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Papers by Rodolfo Salazar
Several definitions: Land Administration: ' the process of determining, recording and disseminati... more Several definitions: Land Administration: ' the process of determining, recording and dissemination information about tenure, value and use of land when implementing land management policies' (UN/ECE, 1996) Land administration is the process of regulating land and property development and the use and conservation of the land; the gathering of revenues from the land through sales, leasing, and taxation; and resolving of conflicts concerning ownership and use of land (Dale and McLaughlin, 1999) The processes run by government using public-or privatesector agencies related to land tenure, land value, land use, and land development (Williamson, et al., 2010)
The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the ... more The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the past two centuries. In order to avoid future devastating destructions in a given part in the coastline, we have estimated the economic effects of a potential future tsunami for one small Pacific town in Ecuador in order to analyze such potential cost of damages and compare it with a proposed resettlement value of the entire town. In past, most of the known resettlement projects have been realized as result of a natural disaster or a planning infrastructure such as hydro-electrical plants. Yet, in this study, we have considered to propose to policy makers and other authorities to take into account that a resettlement plan should be realized prior an impact by one the most deadly natural hazard. The results include four different scenarios of economic losses as a result of a potential tsunami, using human losses as the only variable that vary. Potential economic losses vary from 441 US$ up to 620 US$ millions, when compared to a potential resettlement and associated costs based on the four scenarios. The B/C ratio is favorable to town resettlement as Government’s preventing policy favoring an intelligent reduction and prevention of vulnerability and loss of human life.
Networks of academic and higher education institutions are proven platforms for knowledge sharing... more Networks of academic and higher education institutions are proven platforms for knowledge sharing and experiences in education exchange. During the International Workshop LALA LADM+, 5-9 November 2018 in Quito Ecuador, organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (ESPE University) Ecuador and Kadaster International together with Faculty ITC University of Twente from the Netherlands, Latin America Land Administration Network - LALAN was established. Representatives from seven countries from Latin American continent, Spain and the Netherlands were present at the workshop. The objective of this network is to: perform activities that can support capacity development and sharing knowledge in both fit-for-purpose and responsible land administration within the Latin America Land Administration Network of education institutions. This paper presents the process of establishment of LALAN, the network’s objective and planned activities for the coming period.
Land
Land administration is established to manage the people-to-land relationship. However, it is beli... more Land administration is established to manage the people-to-land relationship. However, it is believed that 70% of the land in developing countries is unregistered. In the case of Ecuador, the government has an ambitious strategy to implement a national cadaster on the full territory in a short time period. Therefore, the objective of this study was the assessment of land administration in Ecuador based on the fit-for-purpose approach as an assessment framework. A literature review was performed on the topic of land administration, including guidelines for improvement and assessment frameworks. The basic concept of fit-for-purpose land administration was reviewed with the three frameworks, which are: spatial, legal, and institutional. Interviews and focus group discussions were performed in Ecuador for collecting primary and secondary data about land administration in this country. Results from these activities are presented and discussed using the structure of the basic concept of f...
Journal of Geodynamics
Abstract The 7.8 Mw earthquake in Ecuador during spring of 2016 was an unprecedented opportunity ... more Abstract The 7.8 Mw earthquake in Ecuador during spring of 2016 was an unprecedented opportunity to collect data on two independent seismic precursors. The first precursor was based on the radiation of the environment, which changed considerably several hours before the main earthquake. Real-time data was collected by measurements at every minute. However, these determinations occurred before and after the main earthquake of 2016, and any significant seismic event of >5.0 Mw, was recorded with an increase of hundreds to becs/min several hours before such telluric movements. Seismic events of less than or equal to 5.0 Mw were also possibly recorded, if the events were close to the surface. The second seismic precursor was set up thanks to 24 GPS stations spread all over the Ecuadorian continent, which registered several minutes before the main earthquake a significant change in their usual position. These measurements allow the exact position of every station to send a signal to the main base every second. Such significant alteration of the main point was determined exclusively for the main 7.8 Mw earthquake, while other, less intense seismic activities were not recorded at all. Based on our measurements in real-time, we can conclude that the two precursors, independent from each other, are powerful tools for the implementation of an early warning system of earthquakes for forecasting in the medium and short term in active continental margins.
Cadastre: Geo-Information Innovations in Land Administration, 2017
Land administration plans and decision-making processes currently do not consider the analysis of... more Land administration plans and decision-making processes currently do not consider the analysis of multi-hazard and risk in land use planning or environmental protection integrated into a single system; consequently when an event occurs, government and citizens suffer human and economic losses which have not been foreseen or quantified.
The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the ... more The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the past two centuries. In order to avoid future devastating destructions in a given part in the coastline, we have estimated the economic effects of a potential future tsunami for one small Pacific town in Ecuador in order to analyze such potential cost of damages and compare it with a proposed resettlement value of the entire town. In past, most of the known resettlement projects have been realized as result of a natural disaster or a planning infrastructure such as hydro-electrical plants. Yet, in this study, we have considered to propose to policy makers and other authorities to take into account that a resettlement plan should be realized prior an impact by one the most deadly natural hazard. The results include four different scenarios of economic losses as a result of a potential tsunami, using human losses as the only variable that vary. Potential economic losses vary from 441 US$ up...
The aim of this paper is to explore current land administration situation in Ecuador and identify... more The aim of this paper is to explore current land administration situation in Ecuador and identify opportunities for fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration approach that could improve the land administration functions for the country and its citizens. In this paper, initially literature about land administration, guidelines to improve and assessment frameworks for land administration are presented. The FFP land administration basic concept with three frameworks which are: spatial, legal and institutional frameworks are reviewed. In addition, a fieldwork for collecting data about the status of land administration in Ecuador is performed. Results from the fieldwork in Ecuador are observed in reflection of the basic concept of FFP land administration. Here, positive developments and areas for improvement are identified. Finally recommendations based on the outcome of this paper are presented.
RESUMEN El análisis del riesgo multi-amenaza y la planificación del uso del suelo necesitan gesti... more RESUMEN El análisis del riesgo multi-amenaza y la planificación del uso del suelo necesitan gestionarse en el ámbito local. La geoinformación que compilan y desarrollan los organismos nacionales alerta acerca de la probabilidad de un evento basándose en estudios multi-temporales y regionales, permitiendo localizar las áreas de mayor afectación. La cuenca del río Esmeraldas, de acuerdo con la información del uso de la tierra es un sector de áreas productivas y habitadas que al ser afectadas producirían daños considerables. El análisis del riesgo, la planificación del uso del suelo y la gestión integral de la cuenca hidrográfica se distribuyen en varios municipios que tienen sistemas de información y catastros diferentes tanto para las áreas urbanas como para las rurales. La adopción de la norma ISO 19152 LADM posibilita la creación de un modelo de catastro de estándares mínimos, que permita a los municipios que forman parte de la cuenca, incluir la condición de riesgo multi-amenaza en forma de restricciones y responsabilidades sobre los predios, así como la gestión integrada, la planificación, el ordenamiento territorial, la capacitación de los actores y la toma de decisiones localizada en forma homogénea, efectiva y oportuna. En este estudio se presentan los elementos a ser considerados en la administración del territorio y un nuevo modelo de catastro, en sus relaciones con el uso de la tierra, la tenencia y la protección ambiental. Se propone la incorporación de conceptos y mecanismos de infraestructuras de datos espaciales para que considerados en el ámbito catastral puedan servir como plataforma para la creación de sistemas de entrenamiento para las personas y organizaciones encargadas de la gestión del ordenamiento territorial y el riesgo multi-amenaza en la cuenca. ABSTRACT Risk management for multi-hazard and land use planning need to be managed locally. Geo-información compiled and developed in national agencies to alert the probability of an event based on multi-temporal and regional studies, allowing locating areas to be most affected. At Esmeraldas river basin according to land use information, there are productive and inhabited areas that being affected would produce considerable damage. Risk analysis, land use planning and an integrate driver basin management are responsibility of various municipalities that have different cadastral models for urban and rural areas. Adopting the ISO 19152 LADM standard provides the ability to create a model for cadastre with a minimum of standards that allows municipalities within the basin to include the multi-hazard condition in the field of restrictions and responsibilities over the land as well as standardize the land administration, planning, capacity building and decision making in a homogeneous, effective and timely way. The elements to be considered in land administration and cadastre under the ISO 19152 LADM standards are presented in this study as an example of their relationship with land use, tenure and environmental protection. Including concepts and mechanisms of spatial data infrastructures in the cadastral domain is proposed to be considered as a platform to create training systems for people and organizations responsible of risk management and land administration.
Several definitions: Land Administration: ' the process of determining, recording and disseminati... more Several definitions: Land Administration: ' the process of determining, recording and dissemination information about tenure, value and use of land when implementing land management policies' (UN/ECE, 1996) Land administration is the process of regulating land and property development and the use and conservation of the land; the gathering of revenues from the land through sales, leasing, and taxation; and resolving of conflicts concerning ownership and use of land (Dale and McLaughlin, 1999) The processes run by government using public-or privatesector agencies related to land tenure, land value, land use, and land development (Williamson, et al., 2010)
The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the ... more The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the past two centuries. In order to avoid future devastating destructions in a given part in the coastline, we have estimated the economic effects of a potential future tsunami for one small Pacific town in Ecuador in order to analyze such potential cost of damages and compare it with a proposed resettlement value of the entire town. In past, most of the known resettlement projects have been realized as result of a natural disaster or a planning infrastructure such as hydro-electrical plants. Yet, in this study, we have considered to propose to policy makers and other authorities to take into account that a resettlement plan should be realized prior an impact by one the most deadly natural hazard. The results include four different scenarios of economic losses as a result of a potential tsunami, using human losses as the only variable that vary. Potential economic losses vary from 441 US$ up to 620 US$ millions, when compared to a potential resettlement and associated costs based on the four scenarios. The B/C ratio is favorable to town resettlement as Government’s preventing policy favoring an intelligent reduction and prevention of vulnerability and loss of human life.
Networks of academic and higher education institutions are proven platforms for knowledge sharing... more Networks of academic and higher education institutions are proven platforms for knowledge sharing and experiences in education exchange. During the International Workshop LALA LADM+, 5-9 November 2018 in Quito Ecuador, organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (ESPE University) Ecuador and Kadaster International together with Faculty ITC University of Twente from the Netherlands, Latin America Land Administration Network - LALAN was established. Representatives from seven countries from Latin American continent, Spain and the Netherlands were present at the workshop. The objective of this network is to: perform activities that can support capacity development and sharing knowledge in both fit-for-purpose and responsible land administration within the Latin America Land Administration Network of education institutions. This paper presents the process of establishment of LALAN, the network’s objective and planned activities for the coming period.
Land
Land administration is established to manage the people-to-land relationship. However, it is beli... more Land administration is established to manage the people-to-land relationship. However, it is believed that 70% of the land in developing countries is unregistered. In the case of Ecuador, the government has an ambitious strategy to implement a national cadaster on the full territory in a short time period. Therefore, the objective of this study was the assessment of land administration in Ecuador based on the fit-for-purpose approach as an assessment framework. A literature review was performed on the topic of land administration, including guidelines for improvement and assessment frameworks. The basic concept of fit-for-purpose land administration was reviewed with the three frameworks, which are: spatial, legal, and institutional. Interviews and focus group discussions were performed in Ecuador for collecting primary and secondary data about land administration in this country. Results from these activities are presented and discussed using the structure of the basic concept of f...
Journal of Geodynamics
Abstract The 7.8 Mw earthquake in Ecuador during spring of 2016 was an unprecedented opportunity ... more Abstract The 7.8 Mw earthquake in Ecuador during spring of 2016 was an unprecedented opportunity to collect data on two independent seismic precursors. The first precursor was based on the radiation of the environment, which changed considerably several hours before the main earthquake. Real-time data was collected by measurements at every minute. However, these determinations occurred before and after the main earthquake of 2016, and any significant seismic event of >5.0 Mw, was recorded with an increase of hundreds to becs/min several hours before such telluric movements. Seismic events of less than or equal to 5.0 Mw were also possibly recorded, if the events were close to the surface. The second seismic precursor was set up thanks to 24 GPS stations spread all over the Ecuadorian continent, which registered several minutes before the main earthquake a significant change in their usual position. These measurements allow the exact position of every station to send a signal to the main base every second. Such significant alteration of the main point was determined exclusively for the main 7.8 Mw earthquake, while other, less intense seismic activities were not recorded at all. Based on our measurements in real-time, we can conclude that the two precursors, independent from each other, are powerful tools for the implementation of an early warning system of earthquakes for forecasting in the medium and short term in active continental margins.
Cadastre: Geo-Information Innovations in Land Administration, 2017
Land administration plans and decision-making processes currently do not consider the analysis of... more Land administration plans and decision-making processes currently do not consider the analysis of multi-hazard and risk in land use planning or environmental protection integrated into a single system; consequently when an event occurs, government and citizens suffer human and economic losses which have not been foreseen or quantified.
The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the ... more The coastal part of continental Ecuador is highly vulnerable for tsunami hazards as shown in the past two centuries. In order to avoid future devastating destructions in a given part in the coastline, we have estimated the economic effects of a potential future tsunami for one small Pacific town in Ecuador in order to analyze such potential cost of damages and compare it with a proposed resettlement value of the entire town. In past, most of the known resettlement projects have been realized as result of a natural disaster or a planning infrastructure such as hydro-electrical plants. Yet, in this study, we have considered to propose to policy makers and other authorities to take into account that a resettlement plan should be realized prior an impact by one the most deadly natural hazard. The results include four different scenarios of economic losses as a result of a potential tsunami, using human losses as the only variable that vary. Potential economic losses vary from 441 US$ up...
The aim of this paper is to explore current land administration situation in Ecuador and identify... more The aim of this paper is to explore current land administration situation in Ecuador and identify opportunities for fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration approach that could improve the land administration functions for the country and its citizens. In this paper, initially literature about land administration, guidelines to improve and assessment frameworks for land administration are presented. The FFP land administration basic concept with three frameworks which are: spatial, legal and institutional frameworks are reviewed. In addition, a fieldwork for collecting data about the status of land administration in Ecuador is performed. Results from the fieldwork in Ecuador are observed in reflection of the basic concept of FFP land administration. Here, positive developments and areas for improvement are identified. Finally recommendations based on the outcome of this paper are presented.
RESUMEN El análisis del riesgo multi-amenaza y la planificación del uso del suelo necesitan gesti... more RESUMEN El análisis del riesgo multi-amenaza y la planificación del uso del suelo necesitan gestionarse en el ámbito local. La geoinformación que compilan y desarrollan los organismos nacionales alerta acerca de la probabilidad de un evento basándose en estudios multi-temporales y regionales, permitiendo localizar las áreas de mayor afectación. La cuenca del río Esmeraldas, de acuerdo con la información del uso de la tierra es un sector de áreas productivas y habitadas que al ser afectadas producirían daños considerables. El análisis del riesgo, la planificación del uso del suelo y la gestión integral de la cuenca hidrográfica se distribuyen en varios municipios que tienen sistemas de información y catastros diferentes tanto para las áreas urbanas como para las rurales. La adopción de la norma ISO 19152 LADM posibilita la creación de un modelo de catastro de estándares mínimos, que permita a los municipios que forman parte de la cuenca, incluir la condición de riesgo multi-amenaza en forma de restricciones y responsabilidades sobre los predios, así como la gestión integrada, la planificación, el ordenamiento territorial, la capacitación de los actores y la toma de decisiones localizada en forma homogénea, efectiva y oportuna. En este estudio se presentan los elementos a ser considerados en la administración del territorio y un nuevo modelo de catastro, en sus relaciones con el uso de la tierra, la tenencia y la protección ambiental. Se propone la incorporación de conceptos y mecanismos de infraestructuras de datos espaciales para que considerados en el ámbito catastral puedan servir como plataforma para la creación de sistemas de entrenamiento para las personas y organizaciones encargadas de la gestión del ordenamiento territorial y el riesgo multi-amenaza en la cuenca. ABSTRACT Risk management for multi-hazard and land use planning need to be managed locally. Geo-información compiled and developed in national agencies to alert the probability of an event based on multi-temporal and regional studies, allowing locating areas to be most affected. At Esmeraldas river basin according to land use information, there are productive and inhabited areas that being affected would produce considerable damage. Risk analysis, land use planning and an integrate driver basin management are responsibility of various municipalities that have different cadastral models for urban and rural areas. Adopting the ISO 19152 LADM standard provides the ability to create a model for cadastre with a minimum of standards that allows municipalities within the basin to include the multi-hazard condition in the field of restrictions and responsibilities over the land as well as standardize the land administration, planning, capacity building and decision making in a homogeneous, effective and timely way. The elements to be considered in land administration and cadastre under the ISO 19152 LADM standards are presented in this study as an example of their relationship with land use, tenure and environmental protection. Including concepts and mechanisms of spatial data infrastructures in the cadastral domain is proposed to be considered as a platform to create training systems for people and organizations responsible of risk management and land administration.