Ricardo Sado - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ricardo Sado

Anatomy of Teleosts and elasmobranchs

This chapter shows the high diversity of Neotropical freshwater teleost and elasmobranchs anatomy... more This chapter shows the high diversity of Neotropical freshwater teleost and elasmobranchs anatomy, presenting a general view of the tegument, scales, fins, digestive system, swim bladder, Weberian apparatus, renal, reproductive, nervous, and endocrine system. In addition, this chapter dwells on the main anatomical features of Neotropical, freshwater sting ray, Characins, Siluriforms, and Cichlidae.

This study set out to evaluate inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with... more This study set out to evaluate inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with BCG in modern Centropomus sp. fish. BCG was applied through intramuscular injection in the caudal peduncular region, and samples were collected for analyses at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 33 post-injection. Acute phase inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by predominant mononuclear cells, intersticial edema, and muscular tissue necrosis. As the inflammatory response evolved, the lesion organized into a granuloma formed by epithelioid cells. These epithelioid cells were positive for the S100 protein and cytokeratin at histochemical analysis, which demonstrates macrophage and secretory activity, besides ultra-structural analysis showed desmosomic junctions within adjacent cells. It didn't have an expressive participation of giant cells and pigment containing cells in the inflammatory reaction, suggesting that it's a specie-specific characteristic.

Prebiótico (Mananoligossacarídeo-MOS) na nutrição de peixes: Efeitos sobre o desempenho de Tilápias-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus

Boletim De Industria Animal, 2012

Hematología de juveniles de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) alimentado con raciones suplidas con manan oligosacáridos (MOS)

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, Mar 1, 2014

Sicite 2012, Oct 15, 2012

Resumo -Baixo desempenho dos peixes devido à fatores estressantes em sistemas intensivos de produ... more Resumo -Baixo desempenho dos peixes devido à fatores estressantes em sistemas intensivos de produção limitam o desenvolvimento econômico dos sistemas aquaculturais. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da suplementação de níveis crescentes de mananoligossacarideos na dieta de tilápias-do-Nilo sobre seu crescimento. Juvenis de tilápia do Nilo provenientes de piscicultura comercial foram distribuídos em 16 grupos homogêneos e distribuídos aleatoriamente compondo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0,0; 0,2, 0,4 e 0,8% de inclusão de MOS na dieta) e quatro repetições (n=4). Após 30 dias de alimentação foi realizada a biometria dos animais e cálculo dos índices de desempenho. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso, índice de conversão alimentar e taxa de crescimento específico. Peixes alimentados com dietas contendo 0,4 e 0,8% de MOS na dieta apresentaram maior consumo de ração (p<0,05), quando comparados à dieta controle. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar os mecanismos de ação dos prebióticos sobre o crescimento de peixes.

Extrato etanólico de própolis na nutrição e alimentação do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887): efeitos sobre o crescimento e morfologia intestinal

Anais do XX Seminário de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica da UTFPR, 2015

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their health. This study determined the effects of increasing levels of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (ActiveMOS®-Biorigin) on biochemical and hematological parameters of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish (44.04 ± 5.27 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% MOS. Blood samples were collected at 42 and 63 trial. Red blood cell count (RBC) and total plasmatic protein were affected by dietary MOS levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed 1.0% dietary MOS presented higher neutrophils numbers when compared to fish fed control diet and fish fed 1.5% MOS for 42 days presented significant higher granulocytic cell numbers. During trial fish presented increased (P < 0.05) hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and ...

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2015

The extraction process of bioactive compounds from propolis produced by selected bees was optimiz... more The extraction process of bioactive compounds from propolis produced by selected bees was optimized using a 2³ factorial design planning to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration, time and temperature on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Analysis of total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and chemical characterization performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection were carried out in optimal conditions of extraction. Optimizing results suggest that the best condition for extraction of bioactive compounds was obtained in higher levels: time (45 min), temperature (70 °C) and concentration of ethanol (80%). The extract evaluated in optimal conditions presented good antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and chromatographic analysis identified phenolic acids: para-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic, indicating that this material is a potential source of bioactive compounds.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2013

Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary im... more Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary imbalances or deficiencies may lead to diseases outbreaks and economic losses. This study was set out to determine the effects of increasing levels of dietary vitamin E on growth and hematology of juvenile pacu. Fishes were fed for 90 days, twice a day until apparent satiation with semi-purified diets containing 0.0; 25; 50; 150; 300 or 600 mg.kg-1 diet DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in a completely randomized design trial (n=4); biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. Fishes fed with vit E diet (150 mg.kg-1) showed higher (p<0.05) weight gain and specific growth. Hematocrit, erythroblast number and total plasma protein were increased (p<0.05) in fishes fed diet with no vit E diet. Vitamin E supplementation in artificial diets for pacu is essential for growth and maintenance of normal erythropoiesis.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2014

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their growth and limit profitability of aquaculture systems. This study determined effects of increasing levels of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on growth and intestine morphology of pacu. Fish (44.04 g) were randomly distributed into 32 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% dietary mannanoligosaccharides. Growth parameters did not differ (P>0.05) between fish fed control diet and mannanoligosaccharide supplemented diets. Intestinal villi perimeter was performed in fish fed control diet, 0.4 and 1.5% dietary mannanoligosaccharides and also showed no differences (P>0.05) between treatments. Dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides unclear did not have effects on pacu. Studies on the characterization of intestinal microbiota together with experiment that reproduce commercial fish production systems rearing conditions are necessary to determine the effective use of this dietary supplement for the species.

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 2014

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their health. This study determined the effects of increasing levels of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (ActiveMOS ® -Biorigin) on biochemical and hematological parameters of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish (44.04 ± 5.27 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% MOS. Blood samples were collected at 42 and 63 trial. Red blood cell count (RBC) and total plasmatic protein were affected by dietary MOS levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed 1.0% dietary MOS presented higher neutrophils numbers when compared to fish fed control diet and fish fed 1.5% MOS for 42 days presented significant higher granulocytic cell numbers. During trial fish presented increased (P < 0.05) hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and plasmatic glucose concentrations and decreased (P < 0.05) RBC, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell and differential leukocyte count. Dietary MOS levels did not present prebiotic effects for pacu and did not minimize stress effects on hematological and biochemical parameters for the species.

A piscicultura e o ambiente: o uso de alimentos ambientalmente corretos em piscicultura

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2010

Although fish nutrition science is far from establishing general standards of nutritional require... more Although fish nutrition science is far from establishing general standards of nutritional requirements, the need for developing low impact feeds has long been included in the agenda of aquaculture&amp;#x27;s international scientific and business communities of. Not only is ...

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2012

The objective of this work was to evaluate corn gluten meal (CGM) as a substitute for fish meal i... more The objective of this work was to evaluate corn gluten meal (CGM) as a substitute for fish meal in diets for striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) juveniles. Eight isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isoenergetic (3,450 kcal kg -1 digestible energy) diets, with increasing levels of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 42% -, were fed to juvenile striped catfish (113.56±5.10 g) for seven weeks. Maximum values for weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio, evaluated by polynomial quadratic regression, were observed with 10.4, 11.4, 15.4 and 15% of CGM inclusion, respectively. Feed intake decreased significantly from 0.8% CGM. Mesenteric fat index and body gross energy decreased linearly with increasing levels of CGM; minimum body protein contents were observed with 34.1% CGM. Yellow pigmentation of fillets significantly increased until 26.5% CGM, and decreased from this point forth. Both plasma glucose and protein concentrations decreased with increased CGM levels. The inclusion of 10-15% CGM promotes optimum of striped catfish juveniles depending on the parameter evaluated. Yellow coloration in fillets produced by CGM diets can have marketing implications.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2010

Diseases outbreaks are a major concern in intensive fish farming because fish are exposed to stre... more Diseases outbreaks are a major concern in intensive fish farming because fish are exposed to stressors which may negatively affect their physiology. This study set out to determine effects of dietary levamisole (Levamisole HCl; SIGMA ® ) on performance and hematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, juveniles. Fish (55.94 g) were stocked into 24 plastic aquaria (500 L; 15 fish per aquarium) and fed for 30 d with a commercial diet with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg levamisole, and for an extra 15 d, with a control diet in a totally randomized design trial (n = 4). Biometrical and hematological data were collected. No significant differences in growth parameters were recorded for either control or supplemented diets. Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, plasma glucose, white blood count (WBC), and differential leukocyte count were influenced (P < 0.05) levamisole. WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and special granulocytic cell numbers decreased significantly after 15 d. Dietary levamisole at 100 mg/kg diet for 15 d increased leukocyte production in juvenile pacu. However, levamisole administration for more than 15 d presented toxicity to lymphopoietic tissues. Information about long-period administration, mode of action in weight gain, effects on hematology of levamisole in freshwater fish nutrition are scarce and necessary for its safe use in aquaculture.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2008

Impaired immune system by environmental stressors can lead fishes to be more susceptible to disea... more Impaired immune system by environmental stressors can lead fishes to be more susceptible to diseases that limit the economic development of aquaculture systems. This study was set out to determine the effect of six levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; ActiveMOS Ò ; Biorigin, Lenc xois Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil) on the performance index and hematology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Fish (13.62 g) were randomly distributed into 18 plastic aquaria (300 L; 20 fishes per aquarium) and fed during 45 d with a commercial diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% dietary MOS, in a totally randomized design trial (n 5 3); biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between fish fed control and MOS supplementation diets, and daily feed consumption (FC) decreased (P , 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary MOS. Dietary MOS did not increase leukocyte count and presented negative effects on FC of Nile tilapia. At 0.4% MOS supplementation, the individual weight gain was higher in absolute values but not different (P . 0.05) compared to control diet.

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inocu... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with BCG in the primitive Arius sp. fish. The BCG was applied through the intramuscular injection in the caudal peduncular region, and the samples were collected for the analyses at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 33 post-injection. Acute phase inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by the predominant mononuclear cells, intersticial edema, and muscular tissue necrosis. As the inflammatory response evolved, a large number of multinuclear giant cells were formed containing the BCG. These giant cells were positive for the S100 protein at the histochemical analysis, which demonstrate the macrofage activity, confirmed by the ultra-structural analysis showing the lack of the cytoplasmic membrane enveloping the many nuclei within the giant cell. These results led to the conclusion that Arius sp. fish injected with the BCG showed a difuse inflammatory response characterized by a large number of mononuclear cells, absence of granuloma formation, and predominant giant cells.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2012

fed increasing levels of ractopamine [Crescimento, composição corporal e hematologia de juvenis d... more fed increasing levels of ractopamine [Crescimento, composição corporal e hematologia de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com quantidades crescentes de ractopamina]

Aquaculture Research, 2009

Haematopoiesis and blood cells'functions can be in£uenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. ... more Haematopoiesis and blood cells'functions can be in£uenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the e¡ects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 AE 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg À 1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg À 1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5  5 factorial scheme (n 5 3). Weight gain and speci¢c growth rate were a¡ected (Po0.05) by protein level only. Protein e⁄ciency ratio decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was a¡ected (Po0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased (Po0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu ¢ngerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271g kg À 1 and 22.18 g CP MJ À 1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to ¢sh health. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard 486 No claim to original US government works Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 à Haematocrit. wTotal red blood cell count. zHaemoglobin. ‰Mean corpuscular volume. zMean corpuscular haemoglobin. kMean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Ãà Total plasma protein. wwPlasma glucose. zzPlasma triglycerides. ‰‰Pooled means without di¡erentiation of dietary DE. zzPooled means without di¡erentiation of dietary CP. Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2010

Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production... more Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production cost. This work evaluated effects of dietary protein : energy ratio on growth and body composition of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 ± 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent satiation with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg )1 crude protein (CP) and 10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 or 14.2 MJ kg )1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 · 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Weight gain, specific growth rate increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when CP increased from 220 to 271, 268 and 281 g kg )1 respectively. Pacu was able to adjust feed consumption in a wide range of dietary DE concentration. Fish fed 260 CP diets showed best (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and FCR with 11.7-12.6 MJ kg )1 ; but for the 380 CP-diets group, significant differences were observed only at 14.2 MJ kg )1 dietary energy level, suggesting that pacu favours protein as energy source. DE was the chief influence on whole body chemical composition. Minimum dietary protein requirement of pacu is 270 g kg )1 , with an optimum CP : DE of 22.2 g MJ )1 .

Anatomy of Teleosts and elasmobranchs

This chapter shows the high diversity of Neotropical freshwater teleost and elasmobranchs anatomy... more This chapter shows the high diversity of Neotropical freshwater teleost and elasmobranchs anatomy, presenting a general view of the tegument, scales, fins, digestive system, swim bladder, Weberian apparatus, renal, reproductive, nervous, and endocrine system. In addition, this chapter dwells on the main anatomical features of Neotropical, freshwater sting ray, Characins, Siluriforms, and Cichlidae.

This study set out to evaluate inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with... more This study set out to evaluate inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with BCG in modern Centropomus sp. fish. BCG was applied through intramuscular injection in the caudal peduncular region, and samples were collected for analyses at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 33 post-injection. Acute phase inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by predominant mononuclear cells, intersticial edema, and muscular tissue necrosis. As the inflammatory response evolved, the lesion organized into a granuloma formed by epithelioid cells. These epithelioid cells were positive for the S100 protein and cytokeratin at histochemical analysis, which demonstrates macrophage and secretory activity, besides ultra-structural analysis showed desmosomic junctions within adjacent cells. It didn't have an expressive participation of giant cells and pigment containing cells in the inflammatory reaction, suggesting that it's a specie-specific characteristic.

Prebiótico (Mananoligossacarídeo-MOS) na nutrição de peixes: Efeitos sobre o desempenho de Tilápias-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus

Boletim De Industria Animal, 2012

Hematología de juveniles de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) alimentado con raciones suplidas con manan oligosacáridos (MOS)

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, Mar 1, 2014

Sicite 2012, Oct 15, 2012

Resumo -Baixo desempenho dos peixes devido à fatores estressantes em sistemas intensivos de produ... more Resumo -Baixo desempenho dos peixes devido à fatores estressantes em sistemas intensivos de produção limitam o desenvolvimento econômico dos sistemas aquaculturais. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da suplementação de níveis crescentes de mananoligossacarideos na dieta de tilápias-do-Nilo sobre seu crescimento. Juvenis de tilápia do Nilo provenientes de piscicultura comercial foram distribuídos em 16 grupos homogêneos e distribuídos aleatoriamente compondo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0,0; 0,2, 0,4 e 0,8% de inclusão de MOS na dieta) e quatro repetições (n=4). Após 30 dias de alimentação foi realizada a biometria dos animais e cálculo dos índices de desempenho. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso, índice de conversão alimentar e taxa de crescimento específico. Peixes alimentados com dietas contendo 0,4 e 0,8% de MOS na dieta apresentaram maior consumo de ração (p<0,05), quando comparados à dieta controle. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar os mecanismos de ação dos prebióticos sobre o crescimento de peixes.

Extrato etanólico de própolis na nutrição e alimentação do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887): efeitos sobre o crescimento e morfologia intestinal

Anais do XX Seminário de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica da UTFPR, 2015

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their health. This study determined the effects of increasing levels of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (ActiveMOS®-Biorigin) on biochemical and hematological parameters of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish (44.04 ± 5.27 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% MOS. Blood samples were collected at 42 and 63 trial. Red blood cell count (RBC) and total plasmatic protein were affected by dietary MOS levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed 1.0% dietary MOS presented higher neutrophils numbers when compared to fish fed control diet and fish fed 1.5% MOS for 42 days presented significant higher granulocytic cell numbers. During trial fish presented increased (P < 0.05) hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and ...

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2015

The extraction process of bioactive compounds from propolis produced by selected bees was optimiz... more The extraction process of bioactive compounds from propolis produced by selected bees was optimized using a 2³ factorial design planning to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration, time and temperature on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Analysis of total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and chemical characterization performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection were carried out in optimal conditions of extraction. Optimizing results suggest that the best condition for extraction of bioactive compounds was obtained in higher levels: time (45 min), temperature (70 °C) and concentration of ethanol (80%). The extract evaluated in optimal conditions presented good antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and chromatographic analysis identified phenolic acids: para-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic, indicating that this material is a potential source of bioactive compounds.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2013

Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary im... more Intensive fish production systems are characterized by 100% artificial feeding, so any dietary imbalances or deficiencies may lead to diseases outbreaks and economic losses. This study was set out to determine the effects of increasing levels of dietary vitamin E on growth and hematology of juvenile pacu. Fishes were fed for 90 days, twice a day until apparent satiation with semi-purified diets containing 0.0; 25; 50; 150; 300 or 600 mg.kg-1 diet DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in a completely randomized design trial (n=4); biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. Fishes fed with vit E diet (150 mg.kg-1) showed higher (p<0.05) weight gain and specific growth. Hematocrit, erythroblast number and total plasma protein were increased (p<0.05) in fishes fed diet with no vit E diet. Vitamin E supplementation in artificial diets for pacu is essential for growth and maintenance of normal erythropoiesis.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2014

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their growth and limit profitability of aquaculture systems. This study determined effects of increasing levels of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on growth and intestine morphology of pacu. Fish (44.04 g) were randomly distributed into 32 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% dietary mannanoligosaccharides. Growth parameters did not differ (P>0.05) between fish fed control diet and mannanoligosaccharide supplemented diets. Intestinal villi perimeter was performed in fish fed control diet, 0.4 and 1.5% dietary mannanoligosaccharides and also showed no differences (P>0.05) between treatments. Dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides unclear did not have effects on pacu. Studies on the characterization of intestinal microbiota together with experiment that reproduce commercial fish production systems rearing conditions are necessary to determine the effective use of this dietary supplement for the species.

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 2014

Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may n... more Intensification of aquaculture production systems exposes fish to numerous stressors, which may negatively affect their health. This study determined the effects of increasing levels of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (ActiveMOS ® -Biorigin) on biochemical and hematological parameters of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fish (44.04 ± 5.27 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (500 L; 10 fishes per tank) and fed during 63 days with a commercial diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% MOS. Blood samples were collected at 42 and 63 trial. Red blood cell count (RBC) and total plasmatic protein were affected by dietary MOS levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed 1.0% dietary MOS presented higher neutrophils numbers when compared to fish fed control diet and fish fed 1.5% MOS for 42 days presented significant higher granulocytic cell numbers. During trial fish presented increased (P < 0.05) hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and plasmatic glucose concentrations and decreased (P < 0.05) RBC, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell and differential leukocyte count. Dietary MOS levels did not present prebiotic effects for pacu and did not minimize stress effects on hematological and biochemical parameters for the species.

A piscicultura e o ambiente: o uso de alimentos ambientalmente corretos em piscicultura

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2010

Although fish nutrition science is far from establishing general standards of nutritional require... more Although fish nutrition science is far from establishing general standards of nutritional requirements, the need for developing low impact feeds has long been included in the agenda of aquaculture&amp;#x27;s international scientific and business communities of. Not only is ...

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2012

The objective of this work was to evaluate corn gluten meal (CGM) as a substitute for fish meal i... more The objective of this work was to evaluate corn gluten meal (CGM) as a substitute for fish meal in diets for striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) juveniles. Eight isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isoenergetic (3,450 kcal kg -1 digestible energy) diets, with increasing levels of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 42% -, were fed to juvenile striped catfish (113.56±5.10 g) for seven weeks. Maximum values for weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio, evaluated by polynomial quadratic regression, were observed with 10.4, 11.4, 15.4 and 15% of CGM inclusion, respectively. Feed intake decreased significantly from 0.8% CGM. Mesenteric fat index and body gross energy decreased linearly with increasing levels of CGM; minimum body protein contents were observed with 34.1% CGM. Yellow pigmentation of fillets significantly increased until 26.5% CGM, and decreased from this point forth. Both plasma glucose and protein concentrations decreased with increased CGM levels. The inclusion of 10-15% CGM promotes optimum of striped catfish juveniles depending on the parameter evaluated. Yellow coloration in fillets produced by CGM diets can have marketing implications.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2010

Diseases outbreaks are a major concern in intensive fish farming because fish are exposed to stre... more Diseases outbreaks are a major concern in intensive fish farming because fish are exposed to stressors which may negatively affect their physiology. This study set out to determine effects of dietary levamisole (Levamisole HCl; SIGMA ® ) on performance and hematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, juveniles. Fish (55.94 g) were stocked into 24 plastic aquaria (500 L; 15 fish per aquarium) and fed for 30 d with a commercial diet with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg levamisole, and for an extra 15 d, with a control diet in a totally randomized design trial (n = 4). Biometrical and hematological data were collected. No significant differences in growth parameters were recorded for either control or supplemented diets. Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, plasma glucose, white blood count (WBC), and differential leukocyte count were influenced (P < 0.05) levamisole. WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and special granulocytic cell numbers decreased significantly after 15 d. Dietary levamisole at 100 mg/kg diet for 15 d increased leukocyte production in juvenile pacu. However, levamisole administration for more than 15 d presented toxicity to lymphopoietic tissues. Information about long-period administration, mode of action in weight gain, effects on hematology of levamisole in freshwater fish nutrition are scarce and necessary for its safe use in aquaculture.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2008

Impaired immune system by environmental stressors can lead fishes to be more susceptible to disea... more Impaired immune system by environmental stressors can lead fishes to be more susceptible to diseases that limit the economic development of aquaculture systems. This study was set out to determine the effect of six levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; ActiveMOS Ò ; Biorigin, Lenc xois Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil) on the performance index and hematology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Fish (13.62 g) were randomly distributed into 18 plastic aquaria (300 L; 20 fishes per aquarium) and fed during 45 d with a commercial diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% dietary MOS, in a totally randomized design trial (n 5 3); biometrical and hematological data were collected and analyzed. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between fish fed control and MOS supplementation diets, and daily feed consumption (FC) decreased (P , 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary MOS. Dietary MOS did not increase leukocyte count and presented negative effects on FC of Nile tilapia. At 0.4% MOS supplementation, the individual weight gain was higher in absolute values but not different (P . 0.05) compared to control diet.

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inocu... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response kinetics after experimental inoculation with BCG in the primitive Arius sp. fish. The BCG was applied through the intramuscular injection in the caudal peduncular region, and the samples were collected for the analyses at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 33 post-injection. Acute phase inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by the predominant mononuclear cells, intersticial edema, and muscular tissue necrosis. As the inflammatory response evolved, a large number of multinuclear giant cells were formed containing the BCG. These giant cells were positive for the S100 protein at the histochemical analysis, which demonstrate the macrofage activity, confirmed by the ultra-structural analysis showing the lack of the cytoplasmic membrane enveloping the many nuclei within the giant cell. These results led to the conclusion that Arius sp. fish injected with the BCG showed a difuse inflammatory response characterized by a large number of mononuclear cells, absence of granuloma formation, and predominant giant cells.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2012

fed increasing levels of ractopamine [Crescimento, composição corporal e hematologia de juvenis d... more fed increasing levels of ractopamine [Crescimento, composição corporal e hematologia de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com quantidades crescentes de ractopamina]

Aquaculture Research, 2009

Haematopoiesis and blood cells'functions can be in£uenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. ... more Haematopoiesis and blood cells'functions can be in£uenced by dietary concentration of nutrients. This paper studied the e¡ects of dietary protein:energy ratio on the growth and haematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 AE 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg À 1 crude protein (CP) and 10.88, 11.72, 12.55, 13.39, 14.22 MJ kg À 1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5  5 factorial scheme (n 5 3). Weight gain and speci¢c growth rate were a¡ected (Po0.05) by protein level only. Protein e⁄ciency ratio decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all levels of dietary energy. Daily feed intake decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary energy. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was a¡ected (Po0.05) by DE and interaction between dietary CP and DE. Total plasma protein increased (Po0.05) with dietary protein and energy levels. Plasma glucose decreased (Po0.05) with increasing dietary protein. The CP requirement and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of pacu ¢ngerlings, determined using broken-line model, were 271g kg À 1 and 22.18 g CP MJ À 1 DE respectively. All dietary CP and DE levels studied did not pose damages to ¢sh health. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard 486 No claim to original US government works Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 à Haematocrit. wTotal red blood cell count. zHaemoglobin. ‰Mean corpuscular volume. zMean corpuscular haemoglobin. kMean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Ãà Total plasma protein. wwPlasma glucose. zzPlasma triglycerides. ‰‰Pooled means without di¡erentiation of dietary DE. zzPooled means without di¡erentiation of dietary CP. Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495 Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 486^495 Growth and haematology of pacu A Ł J deAlmeida Bicudo et al. r 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard No claim to original US government works, Aquaculture Research, 40, 486^495

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2010

Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production... more Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production cost. This work evaluated effects of dietary protein : energy ratio on growth and body composition of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 ± 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent satiation with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg )1 crude protein (CP) and 10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 or 14.2 MJ kg )1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 · 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Weight gain, specific growth rate increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when CP increased from 220 to 271, 268 and 281 g kg )1 respectively. Pacu was able to adjust feed consumption in a wide range of dietary DE concentration. Fish fed 260 CP diets showed best (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and FCR with 11.7-12.6 MJ kg )1 ; but for the 380 CP-diets group, significant differences were observed only at 14.2 MJ kg )1 dietary energy level, suggesting that pacu favours protein as energy source. DE was the chief influence on whole body chemical composition. Minimum dietary protein requirement of pacu is 270 g kg )1 , with an optimum CP : DE of 22.2 g MJ )1 .