S. Gallien - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by S. Gallien

Research paper thumbnail of Compassionate use of bedaquiline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: interim analysis of a French cohort

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Jan 15, 2015

Bedaquiline is a new antibiotic that was approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ... more Bedaquiline is a new antibiotic that was approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the short-term microbiological efficacy and the tolerability profile of bedaquiline. We performed a retrospective cohort study among patients with MDR tuberculosis receiving bedaquiline for compassionate use between January 2010 and July 2013 and evaluated at 6 months of bedaquiline treatment. A total of 35 patients with MDR tuberculosis were included in the study. Nineteen (54%) had extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and 14 (40%) had isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones (Fqs) or second-line injectables. Bedaquiline was associated with a median of 4 (range, 2-5) other drugs, including linezolid in 33 (94%) cases. At 6 months of bedaquiline treatment, culture conversion was achieved in 28 of 29 (97%) cases with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis at bedaquiline initiation. Median time to culture conversion was 85 days (range, 8-235 days...

Research paper thumbnail of Pneumonie à Pneumocystis jirovecii chez les patients infectés par le VIH

Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Safety and efficacy of coformulated efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir single-tablet regimen in treatment-naive patients infected with HIV-1

Journal of medical virology, 2015

Due to the differences between bioavailability of efavirenz (EFV) and tenofovir (TDF), the single... more Due to the differences between bioavailability of efavirenz (EFV) and tenofovir (TDF), the single-tablet regimen of EFV/emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF is not approved as initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Europe by the European Medical Agency. To compare clinical, immunological, and virological outcomes between co-formulated TDF/FTC+EFV and the co-formulated EFV/FTC/TDF single-tablet regimen in patients infected with HIV-1 naive to ART, the data of patients (n = 231) who initiated either TDF/FTC+EFV (n = 155) or EFV/FTC/TDF (n = 76) between January 1, 2007 and June 1, 2010 were analyzed. Changes from baseline to week 48 (TDF/FTC+EFV vs. EFV/FTC/TDF) in HIV plasma load (- 3.25 log vs. -3.32 log) and CD4+ T cell count (+180 vs. +138 cells/mm3) were similar in the two groups. Treatment discontinuation was recorded in 50 (22%) patients (40 on TDF/FTC+EFV and 10 on EFV/FTC/TDF, P = 0.03) but time to discontinuation did not differ between the two groups. Only patients on TDF/FTC+EFV discont...

Research paper thumbnail of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Experiencing Persistent Low-Level Viremia During First-Line Therapy

Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy and safety of raltegravir in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients switching from enfuvirtide-based regimens: 48 week results of the randomized EASIER ANRS 138 trial

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2011

Objectives: To assess the sustainable efficacy and safety of a switch from enfuvirtide to raltegr... more Objectives: To assess the sustainable efficacy and safety of a switch from enfuvirtide to raltegravir in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and clinical predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis among isolated inpatients: a prospective study

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2011

Guidelines help to prevent the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare settings,... more Guidelines help to prevent the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare settings, but may also result in the unnecessary isolation of many patients. We performed a prospective study to assess the prevalence and identify clinical predictors of culture-proven tuberculosis among inpatients isolated for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at our hospital. We also wished to validate a pre-existing clinical decision rule to improve our isolation policy. From August 2005 to January 2007, 134 patients isolated on admission to the ward for suspicion of PTB were prospectively enrolled. The admitting team made the decision to isolate patients on the basis of clinical and radiological findings, without the use of the clinical decision rule, and graded the overall suspicion of PTB. Twenty-six of the 134 isolated patients had PTB (prevalence: 19.4%), as well as one patient not isolated at admission. Univariate analysis revealed that PTB was significantly associated with young age, lack of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, weight loss, night sweats, fever, upper lobe disease and, especially, cavitary lesions on chest X-ray (adjusted OR 25.4, p <0.0001). Low suspicion of PTB by the admitting team and low clinical decision rule score had negative predictive values of 98.5% and 95.8% for PTB, respectively. Use of the clinical decision rule in addition to the team assessment would have led to the isolation of the patient with PTB not isolated on admission, and avoided 16 (14.8%) unnecessary isolations. In conclusion, the prevalence of PTB among isolated inpatients was high, and the use of a clinical decision rule in addition to clinical impression might improve isolation decisions.

Research paper thumbnail of Human immunodeficiency virus associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - favourable outcome with plasma exchange and prompt initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy

British Journal of Haematology, 2011

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute prothrombotic disorder. Human immunodeficie... more Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute prothrombotic disorder. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an identified precipitant. This study reviewed 30 episodes of HIV-associated TTP in 24 patients from the South-East England Apheresis units, over the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Successful outcome of a disseminated adenovirus infection 6 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of a nucleoside-sparing regimen of darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients (ACTG A5262)

AIDS, 2011

Objective: To explore darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) combination therapy in a... more Objective: To explore darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) combination therapy in antiretroviral-naïve patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Drug-to-drug interaction between dapsone and minocycline: An unusual cause of relapse of toxoplasmic encephalitis in an HIV-infected patient

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

HIV-infected patients with opportunistic infections receive therapeutic regimens that often conta... more HIV-infected patients with opportunistic infections receive therapeutic regimens that often contain numerous drugs and are then exposed to potential drug-to-drug interactions. We report here an unusual case of relapse of toxoplasmic encephalitis in an HIV-infected patient, possibly due to a drug-to-drug interaction between dapsone and minocycline.

Research paper thumbnail of Compassionate use of bedaquiline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: interim analysis of a French cohort

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Jan 15, 2015

Bedaquiline is a new antibiotic that was approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ... more Bedaquiline is a new antibiotic that was approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the short-term microbiological efficacy and the tolerability profile of bedaquiline. We performed a retrospective cohort study among patients with MDR tuberculosis receiving bedaquiline for compassionate use between January 2010 and July 2013 and evaluated at 6 months of bedaquiline treatment. A total of 35 patients with MDR tuberculosis were included in the study. Nineteen (54%) had extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and 14 (40%) had isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones (Fqs) or second-line injectables. Bedaquiline was associated with a median of 4 (range, 2-5) other drugs, including linezolid in 33 (94%) cases. At 6 months of bedaquiline treatment, culture conversion was achieved in 28 of 29 (97%) cases with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis at bedaquiline initiation. Median time to culture conversion was 85 days (range, 8-235 days...

Research paper thumbnail of Pneumonie à Pneumocystis jirovecii chez les patients infectés par le VIH

Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Safety and efficacy of coformulated efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir single-tablet regimen in treatment-naive patients infected with HIV-1

Journal of medical virology, 2015

Due to the differences between bioavailability of efavirenz (EFV) and tenofovir (TDF), the single... more Due to the differences between bioavailability of efavirenz (EFV) and tenofovir (TDF), the single-tablet regimen of EFV/emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF is not approved as initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Europe by the European Medical Agency. To compare clinical, immunological, and virological outcomes between co-formulated TDF/FTC+EFV and the co-formulated EFV/FTC/TDF single-tablet regimen in patients infected with HIV-1 naive to ART, the data of patients (n = 231) who initiated either TDF/FTC+EFV (n = 155) or EFV/FTC/TDF (n = 76) between January 1, 2007 and June 1, 2010 were analyzed. Changes from baseline to week 48 (TDF/FTC+EFV vs. EFV/FTC/TDF) in HIV plasma load (- 3.25 log vs. -3.32 log) and CD4+ T cell count (+180 vs. +138 cells/mm3) were similar in the two groups. Treatment discontinuation was recorded in 50 (22%) patients (40 on TDF/FTC+EFV and 10 on EFV/FTC/TDF, P = 0.03) but time to discontinuation did not differ between the two groups. Only patients on TDF/FTC+EFV discont...

Research paper thumbnail of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Experiencing Persistent Low-Level Viremia During First-Line Therapy

Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy and safety of raltegravir in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients switching from enfuvirtide-based regimens: 48 week results of the randomized EASIER ANRS 138 trial

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2011

Objectives: To assess the sustainable efficacy and safety of a switch from enfuvirtide to raltegr... more Objectives: To assess the sustainable efficacy and safety of a switch from enfuvirtide to raltegravir in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and clinical predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis among isolated inpatients: a prospective study

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2011

Guidelines help to prevent the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare settings,... more Guidelines help to prevent the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthcare settings, but may also result in the unnecessary isolation of many patients. We performed a prospective study to assess the prevalence and identify clinical predictors of culture-proven tuberculosis among inpatients isolated for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at our hospital. We also wished to validate a pre-existing clinical decision rule to improve our isolation policy. From August 2005 to January 2007, 134 patients isolated on admission to the ward for suspicion of PTB were prospectively enrolled. The admitting team made the decision to isolate patients on the basis of clinical and radiological findings, without the use of the clinical decision rule, and graded the overall suspicion of PTB. Twenty-six of the 134 isolated patients had PTB (prevalence: 19.4%), as well as one patient not isolated at admission. Univariate analysis revealed that PTB was significantly associated with young age, lack of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, weight loss, night sweats, fever, upper lobe disease and, especially, cavitary lesions on chest X-ray (adjusted OR 25.4, p <0.0001). Low suspicion of PTB by the admitting team and low clinical decision rule score had negative predictive values of 98.5% and 95.8% for PTB, respectively. Use of the clinical decision rule in addition to the team assessment would have led to the isolation of the patient with PTB not isolated on admission, and avoided 16 (14.8%) unnecessary isolations. In conclusion, the prevalence of PTB among isolated inpatients was high, and the use of a clinical decision rule in addition to clinical impression might improve isolation decisions.

Research paper thumbnail of Human immunodeficiency virus associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - favourable outcome with plasma exchange and prompt initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy

British Journal of Haematology, 2011

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute prothrombotic disorder. Human immunodeficie... more Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute prothrombotic disorder. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an identified precipitant. This study reviewed 30 episodes of HIV-associated TTP in 24 patients from the South-East England Apheresis units, over the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Successful outcome of a disseminated adenovirus infection 6 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of a nucleoside-sparing regimen of darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients (ACTG A5262)

AIDS, 2011

Objective: To explore darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) combination therapy in a... more Objective: To explore darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) combination therapy in antiretroviral-naïve patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Drug-to-drug interaction between dapsone and minocycline: An unusual cause of relapse of toxoplasmic encephalitis in an HIV-infected patient

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

HIV-infected patients with opportunistic infections receive therapeutic regimens that often conta... more HIV-infected patients with opportunistic infections receive therapeutic regimens that often contain numerous drugs and are then exposed to potential drug-to-drug interactions. We report here an unusual case of relapse of toxoplasmic encephalitis in an HIV-infected patient, possibly due to a drug-to-drug interaction between dapsone and minocycline.