Vespa tropica, Vespa orientalis and Vespa mandarinia are for the first time reported from the study area.
The present study was carried out to explore the diversity of spiders' fauna from District Charsa... more The present study was carried out to explore the diversity of spiders' fauna from District Charsadda KPK, Pakistan, from March, 2015 to January, 2017. A total of 2005 specimens were collected representing 44 species under 29 genera and 15 families.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
A taxonomic survey of the solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) was carried out from ... more A taxonomic survey of the solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) was carried out from April, 2014 to November, 2016. During the study, a total of 51 specimens were captured representing four genera, Antepipona, Antodynerus, Delta and Rhynchium and eleven species. Eight of these species were identified as, Delta dimidiatepenne, Delta esuriens, Antepipona deflenda, Antepipona sibilans, Antodynerus flavescens, Rhynchium bruneum, Rhynchium carnaticum, and Rhynchium quinquecinctum while three species were identified up to genus level, Rhynchium, with the help of available literature but species not confirmed and may be new to science. Two species, Antepipona deflenda, and Rhynchium carnaticum are new for Pakistan while four species Antepipona sibilans, Antodynerus flavescens, Rhynchium bruneum and Rhynchium quinquecinctum are new to Swat.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
Specimens were collected to investigate the feeding preferences of different indigenous fishes i... more Specimens were collected to investigate the feeding preferences of different indigenous fishes in natural habitat of NWFP Pakistan. A total of 426 fish specimens were collected from two diverse localities of Peshawar and Swat. Identification of fish specimen revealed nine and six different species from Peshawar and Swat respectively. Fishes were further categorized as carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous by analyzing their gut contents. Main objective of the study was to identify indigenous species which can serve as biocontrol agents to eradicate mosquito larvae in local conditions. The result indicated that five species were carnivorous, four herbivorous and three omnivorous.
The detection of viral genome through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possib... more The detection of viral genome through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possible a new step in viral diagnosis. The main advantages of PCR are its extreme sensitivity and the possibility to develop rapid assays using non radioactive probes. The amplification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences in sera for the diagnosis of HBV is an important application of PCR with regard to HBV. A set of primer B2833S 5` GGGTCACCATATTCTTGG 3` and B170AS 5` GT CCTAGGAATCCTGATG was tested for the amplification of HBV genome from the plasma derived HBV patients and a cloned HBV. Annealing temperature and units of Taq polymerase were optimized. Annealing temperature 55°C was found best for B2833S and B170AS. It was established that one unit of Taq polymerase amplify optimally in a reaction mixture of 25 µl. This procedure will be more reliable evidence of the presence of Hepatitis B virus.
Key words: PCR, HBV, amplification of DNA.
Books by Muhammad Rasool
During the study a total of 61 nests of the family Vespidae were collected. The nests of the soci... more During the study a total of 61 nests of the family Vespidae were collected. The nests of the social wasps (Polistinae and Vespinae) were found to be paper made having hexagonal cells while that of solitary wasps (Eumeninae) were constructed from mud and having elongated cells with a cell size of about 7.9 mm (Antepipona deflenda) to 29.2 mm (Delta dimidiatepenne). The nests of the vespine wasps were spindle shaped, found either aerial or underground with a cell size of 10 mm (Vespula flaviceps) to 28.2 mm (Vespa velutina). These were very large, containing 3 to 10 combs protected by envelope. The Polistinae nests were also made of paper, generally aerial, were small, nearly rounded in shape and composed of single comb. The cell size of Polistinae varies from 8 mm (Ropalidia cyathiformis) to 19.7 mm (Polistes olivaceous).
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more frequent in female as compared to male. The incidence of Has... more Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more frequent in female as compared to male. The incidence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis condition is much higher than Grave's disease in female. Various studies on the reproductive physiology of female show that both
This research work was conducted to find out nucleotide variations in the pre-S2 region of the tw... more This research work was conducted to find out nucleotide variations in the pre-S2 region of the two clinically diagnosed Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg). Pre-S2 region nucleotide sequence of the sample MR02 was found completely homologous with the Pre-S2 region of already reported subtype " adr4 ". This sample showed 1.2 to 20% variation with the other reported sequences. Nucleotide sequence of the Pre-S2 region of the second sample MR03 does not show 100% homology with any of the reported sequences. It differs 2.4 tò18.8 % from the other reported sequences. Further it was established that MR02 and MR03 nucleotide sequences differ from one another at four positions, all substitutions. The first difference is observed at 87 th base where there is " C " residue in MR02 DNA sequence and an " A " in MR03 DNA sequence. The 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th difference is at base number 116, 137 and 146 respectively. In all the cases " C " residue in MR02 sequence is replaced by " T " residue in MR03 nucleotide sequence. The first change at nucleotide level does not cause any change at amino acid level, while the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th substitutions at nucleotide level results an amino acid change. The phylogenetic studies established that the Pakistanian HBV Isolates closely resemble the " adrq " strain belonging to " adr " subtype. The study showed that the pre-S2 region is hypervariable and two reported sequences show 100% homology and thus cause change in the structure of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg). This variability reduces the efficacy of vaccines prepared to a particular clone of HBV isolates.
The objective of the present study was to find out the fauna of the social wasps of the subfamily... more The objective of the present study was to find out the fauna of the social wasps of the subfamily Polistinae of Dir Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Dir is situated in the North of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa at an elevation of 1420 meters with an altitude of 35.1977° N and latitude 71.8749° E. A total of 248 specimens were collected from the study area from April, 2015 to November, 2017. The specimens represented eight species under two genera, Polistes and Ropalidia. The genus Polistes was represented in the area by six species Polistes indicus, P. olivaceous, P. stigma, P. wattii, P. rothneyi and Polistes flavus while the genus Ropalida was represented by two species R. brevata and R. cyathiformis. Among these P. olivaceous, P. wattii, P. flavus and R. brevata were new record for Dir. It was also observed that Polistes wattii was the most abundant species in the area while P. olivaceous and P. rothneyi were widely distributed in the area. All these wasps were found predators on various fruit crops pests and play a pollinating role in the area.
Present study was conducted in District Head Quarter Hospital Timergara Dir (lower) to find the c... more Present study was conducted in District Head Quarter Hospital Timergara Dir (lower) to find the coinfection of Malaria and Typhoid in the population of the area. Malaria was diagnosed by thick and thin smears while typhoid was determined by using widal agglutination test. Highest prevalence of co infection was observed in males that were 13(8.7%) as compared to females. The highest prevalence of co infection in males was found in age group 16-30 that was 11.1% while in females highest prevalence was observed in age group 46 and above that was 9.09%.
A taxonomic survey of the vespine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) was carried out from May, 2014 to... more A taxonomic survey of the vespine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) was carried out from May, 2014 to October, 2016. During the study, a total of 798 specimens belonging to the subfamily Vespinae were captured representing 5 species under two genera, Vespa tropica, Vespa velutina, Vespa orientalis, Vespa mandarinia and Vespula flaviceps. The three species, Vespa tropica, Vespa orientalis and Vespa mandarinia are for the first time reported from the study area.
The present study was carried out to explore the diversity of spiders' fauna from District Charsa... more The present study was carried out to explore the diversity of spiders' fauna from District Charsadda KPK, Pakistan, from March, 2015 to January, 2017. A total of 2005 specimens were collected representing 44 species under 29 genera and 15 families.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
A taxonomic survey of the solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) was carried out from ... more A taxonomic survey of the solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) was carried out from April, 2014 to November, 2016. During the study, a total of 51 specimens were captured representing four genera, Antepipona, Antodynerus, Delta and Rhynchium and eleven species. Eight of these species were identified as, Delta dimidiatepenne, Delta esuriens, Antepipona deflenda, Antepipona sibilans, Antodynerus flavescens, Rhynchium bruneum, Rhynchium carnaticum, and Rhynchium quinquecinctum while three species were identified up to genus level, Rhynchium, with the help of available literature but species not confirmed and may be new to science. Two species, Antepipona deflenda, and Rhynchium carnaticum are new for Pakistan while four species Antepipona sibilans, Antodynerus flavescens, Rhynchium bruneum and Rhynchium quinquecinctum are new to Swat.
Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The col... more Wasps belonging to the family Vespidae were collected from April, 2016 to November, 2016. The collection was made from different localities of District Swat and a total of 1397 specimens belonging to the family Vespidae were captured. The members of the subfamily Vespinae made their appearance in the month of April and their population increased up to the month of September and then gradual decrease in the population occurred. Some species of the Vespinae like Vespa velutina were collected from April to November. The Polistinae species first appeared in the area in the month of May increases in number up to September and then decline suddenly. The members of the Polistinae were recorded from May to October. The individuals belonging to the subfamily Eumeninae were only collected in the Months of July, August and September.
Specimens were collected to investigate the feeding preferences of different indigenous fishes i... more Specimens were collected to investigate the feeding preferences of different indigenous fishes in natural habitat of NWFP Pakistan. A total of 426 fish specimens were collected from two diverse localities of Peshawar and Swat. Identification of fish specimen revealed nine and six different species from Peshawar and Swat respectively. Fishes were further categorized as carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous by analyzing their gut contents. Main objective of the study was to identify indigenous species which can serve as biocontrol agents to eradicate mosquito larvae in local conditions. The result indicated that five species were carnivorous, four herbivorous and three omnivorous.
The detection of viral genome through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possib... more The detection of viral genome through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possible a new step in viral diagnosis. The main advantages of PCR are its extreme sensitivity and the possibility to develop rapid assays using non radioactive probes. The amplification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences in sera for the diagnosis of HBV is an important application of PCR with regard to HBV. A set of primer B2833S 5` GGGTCACCATATTCTTGG 3` and B170AS 5` GT CCTAGGAATCCTGATG was tested for the amplification of HBV genome from the plasma derived HBV patients and a cloned HBV. Annealing temperature and units of Taq polymerase were optimized. Annealing temperature 55°C was found best for B2833S and B170AS. It was established that one unit of Taq polymerase amplify optimally in a reaction mixture of 25 µl. This procedure will be more reliable evidence of the presence of Hepatitis B virus.
Key words: PCR, HBV, amplification of DNA.