Raymond Ndione - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Raymond Ndione
The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective... more The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective of this study is to screen the extract of neem so as to discover the larvicidal and histopathological effects of Suneem 1% on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus larva. To achieve this objective, third and/or fourth instars larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. or Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/l. The control larvae were immersed in water with solvent (TetraHydroFurfuryl Alcohol: THFA®). 50% of the mortality at 4 mg/l (CL50) after 24 h for Culex quinquefasciatus and at 6 mg/l after 120 h for Anopheles gambiae s.l. was recorded. The pictures of histopathological effects reveal at light microscopic the non-uniform epithelial cell layer, a disruption of cell of the midgut and necrosed cells. At electron microscopy level the disappearance of cellular organelles was observed, also there was less homogeneous cytoplasm and a significant vacuolisation. Suneem 1% has larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 17, 2007
Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadir... more Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was carried out on Aedes aegypti larvae. The aim of this work was to evaluate lethal effects of neem products (1% Suneem, formulated neem oil and neem powder) on A. aegypti larvae. Assays showed that A. indica was toxic to larvae of A. aegypti. For 1% Suneem, 1% formulated neem oil and neem powder, the lethal concentrations and lethal time at 50% (LC 50 and LT 50) for A. aegypti were 2 and 8 mg/l after 24 h and 3 mg/l after 120 h, respectively. Assays showed that Suneem and Formulated neem oil were more toxic to A. aegypti than Neem powder. Both products of the neem (A. indica, A. juss) have a remarkable influence on the development of A. aegypti larvae, causing an inhibition of nymphs and adults emergency. The Histopathological results revealed a serious damage on the epithelial columnar cells, a perturbation of alimentary flow, slightly hypertrophied cells, a beginning of vacuolisation on apical level, and a bursting of some cells in posterior part of the gut. However, nuclei, adipose tissue and muscles seem to keep normal appearance.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 30, 2021
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and seve... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and several other fruit trees including citrus. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Senegal in Dakar in 1995. Since then, it has been widely distributed throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing areas: Casamance and Thies. To properly conduct our study, we chose the four most infested mango varieties namely Kent, Keitt, Sewe and Boukodiekhal. All these populations are from the locality of Pout (Thies region). On each plant we collected 10 people. This allowed us to have a total of 40 individuals. The individuals harvested are coded according to the zone and the type of plant in which they were harvested. This study revealed almost two more or less distinct morphometric groups made up on the one hand by populations from improved varieties (Kent and Keitt) and on the other by those from local varieties (Sewe and Boukodiekhal).
International journal of sciences, 2017
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 10 8 to 12.5 10 8 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 10 8 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4 g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 10 8 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 10 8 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides.
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternati... more Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternative to the chemical control of these pests, the insecticidal effect of neem derivatives (Azadirachta indica) formulated at different doses on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) was studied. The powders obtained from the different parts of the neem were mixed with distilled water in different proportions, namely for 100ml 0g (control), 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g and 124g. The whole, consisting of water and powders of the different parts of neem, was homogenized. For each treatment, 5 repetitions were made over 5 days. The results obtained show that neem significantly reduced the populations of mealybug on the mango tree. The results also showed that neem is a very effective insecticide against these pests. This effectiveness is all the more important with almond derivatives (100% mortality at a dose of 32g per 100ml) compared to other neem derivatives.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and seve... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and several other fruit trees including citrus. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Senegal in Dakar in 1995. Since then, it has been widely distributed throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing areas: Casamance and Thies. To properly conduct our study, we chose the four most infested mango varieties namely Kent, Keitt, Sewe and Boukodiekhal. All these populations are from the locality of Pout (Thies region). On each plant we collected 10 people. This allowed us to have a total of 40 individuals. The individuals harvested are coded according to the zone and the type of plant in which they were harvested. This study revealed almost two more or less distinct morphometric groups made up on the one hand by populations from improved varieties (Kent and Keitt) and on the other by those from local varieties (Sewe and Boukodiekhal).
The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective... more The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective of this study is to screen the extract of neem so as to discover the larvicidal and histopathological effects of Suneem 1% on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus larva. To achieve this objective, third and/or fourth instars larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. or Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/l. The control larvae were immersed in water with solvent (TetraHydroFurfuryl Alcohol: THFA®). 50% of the mortality at 4 mg/l (CL50) after 24 h for Culex quinquefasciatus and at 6 mg/l after 120 h for Anopheles gambiae s.l. was recorded. The pictures of histopathological effects reveal at light microscopic the non-uniform epithelial cell layer, a disruption of cell of the midgut and necrosed cells. At electron microscopy level the disappearance of cellular organelles was observed, also there was less homogeneous cytoplasm and a signif...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or cochineal is an insect pest of mango trees a... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or cochineal is an insect pest of mango trees and several other fruit trees including citrus. It belongs to the branch of Arthropods, class of insects, to the order of orthoptera, to the super family of Coccoidea and to the family Pseudococcidae. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Dakar (Senegal) in 1995. Since then it has been widely used throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing regions: Casamance and Thies. To study the genetic structure of the populations of Rastrococcus invadens, we have chosen the three species of host plants most attacked, namely the mango tree, the lemon tree and the orange tree. On each foot, we randomly harvested 10 insects. This allows us to have a total of 60 individuals, including 30 in the Casamance natural region and 30 in the Thies region. Samples are coded according to the area and type of plant in which they were collected using t...
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time been a source... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time been a source of nuisance due to diseases they transmit, punctures and annoying buzzes. They are also a public health problem. That is why this study aim to find a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to persistent chemical pesticides in the environment. Thus, we decided to control the mosquito larvae of Culex in the wild with biopesticides suneem1% alone, Metarhizium anisopliae alone and their mixture. To arrive at this we determined the lodgings and determine their physicochemical conditions. We also evaluated larval densities before and after treatment with the ladle technique. This methodology allowed us to have results. The lodgings of Pikine, Kaffrine and Goudiry gave mortalities greater than 50% in 2 days. Suneem alone, Metarhizium anisopliae alone gave mortalities, but the formulation of these two biopesticides is more effective with high mortalities in 2 days. T...
International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Bioresearch, 2019
Morphometric data is a useful complement of information that allows precise identification of the... more Morphometric data is a useful complement of information that allows precise identification of the different parts of Rastrococcus invadens in Senegal. This study was carried out in four farms (Diatock and Oussouye) all located in natural Casamance and (Santhie and Khay) in the region of Thies. The work took place in February 2016 where citrus production is important. In each farm, we chose the lemon tree and the orange tree which are host plants of R. invadens. From each plant we collected 10 specimens. This enabled us to get 40 specimens from Casamance and 40 other specimens from Thies. Specimens were coded with regard to both the area and the type of plant they were collected from. The average measurements of the different parts of the insect showed a difference between the populations of the two agro-ecological zones with homogeneity of the populations of Thies and a heterogeneity of the populations of Casamance with a large zone of introgression. The results of this study should allow easier recognition of the different parts of R. invadens.
International Journal of Sciences, 2017
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 10 8 to 12.5 10 8 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 10 8 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4 g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 10 8 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 10 8 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides.
Dakar médical, 2006
Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem product... more Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem products are very few. The objective were to study the action of Neem products on larvae mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. The neem products (Neemix, Formulated neem oil, Pure neem oil and Neem powder) are tested on 4 instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moribund and witness larvae were fixed, for histopathologic study. The results showed the following facts: an intestinal epithelium, a bross border, a fat body and others tissues are normals at the level of the untreated larva; Fat body and muscle are not touched during the treatment of the larva with Pure neem oil; Intestinal epithelial cells slightly hypertrophied with beaches of lysis on the level of the larva treated with Neem powder; a lysis of the microvilli of brush border on the level of the witness-solvent; a destruction of the epithelial cells recorded in larva treated with a Neemix; a disappearance of the food column and a d...
Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors. However, th... more Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors. However, their ability to control aquatic stages of anopheline vectors with conidial formulation is need. In laboratory condition (25 o C and 76%RH), we formulated M. anisopliae with emulsifian neem oil (Suneem 1%) before application on An. gambiae larvae at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % (v/v) to determine the LD 90. We applied in semi-field environment, the LD 90 of the formulation into artificial vats on the Anopheles gambiae sl larvae collected from many breeding sites at dry and rain seasons. In laboratory condition, the LD 50 was 4.4 x 10 6 spores/ml and the LD 90 was not obtained 24 after exposure. The probite line equation was Y=1.61 x-0.55 and R 2 = 0.9793. The LD 50 was 3.1 x 10 6 and the LD90 was 5.3 X 10 6 spores/ml 48 h after exposure. The probite line equation was then Y= 1.69 x + 1.79 and R 2 = 0.9757. Microscope magnifying revealed also the fungal attack via cuticle and mycelia germination one dead larvae and pupae. In semi-field environment, treatment revealed that, at 5.3 x 10 6 spores/ml, the formulation has a great emergence inhibition of mosquito adult formation. No significant difference was observed between dry and rain season application of M. anisopliae on the larvae. Therefore, a combination of M. anisopliae with Suneem may provide a more sustainable management strategy for malaria vectors control at the larval stages.
Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated previously in Suneem formulation against malaria vector adul... more Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated previously in Suneem formulation against malaria vector adults. However, their ability to control aquatic stages is not yet evaluated. In laboratory conditions: the lethal dose (LD90) of the formulation was determined on Anopheles gambiae larvae collected from breeding sites and evaluated into artificial vats at dry and rainy seasons. In laboratory conditions, the LD90 was 5.3 × 10 6 spores/ml in 48 h. In semi-field environment, the formulation had a great emergence inhibition of mosquito adult (P < 0.0001). The emergences rate at day 8 were 2.25 ± 0.03, 28.00 ± 1.07 and 97.25 ± 1.56 % in dry season for the oil formulation (OF), Suneem (S), and water control respectively. In rainy season, the emergences were 1.25 ± 0.15, 30.25 ± 1.23 and 98 ± 0.76 % respectively. No significant difference was observed between dry and rainy seasons (P=0.3). Therefore, M. anisopliae formulated with Suneem may provide a more sustainable management strategy for malaria vectors control at larval stages.
Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fa... more Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fabriqués par une industrie sénégalaise (SENCHIM), ont été appliqués sur des larves et nymphes du moustique (Culex quinquefasciatus). Les doses ont été de 0,02 à 0,038 % (v/v) et de 0,2 à 2 % (p/v) respectivement pour l'huile de neem formulée et la poudre de neem. Les résultats dans les conditions du laboratoire ont montré que la poudre de neem était plus toxique au stade larvaire (mortalités entre 86,1 et 100 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 14,5 et 95,9 % d'adultes envolés). Cependant, l'huile de neem formulée a été efficace aussi bien au stade larvaire (mortalité entre 52,1 et 80 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 0 et 14 % d'adultes envolés). L'étude histopathologique a montré que les produits agissent au niveau du système digestif des larves après ingestion alors qu'au niveau des nymphes seul l'effet contact est observé. L'huile de neem formulée 1 % apparaît plus efficace que la poudre de neem 0,3 % pour le contrôle des moustiques en milieu aquatique.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 30, 2022
Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternati... more Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternative to the chemical control of these pests, the insecticidal effect of neem derivatives (Azadirachta indica) formulated at different doses on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) was studied. The powders obtained from the different parts of the neem were mixed with distilled water in different proportions, namely for 100ml 0g (control), 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g and 124g. The whole, consisting of water and powders of the different parts of neem, was homogenized. For each treatment, 5 repetitions were made over 5 days. The results obtained show that neem significantly reduced the populations of mealybug on the mango tree. The results also showed that neem is a very effective insecticide against these pests. This effectiveness is all the more important with almond derivatives (100% mortality at a dose of 32g per 100ml) compared to other neem derivatives.
Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fa... more Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fabriqués par une industrie sénégalaise (SENCHIM), ont été appliqués sur des larves et nymphes du moustique (Culex quinquefasciatus). Les doses ont été de 0,02 à 0,038 % (v/v) et de 0,2 à 2 % (p/v) respectivement pour l'huile de neem formulée et la poudre de neem. Les résultats dans les conditions du laboratoire ont montré que la poudre de neem était plus toxique au stade larvaire (mortalités entre 86,1 et 100 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 14,5 et 95,9 % d'adultes envolés). Cependant, l'huile de neem formulée a été efficace aussi bien au stade larvaire (mortalité entre 52,1 et 80 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 0 et 14 % d'adultes envolés). L'étude histopathologique a montré que les produits agissent au niveau du système digestif des larves après ingestion alors qu'au niveau des nymphes seul l'effet contact est observé. L'huile de neem formulée 1 % apparaît plus efficace que la poudre de neem 0,3 % pour le contrôle des moustiques en milieu aquatique.
Dakar médical, 2006
Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem product... more Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem products are very few. The objective were to study the action of Neem products on larvae mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. The neem products (Neemix, Formulated neem oil, Pure neem oil and Neem powder) are tested on 4 instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moribund and witness larvae were fixed, for histopathologic study. The results showed the following facts: an intestinal epithelium, a bross border, a fat body and others tissues are normals at the level of the untreated larva; Fat body and muscle are not touched during the treatment of the larva with Pure neem oil; Intestinal epithelial cells slightly hypertrophied with beaches of lysis on the level of the larva treated with Neem powder; a lysis of the microvilli of brush border on the level of the witness-solvent; a destruction of the epithelial cells recorded in larva treated with a Neemix; a disappearance of the food column and a d...
African Journal of …, 2010
Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadir... more Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was carried out on Aedes aegypti larvae. The aim of this work was to evaluate lethal effects of neem products (1% Suneem, formulated neem oil and neem powder) on A. aegypti larvae. Assays showed that A. indica was toxic to larvae of A. aegypti. For 1% Suneem, 1% formulated neem oil and neem powder, the lethal concentrations and lethal time at 50% (LC 50 and LT 50 ) for A. aegypti were 2 and 8 mg/l after 24 h and 3 mg/l after 120 h, respectively. Assays showed that Suneem and Formulated neem oil were more toxic to A. aegypti than Neem powder. Both products of the neem (A. indica, A. juss) have a remarkable influence on the development of A. aegypti larvae, causing an inhibition of nymphs and adults emergency. The Histopathological results revealed a serious damage on the epithelial columnar cells, a perturbation of alimentary flow, slightly hypertrophied cells, a beginning of vacuolisation on apical level, and a bursting of some cells in posterior part of the gut. However, nuclei, adipose tissue and muscles seem to keep normal appearance.
Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors.
The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective... more The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective of this study is to screen the extract of neem so as to discover the larvicidal and histopathological effects of Suneem 1% on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus larva. To achieve this objective, third and/or fourth instars larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. or Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/l. The control larvae were immersed in water with solvent (TetraHydroFurfuryl Alcohol: THFA®). 50% of the mortality at 4 mg/l (CL50) after 24 h for Culex quinquefasciatus and at 6 mg/l after 120 h for Anopheles gambiae s.l. was recorded. The pictures of histopathological effects reveal at light microscopic the non-uniform epithelial cell layer, a disruption of cell of the midgut and necrosed cells. At electron microscopy level the disappearance of cellular organelles was observed, also there was less homogeneous cytoplasm and a significant vacuolisation. Suneem 1% has larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 17, 2007
Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadir... more Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was carried out on Aedes aegypti larvae. The aim of this work was to evaluate lethal effects of neem products (1% Suneem, formulated neem oil and neem powder) on A. aegypti larvae. Assays showed that A. indica was toxic to larvae of A. aegypti. For 1% Suneem, 1% formulated neem oil and neem powder, the lethal concentrations and lethal time at 50% (LC 50 and LT 50) for A. aegypti were 2 and 8 mg/l after 24 h and 3 mg/l after 120 h, respectively. Assays showed that Suneem and Formulated neem oil were more toxic to A. aegypti than Neem powder. Both products of the neem (A. indica, A. juss) have a remarkable influence on the development of A. aegypti larvae, causing an inhibition of nymphs and adults emergency. The Histopathological results revealed a serious damage on the epithelial columnar cells, a perturbation of alimentary flow, slightly hypertrophied cells, a beginning of vacuolisation on apical level, and a bursting of some cells in posterior part of the gut. However, nuclei, adipose tissue and muscles seem to keep normal appearance.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 30, 2021
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and seve... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and several other fruit trees including citrus. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Senegal in Dakar in 1995. Since then, it has been widely distributed throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing areas: Casamance and Thies. To properly conduct our study, we chose the four most infested mango varieties namely Kent, Keitt, Sewe and Boukodiekhal. All these populations are from the locality of Pout (Thies region). On each plant we collected 10 people. This allowed us to have a total of 40 individuals. The individuals harvested are coded according to the zone and the type of plant in which they were harvested. This study revealed almost two more or less distinct morphometric groups made up on the one hand by populations from improved varieties (Kent and Keitt) and on the other by those from local varieties (Sewe and Boukodiekhal).
International journal of sciences, 2017
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 10 8 to 12.5 10 8 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 10 8 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4 g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 10 8 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 10 8 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides.
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternati... more Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternative to the chemical control of these pests, the insecticidal effect of neem derivatives (Azadirachta indica) formulated at different doses on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) was studied. The powders obtained from the different parts of the neem were mixed with distilled water in different proportions, namely for 100ml 0g (control), 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g and 124g. The whole, consisting of water and powders of the different parts of neem, was homogenized. For each treatment, 5 repetitions were made over 5 days. The results obtained show that neem significantly reduced the populations of mealybug on the mango tree. The results also showed that neem is a very effective insecticide against these pests. This effectiveness is all the more important with almond derivatives (100% mortality at a dose of 32g per 100ml) compared to other neem derivatives.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and seve... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and several other fruit trees including citrus. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Senegal in Dakar in 1995. Since then, it has been widely distributed throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing areas: Casamance and Thies. To properly conduct our study, we chose the four most infested mango varieties namely Kent, Keitt, Sewe and Boukodiekhal. All these populations are from the locality of Pout (Thies region). On each plant we collected 10 people. This allowed us to have a total of 40 individuals. The individuals harvested are coded according to the zone and the type of plant in which they were harvested. This study revealed almost two more or less distinct morphometric groups made up on the one hand by populations from improved varieties (Kent and Keitt) and on the other by those from local varieties (Sewe and Boukodiekhal).
The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective... more The fight against biolarvicide is a strategy used to eradicate mosquito larva. The main objective of this study is to screen the extract of neem so as to discover the larvicidal and histopathological effects of Suneem 1% on Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus larva. To achieve this objective, third and/or fourth instars larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. or Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/l. The control larvae were immersed in water with solvent (TetraHydroFurfuryl Alcohol: THFA®). 50% of the mortality at 4 mg/l (CL50) after 24 h for Culex quinquefasciatus and at 6 mg/l after 120 h for Anopheles gambiae s.l. was recorded. The pictures of histopathological effects reveal at light microscopic the non-uniform epithelial cell layer, a disruption of cell of the midgut and necrosed cells. At electron microscopy level the disappearance of cellular organelles was observed, also there was less homogeneous cytoplasm and a signif...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or cochineal is an insect pest of mango trees a... more Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or cochineal is an insect pest of mango trees and several other fruit trees including citrus. It belongs to the branch of Arthropods, class of insects, to the order of orthoptera, to the super family of Coccoidea and to the family Pseudococcidae. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Dakar (Senegal) in 1995. Since then it has been widely used throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing regions: Casamance and Thies. To study the genetic structure of the populations of Rastrococcus invadens, we have chosen the three species of host plants most attacked, namely the mango tree, the lemon tree and the orange tree. On each foot, we randomly harvested 10 insects. This allows us to have a total of 60 individuals, including 30 in the Casamance natural region and 30 in the Thies region. Samples are coded according to the area and type of plant in which they were collected using t...
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time been a source... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time been a source of nuisance due to diseases they transmit, punctures and annoying buzzes. They are also a public health problem. That is why this study aim to find a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to persistent chemical pesticides in the environment. Thus, we decided to control the mosquito larvae of Culex in the wild with biopesticides suneem1% alone, Metarhizium anisopliae alone and their mixture. To arrive at this we determined the lodgings and determine their physicochemical conditions. We also evaluated larval densities before and after treatment with the ladle technique. This methodology allowed us to have results. The lodgings of Pikine, Kaffrine and Goudiry gave mortalities greater than 50% in 2 days. Suneem alone, Metarhizium anisopliae alone gave mortalities, but the formulation of these two biopesticides is more effective with high mortalities in 2 days. T...
International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Bioresearch, 2019
Morphometric data is a useful complement of information that allows precise identification of the... more Morphometric data is a useful complement of information that allows precise identification of the different parts of Rastrococcus invadens in Senegal. This study was carried out in four farms (Diatock and Oussouye) all located in natural Casamance and (Santhie and Khay) in the region of Thies. The work took place in February 2016 where citrus production is important. In each farm, we chose the lemon tree and the orange tree which are host plants of R. invadens. From each plant we collected 10 specimens. This enabled us to get 40 specimens from Casamance and 40 other specimens from Thies. Specimens were coded with regard to both the area and the type of plant they were collected from. The average measurements of the different parts of the insect showed a difference between the populations of the two agro-ecological zones with homogeneity of the populations of Thies and a heterogeneity of the populations of Casamance with a large zone of introgression. The results of this study should allow easier recognition of the different parts of R. invadens.
International Journal of Sciences, 2017
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a... more Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 10 8 to 12.5 10 8 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 10 8 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4 g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 10 8 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 10 8 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides.
Dakar médical, 2006
Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem product... more Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem products are very few. The objective were to study the action of Neem products on larvae mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. The neem products (Neemix, Formulated neem oil, Pure neem oil and Neem powder) are tested on 4 instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moribund and witness larvae were fixed, for histopathologic study. The results showed the following facts: an intestinal epithelium, a bross border, a fat body and others tissues are normals at the level of the untreated larva; Fat body and muscle are not touched during the treatment of the larva with Pure neem oil; Intestinal epithelial cells slightly hypertrophied with beaches of lysis on the level of the larva treated with Neem powder; a lysis of the microvilli of brush border on the level of the witness-solvent; a destruction of the epithelial cells recorded in larva treated with a Neemix; a disappearance of the food column and a d...
Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors. However, th... more Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors. However, their ability to control aquatic stages of anopheline vectors with conidial formulation is need. In laboratory condition (25 o C and 76%RH), we formulated M. anisopliae with emulsifian neem oil (Suneem 1%) before application on An. gambiae larvae at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % (v/v) to determine the LD 90. We applied in semi-field environment, the LD 90 of the formulation into artificial vats on the Anopheles gambiae sl larvae collected from many breeding sites at dry and rain seasons. In laboratory condition, the LD 50 was 4.4 x 10 6 spores/ml and the LD 90 was not obtained 24 after exposure. The probite line equation was Y=1.61 x-0.55 and R 2 = 0.9793. The LD 50 was 3.1 x 10 6 and the LD90 was 5.3 X 10 6 spores/ml 48 h after exposure. The probite line equation was then Y= 1.69 x + 1.79 and R 2 = 0.9757. Microscope magnifying revealed also the fungal attack via cuticle and mycelia germination one dead larvae and pupae. In semi-field environment, treatment revealed that, at 5.3 x 10 6 spores/ml, the formulation has a great emergence inhibition of mosquito adult formation. No significant difference was observed between dry and rain season application of M. anisopliae on the larvae. Therefore, a combination of M. anisopliae with Suneem may provide a more sustainable management strategy for malaria vectors control at the larval stages.
Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated previously in Suneem formulation against malaria vector adul... more Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated previously in Suneem formulation against malaria vector adults. However, their ability to control aquatic stages is not yet evaluated. In laboratory conditions: the lethal dose (LD90) of the formulation was determined on Anopheles gambiae larvae collected from breeding sites and evaluated into artificial vats at dry and rainy seasons. In laboratory conditions, the LD90 was 5.3 × 10 6 spores/ml in 48 h. In semi-field environment, the formulation had a great emergence inhibition of mosquito adult (P < 0.0001). The emergences rate at day 8 were 2.25 ± 0.03, 28.00 ± 1.07 and 97.25 ± 1.56 % in dry season for the oil formulation (OF), Suneem (S), and water control respectively. In rainy season, the emergences were 1.25 ± 0.15, 30.25 ± 1.23 and 98 ± 0.76 % respectively. No significant difference was observed between dry and rainy seasons (P=0.3). Therefore, M. anisopliae formulated with Suneem may provide a more sustainable management strategy for malaria vectors control at larval stages.
Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fa... more Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fabriqués par une industrie sénégalaise (SENCHIM), ont été appliqués sur des larves et nymphes du moustique (Culex quinquefasciatus). Les doses ont été de 0,02 à 0,038 % (v/v) et de 0,2 à 2 % (p/v) respectivement pour l'huile de neem formulée et la poudre de neem. Les résultats dans les conditions du laboratoire ont montré que la poudre de neem était plus toxique au stade larvaire (mortalités entre 86,1 et 100 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 14,5 et 95,9 % d'adultes envolés). Cependant, l'huile de neem formulée a été efficace aussi bien au stade larvaire (mortalité entre 52,1 et 80 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 0 et 14 % d'adultes envolés). L'étude histopathologique a montré que les produits agissent au niveau du système digestif des larves après ingestion alors qu'au niveau des nymphes seul l'effet contact est observé. L'huile de neem formulée 1 % apparaît plus efficace que la poudre de neem 0,3 % pour le contrôle des moustiques en milieu aquatique.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 30, 2022
Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternati... more Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternative to the chemical control of these pests, the insecticidal effect of neem derivatives (Azadirachta indica) formulated at different doses on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) was studied. The powders obtained from the different parts of the neem were mixed with distilled water in different proportions, namely for 100ml 0g (control), 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g and 124g. The whole, consisting of water and powders of the different parts of neem, was homogenized. For each treatment, 5 repetitions were made over 5 days. The results obtained show that neem significantly reduced the populations of mealybug on the mango tree. The results also showed that neem is a very effective insecticide against these pests. This effectiveness is all the more important with almond derivatives (100% mortality at a dose of 32g per 100ml) compared to other neem derivatives.
Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie, 2010
Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fa... more Des produits de neem (Azadirachta indica) (huile de neem formulée 1 % et poudre de neem 0,3 %) fabriqués par une industrie sénégalaise (SENCHIM), ont été appliqués sur des larves et nymphes du moustique (Culex quinquefasciatus). Les doses ont été de 0,02 à 0,038 % (v/v) et de 0,2 à 2 % (p/v) respectivement pour l'huile de neem formulée et la poudre de neem. Les résultats dans les conditions du laboratoire ont montré que la poudre de neem était plus toxique au stade larvaire (mortalités entre 86,1 et 100 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 14,5 et 95,9 % d'adultes envolés). Cependant, l'huile de neem formulée a été efficace aussi bien au stade larvaire (mortalité entre 52,1 et 80 %) qu'au stade nymphal (entre 0 et 14 % d'adultes envolés). L'étude histopathologique a montré que les produits agissent au niveau du système digestif des larves après ingestion alors qu'au niveau des nymphes seul l'effet contact est observé. L'huile de neem formulée 1 % apparaît plus efficace que la poudre de neem 0,3 % pour le contrôle des moustiques en milieu aquatique.
Dakar médical, 2006
Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem product... more Histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem products are very few. The objective were to study the action of Neem products on larvae mosquitoes of Culex quinquefasciatus. The neem products (Neemix, Formulated neem oil, Pure neem oil and Neem powder) are tested on 4 instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moribund and witness larvae were fixed, for histopathologic study. The results showed the following facts: an intestinal epithelium, a bross border, a fat body and others tissues are normals at the level of the untreated larva; Fat body and muscle are not touched during the treatment of the larva with Pure neem oil; Intestinal epithelial cells slightly hypertrophied with beaches of lysis on the level of the larva treated with Neem powder; a lysis of the microvilli of brush border on the level of the witness-solvent; a destruction of the epithelial cells recorded in larva treated with a Neemix; a disappearance of the food column and a d...
African Journal of …, 2010
Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadir... more Treatment and comparative analysis of the properties of aqueous extracts of seed kernel of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was carried out on Aedes aegypti larvae. The aim of this work was to evaluate lethal effects of neem products (1% Suneem, formulated neem oil and neem powder) on A. aegypti larvae. Assays showed that A. indica was toxic to larvae of A. aegypti. For 1% Suneem, 1% formulated neem oil and neem powder, the lethal concentrations and lethal time at 50% (LC 50 and LT 50 ) for A. aegypti were 2 and 8 mg/l after 24 h and 3 mg/l after 120 h, respectively. Assays showed that Suneem and Formulated neem oil were more toxic to A. aegypti than Neem powder. Both products of the neem (A. indica, A. juss) have a remarkable influence on the development of A. aegypti larvae, causing an inhibition of nymphs and adults emergency. The Histopathological results revealed a serious damage on the epithelial columnar cells, a perturbation of alimentary flow, slightly hypertrophied cells, a beginning of vacuolisation on apical level, and a bursting of some cells in posterior part of the gut. However, nuclei, adipose tissue and muscles seem to keep normal appearance.
Metarhizium anisopliae have shown great potential for the control of malaria vectors.