Lethal Effects of the Mix (Suneem 1% and Metarhizium anisopliae) on Two Instars Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) (Say, 1823) in their Natural Sites (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Sciences, 2017
Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 10 8 to 12.5 10 8 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 10 8 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4 g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 10 8 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 10 8 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides.
2018
Two organophosphate (OP) insecticides (Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion) and one synthetic pyrethroid insecticide (Deltamethrin) were evaluated against 4 instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory condition. The larvae were collected from nearby area of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202 campus and reared at the Insect Biotechnology and Biopesticide Laboratory of Department of Entomology. For bioassay, five concentrations (viz. 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90ppm) of each of the insecticide were prepared. Ten actively swimming 4 instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus were added into respective concentration. Mortality was recorded and the LC50 and LC90 values were determined by probit analysis. The LC50 values for Fenitrothion, Deltramethrin Chlorpyrifos, and were found to be 8.88, 26.73 and 71.14ppm, respectively. Thus, the Fenitrothion exhibited comparatively higher toxicity about 3 and 8 times more toxic compared to deltamthrin and chlorpyrifos...
2020
This study aimed to investigate the mosquito larvicidal efficacy of pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin), organophosphates (chloropyrifos and dichlorvos) and a neonicotinoid (acetamiprid) against Culex quinquefasciatus of Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus were initially exposed to various concentrations (0.001 to 1.0 ppm) of these insecticides to determine the activity concentration ranges. The highest concentrations of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, chloropyrifos, dichlorvos and acetamiprid that showed no insecticidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus 4th instar larvae were 0.001, 0.0005, 0.000015, 0.001, 0.0005 and 0.001 ppm, respectively. The lowest concentration of these insecticides that were capable of insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae were 0.002, 0.001, 0.000031, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.002 ppm, respectively. The lowest concentrations of these insecticides t...
Evaluation of some insecticides against Culex pipiens, the dominant mosquito species in Abha city
— The present study was planned to test on certain chemical insecticides from different groups such as organophosphates, pyrethroids and Bioinsecticide. Among these compounds two were chemical insecticides (Propetamphos and Cypermethrin), while the third one is Bioinsecticide (Baciloid 5000: Bacillus thuringiensis) against Culex pipiens, the dominant mosquito species in Abha city. Taking LC50 values (concentration which to kill 50% of mosquito larvae) into consideration, mosquito larvae of CX. Pipes against Propetamphos was effective (LC50 0.0162 ppm) against the 3rd instar of the laboratory strain comparing with a field strain which was 0.0442 ppm. At LC90 level, data indicated that Propetamphos (LC90 0.8109 ppm) was effective insecticide against the 3rd instar larvae of laboratory strain, while against field strain gave (LC90 3.31 ppm). Similarly, the results clearly showed that Cypermethrin was also very effective insecticide (LC50 0.0132 ppm) against the adult females against laboratory strain, while against field strain Cypermethrin gave (LC50 0.1192 ppm). On the other hand, the residual activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis reached from 4 to 20 days of concentrations ranged between 0.001 to 100 p.m. in case laboratory strain, while reaching between 6-23 days of concentrations ranged between 0.001 to 100 p.m. in case field strain. Mortality percent was also found between 11.7 to 96.8% of concentrations ranged between 0.001 to 100 p.m. against laboratory strain in the 1st week, whereas ranged between 0.0 to 70.8% in the 2nd week against the same concentrations finally ranged between 0.0 to 12.7% in the 3rd week. Hence, the field collected larvae of Culex pipens were more susceptible and have prolonged residual effect as compared to laboratory reared. Keywords— Evaluation of insecticides against Culex pipiens, in Abha city.
Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Journal, 2020
Mosquitoes are one of the most dreadful creatures which are responsible for the transmission of various diseases to human beings. It is evident to find out suitable tool to control mosquitoes. In the present study, certain plant materials, plant oils and synthetic repellents were tested for their efficiency against Culex quinquefasciatus. Synthetic repellents exhibited a reasonably high protection time and suppression effect on the biting population of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Plant oils exhibited similar protection time and the percentage of suppression was on par with the synthetic repellents. The plant materials showed very low protection time but reasonably a high degree of suppression of biting population of Cx. quinquefasciatus. By using either synthetic or plant derived materials one can easily avoid mosquito bites. Since the plant materials are safer one can employ these materials to avoid mosquito biting problem and also the mosquitoborne diseases.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Culex pipiens plays a crucial role in the transmission of many vector-borne pathogens infecting humans, livestock and affecting wildlife. The present study was conducted in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Bisha University, KSA, to evaluate the insecticidal activities of aqueous, ethanolic, and acetone extracts of each of nine selected wild plants, Calotropis procera, Withania somnifera, Citrullus colocynthis, Mentha longifolia, Datura innoxia, Ziziphus spina christi , Salvadora perssica, Aerva javanica, and Punica granatum against larvae of Cx. pipiens under controlled laboratory conditions (water temperature 28 ± 2 °C, 12:12 h photoperiod). After calculating the mortality percentages among treated larvae, LC 50 values could be arranged in an ascending order as follows: acetone extract < ethanolic extract < aqueous extract of C. procera , W. somnifera, C. colocynthis, M. longifolia, D. innoxia, and Z. spina-christi, respectively. On calculating the synergistic ratio (SR), it is found that the value of SR is greater than one in all tested extracts, except of Ziziphus spina which was lower than one. The SR of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera with Triton x100 (1.39) was higher than another one .
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017
Anopheles and Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes are two of the major medically important pests in the Sudan. The present work objectives was to explore the larvicidal activity of local plants, viz. Nerium oleander L, Calotropis procera L. and Ricinus communis (khirwie) powders and aqueous-extracts of leaves and flowers of the first-two, and seeds of castor tested aganist 3rd and 4th instar larvae of A. arabiensis and C. quinquefasciatus, according to the standard methodes of WHO for rearing and assessment of mosquitoes susceptibility. Powder (3g) was suspended in 1L of tap water in a beaker (Replicate). Larvae (20/beaker) from both species were added separately to each replicate. Each treatment was replicated 3x, and the experiment was repeated twice. Mortality % was recoded after 24 hr. New set of 20 larvae was added to the same beaker every day after removing the previous group; the removal and addition was continued until 0% mortality was obtained. Regarding the aqueous-extra...
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004
Four synthetic mosquito repellents (Autan [10% KBR3023], IR3535 [7.5%], Off! [15% deet], Skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (Bite Blocker [2% soybean oil], ByGone, GonE!, Natrapel [10% citronella], Neem Aura, Sunswat, MosquitoSafe [25% geraniol], and Repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes albopictus Skuse, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say). When estimated mean protection time (eMPT) responses for each repellent were averaged for all three mosquito species, Autan, Bite Blocker, Off!, and Repel prevented biting for Ն7.2 h; IR3535, MosquitoSafe, and Skinsations for 3.2Ð 4.8 h; and ByGone, Natrapel, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat for 0.9 Ð2.3 h. Against Ae. albopictus, the eMPT for Off! and Repel exceeded 7.0 h and ranged from 5.0 to 5.7 h for Autan, Bite Blocker, and Skinsations. Bygone, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat provided 0.2 h protection against Ae. albopictus and Oc. triseriatus, whereas Autan, Bite Blocker, Off!, and Repel prevented bites by Oc. triseriatus for Ն7.3 h. All 12 repellents provided an eMPT Ն2.8 h against Cx. nigripalpus (maximum: 8.5 h for Bite Blocker). When the average eMPT for each repellent (for all species) was divided by the eMPT for 7% deet (Skinsations), the order of repellent effectiveness and the corresponding repellency index (R i) was Repel (1.7) Ͼ Bite Blocker (1.5) ϭ Autan (1.5) ϭ Off! (1.5) Ͼ Skinsations (1.0) Ͼ IR3535 (0.8) Ͼ MosquitoSafe (0.6) Ͼ Natrapel (0.5) Ͼ Neem Aura (0.3) ϭ SunSwat (0.3) ϭ Bygone (0.3) Ͼ GonE (0.2).
Unique Efficacy of certain Novel Herbicides against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito under Laboratory Conditions, 2016
Background: Culex pipiens is considered as serious pest all over the world which transfers remarkable transmitted diseases. Objective: Toxicity of pyrethriod insecticide, deltamethrin, the three acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitor herbicides fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim, and two enzyme, 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase inhibitor herbicides, glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate-isopropyl ammonium against the fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera, Culicidae) after 24, 48, 72-h of exposure were evaluated in the laboratory and expressed as LC50 and LC90 in mg L-1 (mg a.i L-1). Results: Results indicated that all the tested pesticides exhibited toxicity against the fourth instar larvae of C. pipiens, and the toxicity increased after 48 and 72-h when compared with the 24-h results. The pyrethriod insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic pesticide among the tested pesticides especially after 72-h. Although ACCase-inhibitor herbicides were designed to kill and inhibit grassy weeds it also showed toxicity and reduction in survival of C. pipiens larvae. Among the tested herbicides, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and fluazifop-p-butyl were the most potent herbicides against the fourth instar larvae of C. pipiens after 24, 48, and 72-h of exposure while clethodim was the least toxic pesticide. Conclusion: This study is considered the first report on the toxicity effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim on C. pipiens larvae in Africa particular in Egypt.