Robert Hammell - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Robert Hammell

International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing, 2016

Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, Aug 1, 2017

IGI Global eBooks, May 26, 2010

Cyber defenders must make decisions under uncertainty using incomplete information. Information a... more Cyber defenders must make decisions under uncertainty using incomplete information. Information and communications networks are dynamic and complex; characteristics that contribute heavily to uncertainty.

2016 Cybersecurity Symposium (CYBERSEC), 2016

In this paper we consider the problem of host-level packet loss (HLPL) as it applies to network i... more In this paper we consider the problem of host-level packet loss (HLPL) as it applies to network intrusion detection. We explore two research questions: 1) is the manifestation of HLPL sufficiently regular to allow an algorithm to be developed to model it? and 2) is the impact of HLPL on network intrusion detection performance sufficiently regular to allow a formula to be developed that will predict the effect? We constructed two experimental environments to allow us to measure the manifestation of HLPL and the impact of HLPL. We graphed the packet loss rate against the alert loss rate. We used nonlinear regression analysis to produce a model with an adjusted R squared value close enough to 1 for us to answer both of our research questions in the affirmative.

Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems

Effective decision-making is critical for emergency planners before, during, and after emergencie... more Effective decision-making is critical for emergency planners before, during, and after emergencies or disasters. Making a timely decision in these situations is complicated and dynamic, presenting conflicting criteria amongst numerous alternatives. This work proposes augmenting the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) hybrid methodology of AHP-TOPSIS with dynamic-case handling (DCH) calculations. This method is evaluated with an illustrative example of three interrelated scenarios that rank ten counties based on vulnerability related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical results demonstrate that the AHP-TOPSIS method coupled with DCH calculations is a realistic decision-making approach.

Computación y Sistemas, 2021

When emergencies or disasters strike, decision-making is a critical component in emergency manage... more When emergencies or disasters strike, decision-making is a critical component in emergency management. One area of emergency management is ensuring that vulnerable communities are identified and can get the aid they need before, during, and after emergency events. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to improve decision-making in dynamic and complex situations. We propose that Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), specifically a hybrid methodology of AHP-TOPSIS, is an approach that can be utilized in AI that can help evaluate, prioritize, and select the most favorable alternative based on computation of the criteria. A study was conducted considering the positive COVID-19 cases in randomly selected counties in three states - Texas, California, and Oklahoma - that have historically experienced the most declared emergencies. The empirical results from the three cases (one case for each state) demonstrate the superiority of the AHP-TOPSIS approach.

2022 Joint 12th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 23rd International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS&ISIS)

This paper proposes a framework for the objective and accurate estimation of software project sch... more This paper proposes a framework for the objective and accurate estimation of software project schedules in the proposal preparation stage, while taking into account project uncertainty. The project size, resource effort, and the Project Delivery Rate (PDR) value are fundamental to the software project schedule estimation process, and such factors are calculated and determined by function point analysis and the equations and data repository of the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG). Project uncertainty is accounted for so that numerous possibilities may be explored. The framework provides a probabilistic approach by using the @RISK tool which is based on Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) analysis. This approach generates a schedule estimation range; this range is then narrowed by applying the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) to the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) which reduces the overall uncertainty and increases the schedule accuracy. WBS Chart Pro is us...

2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA), 2019

The problem of aggregating multiple opinions from multiple individuals presents a decision making... more The problem of aggregating multiple opinions from multiple individuals presents a decision making challenge. Within the realm of military intelligence analyst decision support, this work considers the matter of aggregating information by first starting with the task of ranking multiple independent judgments from multiple independent individuals. The overarching goal of this research campaign is to investigate the use of heuristic and probabilistic aggregation models with respect to the Value of Information (VoI) problem domain. This paper presents discussion about ongoing VoI research and an exploratory experiment using the Borda count model. The results from the experiment demonstrate the efficacy of the Borda method in aggregating people’s opinions and clearly highlight the “wisdom of the crowd” effect. Future research directions are also offered.

Determining the relative importance of vast amounts of individual pieces of information presents ... more Determining the relative importance of vast amounts of individual pieces of information presents a significant challenge in the military intelligence domain. Using Subject Matter Expert (SME) knowledge to create decision support tools requires aggregation of the various experts' knowledge. The goal of this research endeavor is to investigate a Bayesian inference model for aggregating opinions of military intelligence analysts with respect to the Value of Information (VoI) problem. This paper discusses ongoing VoI research and presents results from an experiment using the Bayesian Thurstonian ranking aggregation model. The Thurstonian rankings are compared to the “ground truth” as generated by the current fuzzy-based VoI prototype system. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the Thurstonian method in aggregating SME opinions and clearly demonstrate the well-know “wisdom of the crowd” effect. Implications related to ongoing VoI research are discussed along with future research pl...

International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies, 2016

Data for military intelligence operations are increasing at astronomical rates. As a result, sign... more Data for military intelligence operations are increasing at astronomical rates. As a result, significant cognitive and temporal resources are required to determine which information is relevant to a particular situation. Soft computing techniques, such as fuzzy logic, have recently been applied toward decision support systems to support military intelligence analysts in selecting relevant and reliable data within the military decision making process. This article examines the development of one such system and its evaluation using a constructive simulation and human performance model to provided critical understanding of how this conceptual information system might interact with personnel, organizational, and system architectures. In addition, similarities between military intelligence analysts and cyber intelligence analysts are detailed along with a plan for transitioning the current fuzzy-based system to the cyber security domain.

2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07), 2007

ABSTRACT In our ever expanding network-centric, serviceoriented environments, human-agent collabo... more ABSTRACT In our ever expanding network-centric, serviceoriented environments, human-agent collaboration is becoming increasingly more important to the success of future automated decision support models. Effective information retrieval, information analysis, information management and presentation will rely on stronger collaboration between the user (human) and their automated decision assistants (agents). This paper explores the utility of concept maps as an effective medium for improving human-agent collaboration within the scope of a naturalistic decision making (NDM) model; specifically the agent-based R-CAST system derived from Klein's Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) Model.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1994

2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2013

ABSTRACT A major tenet of the US Army's data-to-decision initiative and a primary challen... more ABSTRACT A major tenet of the US Army's data-to-decision initiative and a primary challenge for military commanders and their staff is the ability to shorten the cycle time from data gathering to decisions. Today, military operations require information from an unprecedented number of sources resulting in an unprecedented volume of collected data. Required are decision support technologies to improve the synthesis of data to decisions. Paramount to this process is the ability to better assess the applicability and relevance of information for decisions in complex military environments. Towards this end, this paper presents a soft computing approach and early results for calculating the Value of Information (VoI) in complex military environments using fuzzy associative memory as an effectively framework for contextually tuning its value based on content, reliability and latency.