Sadaf Jafar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sadaf Jafar
Rawal Medical Journal, 2018
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HI... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HIV. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the area of Barakahu, Islamabad, Pakistan and included 200 participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Knowledge regarding different aspects for HCV and HBV for participants was 56.5-81.5%. Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS its transmission and availability of vaccine was only 76.5%, 62.5% and 50.5%,respectively. Attitude was positive towards blood transfusions screening (76%), use of new syringes (73%), preference of dental check up (70%), use of new razor at barber shop (66.05%), sterilization of piercing instrument, transmission of HIV(64%), self-preference for HCV, HBV vaccination (74.5%) and strict precautions for HIV(75%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practices of people regarding HCV, HBV an HIV/AIDS was good but in few aspects, it was poor. A...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective: To high light the importance of laboratory investigations for students and encourage t... more Objective: To high light the importance of laboratory investigations for students and encourage them to participate in research. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad for a three months period from April 1, 2014 to June 30, 2014. Students with age 18-20 years were chosen by convenience sampling for sample collection. Verbal consent was taken from candidates before sample collection. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured by using Micro Hematocrit method and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by Sahli’s acid haematin method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 106 students, there were 32 males and 74 females. Male participants had significantly greater Hb concentration and PCV as compared to females (p=0.05). Conclusion: Both Hb and PCV were significantly higher in males as compared to females of almost same age. For improving Hb concentration, dietary sources of iron and iron supplements may be used ...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs4961 and dyslipid... more Objective: To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs4961 and dyslipidemia and to identify the odd ratio of allele to evaluate its significance. Methodology: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from 200 patients with essential hypertension and 200 normotensive healthy individuals from Pakistani population were genotyped for SNP rs4961 by PCR and RFLP. DNA gel was used to establish the polymorphism profile belonging to genotype of SNP like GG, TG and TT in case of rs4961. Logistic regression analysis was used to find association between SNP rs4961 and dyslipidemia. Results: The genotype frequencies for all three ADD1 genotype in disease subjects were 12.5% GG, 70.5% T/G and 34% T/T, respectively. The genotype frequencies for control subjects were 4% GG, 176% TG and 20% TT, respectively. Persons having heterozygous G/T or homozygous G/G genotype was 1.07 odds more risk of being dyslipidemia than subjects having T/T genotype showing significant association wa...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: Genetic analysis of genes causing different types of alopecia and therapeutic options.... more Objective: Genetic analysis of genes causing different types of alopecia and therapeutic options. Methodology: This Experimental study was carried out at Center for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from May 5 to August 8, 2017. Sample collection and pedigree analysis of families having affected individuals was done. DNA was extracted and it was visualized by trans-illuminator. Microsatellite markers of known gene were used for exclusion mapping. Mapping was done of candidate region by microsatellite markers and when affected individuals showed any homozygosity at any known locus then potential gene was sequenced for any sequence variant. Results: Genes LIPH was defected, which was responsible for hypotrichosis. Hypotrichosis was the diagnosis, which can only be treated symptomatically, as there is no permanent cure. Conclusion: Genes LPAR6, P2RY5 and LIPH were defected indicating hypotri...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2018
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HI... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HIV. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the area of Barakahu, Islamabad, Pakistan and included 200 participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Knowledge regarding different aspects for HCV and HBV for participants was 56.5-81.5%. Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS its transmission and availability of vaccine was only 76.5%, 62.5% and 50.5%,respectively. Attitude was positive towards blood transfusions screening (76%), use of new syringes (73%), preference of dental check up (70%), use of new razor at barber shop (66.05%), sterilization of piercing instrument, transmission of HIV(64%), self-preference for HCV, HBV vaccination (74.5%) and strict precautions for HIV(75%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practices of people regarding HCV, HBV an HIV/AIDS was good but in few aspects, it was poor. A...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective: To study the comparison between Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and ... more Objective: To study the comparison between Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and Conventional Practical Examination to assess the better understanding of topic and effectiveness of teaching tool. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place of Study: Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Duration of Study: Three months time period from 1st April to 30th June 2014. Methodology: Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad approved present study. 110 first year MBBS students were selected for this study. Verbal consent was taken and students were told about the purpose of study. They were given one month time duration for preparation, regarding selected topic,which was tests on Carbohydrates, prior to assessment. They were assessed by two teaching tools, objectively structured practical examination (OSPE) and conventional examination with an interval of one day. Results were compiled, data was analyzed (SPSS 21). Paired T te...
Background: Oxidative stress is proposed molecular mechanism in lead toxicity. Antioxidant rich p... more Background: Oxidative stress is proposed molecular mechanism in lead toxicity. Antioxidant rich plants protects against toxicity of heavy metals by neutralizing free radicals. Walnuts have proven antioxidant activity. Objective of this study was to investigate protective effect of walnuts on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity by measuring oxidative profile in mice. Methods: This experimental study was carried out from 6th Oct to 15th Dec 2018 at Biochemistry Department, Al-Nafees Medical College Islamabad, in collaboration with National Institute of Health. Sixty BLAB/C mice were divided into three equal groups. Group I was fed on standard diet, Group II was given lead acetate 30 mg/Kg in drinking water along with normal diet. Group III was given lead acetate along with diet and walnut supplementation was given as 111 gm/Kg of the diet. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in mice blood. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: Lead ca...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2020
Objective: To identify the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR)-α gene in D... more Objective: To identify the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR)-α gene in Dyslipidemia. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out at Center for research in experimental and applied medicine (CREAM) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from December 20, 2016 to June 8, 2017. The study comprised of three groups; Group one included subjects who were healthy, group two was comprised of diabetic without dyslipidemia and group three included diabetics with dyslipidemia. Blood was collected and Primers specific to PPAR-α were designed on the basis of sequence available on website Primer BLAST. RNA was extracted with in first six hours of sample collection using Gene JET RNA purification kit (Thermo Scientific). For first strand cDNA synthesis Revert Aid Premium was utilized. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the isolation, amplification or detection of specific nucleotide sequences in genomic DNA. PCR produ...
Objective: To analyze the response of male and female Hepatitis C and B infected patients to inte... more Objective: To analyze the response of male and female Hepatitis C and B infected patients to interferon therapy. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at Center for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 3, to April 4, 2017. Blood samples of 15 seropositive, coinfected patients of hepatitis B and C were collected. The primers specific for STAT-1 were designed based on the previously available sequences on National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), using different dry lab tools like Electronic PCR and Oligo Calc. Primers are compared with other software. Results: All 15 coinfected patients were resistant to pegylated interferon therapy, which was administered twice weekly for six months. Fifteen subjects were healthy individuals, which were taken as controls. Among 15 coinfected patients, 13 were male and 2 females. Among healthy individual...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Around 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) have persistently nor... more Background: Around 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) levels. These patients are considered to have mild degree of histological hepatic damage. This study was conducted to compare the histological degree of necro-inflammation and stage of fibrosis among HCV patients with PNALT and patients with persistently or intermittently elevated serum ALT (PIEALT) levels..Methods: This study includes 154 untreated patients with serological and histological diagnosis of chronic HCV infection. A total of 70 patients with PNALT (group A) and 84 patients with PIEALT (group B) were identified and treated with 6 months interferon therapy. Histological grade of necro-inflammatory activity and the stage of fibrosis was evaluated by Ishak scoring system. HCV-RNA quantification was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further univariate and multivariate analysis was done to evaluate correlation between patients ...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2014
Objective: To assess the effect of nutritional status on the cognitive function of individuals 60... more Objective: To assess the effect of nutritional status on the cognitive function of individuals 60 years or above living in and Islamabad and its vicinity. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place of Study: Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Duration of Study: Three months time period from 1st February to 1st May 2014. Methodology: 100 individuals having age 60 years or above were selected by using convenience sampling. Nutritional status was assessed by using tools (MNA) Mini Nutritional Assessment and cognitive function was assessed by using (MMSE) Mini Mental State Examination. Questionnaire was given to the participants. Data was collected, analyzed and summarized using SPSS version 16.00.Percentages were used in the analysis and interpretation of the results. Results: A total of 100 participants 50 males and 50 females took part in the study. In elder participants nutritional status was assessed. The cognitive analysis was also done. The effect of nutritional status on cognitive function was insignificant (p>0.05). It was found that the nutritional status of an individual does not affect the cognition, irrespective of age. The better the awareness and understanding of health the sounder will be cognition, because there is delay in deteriorative changes. Conclusion: The present study screens the malnourished cases and also the candidates with severe cognitive impairment. These candidates can be given proper advice and treatment. To prevent such risk factors in the future, this test can be the basis of screening but diagnosis cannot be made. The diet and awareness should be given importance regarding health, physical as well as mental.
Rawal Medical Journal, 2014
Objective: To study the effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight with respect to serum ... more Objective: To study the effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight with respect to serum corticosterone levels in Sprague Dawley rats. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out at Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi & NIH Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2008 to December 2008. Out of a total of 150 rats, 90 were female and 60 were male.They were divided into five groups; Group I and II were control groups where as III, IVa, IVb were experimental groups. The control male rats were exposed to chronic restraint stress where as the experimental female rats were exposed to the similar stress regimen. Later they had removal of both ovaries. Half of the ovariectomized rats (n=30) were given once daily injection of 17- β estradiol for two weeks. The body weights of the male and female Sprague Dawley rats were recorded both at the start and end of study. Results: The stress resulted in an increase in serum corticosterone levels in experimental male rats (21.66±3.67 ng/ml, p
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective:The present questionnaire survey investigated perception of students in medical biochem... more Objective:The present questionnaire survey investigated perception of students in medical biochemistry curriculum with regard assessment methods by PBL and its comparison with traditional assessment methods. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional. Methodology: In this comparative study subjects were first year MBBS class . They were assessed by two methods on the .the same topic Physico-chemical aspect and acid base balance. The conventional methods included MCQ and SEQ on the topic .Same topic was assessed by problem based method using cases and scenarios. The data was collected by students and was analyzed by using SPSS frequencies of responses by the students by inferential statistics. Results: The students of first year MBBS participated in the study. The answers of questionnaire had three options agree `disagree or dont know.This study examined student perceptions about traditional assessment and to a problem-based learning (PBL) at Islamabad medical and dental college of Bahria University. Twelve research questions were addressed in the study which examined the student different aspects of assessment. The results showed that students rated PBL assessment more highly than traditional assessment methods. They were very satisfied with their assessment experience, but expressed a need for vigorous study by books and elaborative techniques. Conclusion:PBL assessment was perceived to be a better approach compared to Traditional assessment with some difficulties in studying problems.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
INTRODUCTION DNA studies are widely used now-a-days, for this purpose DNA isolation is done, whic... more INTRODUCTION DNA studies are widely used now-a-days, for this purpose DNA isolation is done, which is the bases for all the genomic studies. In order to find the best results in shortest time, keeping in view cost effectiveness lot of strategies has been used. Different DNA extraction kits are available in market. A genomic DNA from permafrost was isolated. The fast DNA ® SPIN (FDS) kit results were best as compared to Meta-GNome TM (MGN) isolation kit. 1 DNA was isolated from teeth using a modified phenolchloroform method. Screening and analysis of Yesinia ABSTRACT Background: The objective of the study was to design a cost effective, efficient and better protocol for genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction. Methods: This was an experimental study, which is carried out ARID Research laboratory. The duration of study was four months from March 2015 to June 2015. White blood cells were used for extraction of DNA. Two procedures RBC lysis and extraction of DNA from the pellet was done. The goal was to obtain high quality and quantity DNA yield. Even the amount of blood less than 1 ml can be used for extraction. The extraction of DNA comprise of disruption of nuclear membrane and removal of protein from the pellet. After extraction DNA was purified. DNA was confirmed with the help of Nanodrop technology. Genomic DNA was also confirmed by using horizontal agrose gel electrophoresis and visualized using Gel Doc System. Whole blood approximately 10ml µg, yields 250 µg of DNA, using latest organic phenol chloroform method. Results: Successful extraction of DNA from the WBCs without compromising quality and quantity was the end result. Shelf life of DNA was increased. Current modified protocol of DNA isolation, extraction and purification of DNA is not only cost-effective and highly yielding but also reproducible. Conclusions: The DNA extracted with modified organic phenol-chloroform method was of high quality and quantity. The bands of DNA were confirmed with horizontal electrophoresis. Clear DNA band were visualized indicating the precision of latest protocol. Another important advantage was that very small amount of blood sample is required for DNA extraction and the protocol was cost effective and efficient. Present protocol will be very beneficial for genomic studies, requiring DNA extraction. It will enable researchers to work with fewer budgets and less sample size, obtaining best results.
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 1984
Rawal Medical Journal, 2018
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HI... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HIV. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the area of Barakahu, Islamabad, Pakistan and included 200 participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Knowledge regarding different aspects for HCV and HBV for participants was 56.5-81.5%. Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS its transmission and availability of vaccine was only 76.5%, 62.5% and 50.5%,respectively. Attitude was positive towards blood transfusions screening (76%), use of new syringes (73%), preference of dental check up (70%), use of new razor at barber shop (66.05%), sterilization of piercing instrument, transmission of HIV(64%), self-preference for HCV, HBV vaccination (74.5%) and strict precautions for HIV(75%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practices of people regarding HCV, HBV an HIV/AIDS was good but in few aspects, it was poor. A...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective: To high light the importance of laboratory investigations for students and encourage t... more Objective: To high light the importance of laboratory investigations for students and encourage them to participate in research. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad for a three months period from April 1, 2014 to June 30, 2014. Students with age 18-20 years were chosen by convenience sampling for sample collection. Verbal consent was taken from candidates before sample collection. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured by using Micro Hematocrit method and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by Sahli’s acid haematin method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 106 students, there were 32 males and 74 females. Male participants had significantly greater Hb concentration and PCV as compared to females (p=0.05). Conclusion: Both Hb and PCV were significantly higher in males as compared to females of almost same age. For improving Hb concentration, dietary sources of iron and iron supplements may be used ...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs4961 and dyslipid... more Objective: To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism rs4961 and dyslipidemia and to identify the odd ratio of allele to evaluate its significance. Methodology: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from 200 patients with essential hypertension and 200 normotensive healthy individuals from Pakistani population were genotyped for SNP rs4961 by PCR and RFLP. DNA gel was used to establish the polymorphism profile belonging to genotype of SNP like GG, TG and TT in case of rs4961. Logistic regression analysis was used to find association between SNP rs4961 and dyslipidemia. Results: The genotype frequencies for all three ADD1 genotype in disease subjects were 12.5% GG, 70.5% T/G and 34% T/T, respectively. The genotype frequencies for control subjects were 4% GG, 176% TG and 20% TT, respectively. Persons having heterozygous G/T or homozygous G/G genotype was 1.07 odds more risk of being dyslipidemia than subjects having T/T genotype showing significant association wa...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: Genetic analysis of genes causing different types of alopecia and therapeutic options.... more Objective: Genetic analysis of genes causing different types of alopecia and therapeutic options. Methodology: This Experimental study was carried out at Center for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from May 5 to August 8, 2017. Sample collection and pedigree analysis of families having affected individuals was done. DNA was extracted and it was visualized by trans-illuminator. Microsatellite markers of known gene were used for exclusion mapping. Mapping was done of candidate region by microsatellite markers and when affected individuals showed any homozygosity at any known locus then potential gene was sequenced for any sequence variant. Results: Genes LIPH was defected, which was responsible for hypotrichosis. Hypotrichosis was the diagnosis, which can only be treated symptomatically, as there is no permanent cure. Conclusion: Genes LPAR6, P2RY5 and LIPH were defected indicating hypotri...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2018
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HI... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in general people about HBV, HCV and HIV. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the area of Barakahu, Islamabad, Pakistan and included 200 participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Knowledge regarding different aspects for HCV and HBV for participants was 56.5-81.5%. Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS its transmission and availability of vaccine was only 76.5%, 62.5% and 50.5%,respectively. Attitude was positive towards blood transfusions screening (76%), use of new syringes (73%), preference of dental check up (70%), use of new razor at barber shop (66.05%), sterilization of piercing instrument, transmission of HIV(64%), self-preference for HCV, HBV vaccination (74.5%) and strict precautions for HIV(75%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practices of people regarding HCV, HBV an HIV/AIDS was good but in few aspects, it was poor. A...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective: To study the comparison between Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and ... more Objective: To study the comparison between Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and Conventional Practical Examination to assess the better understanding of topic and effectiveness of teaching tool. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place of Study: Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Duration of Study: Three months time period from 1st April to 30th June 2014. Methodology: Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad approved present study. 110 first year MBBS students were selected for this study. Verbal consent was taken and students were told about the purpose of study. They were given one month time duration for preparation, regarding selected topic,which was tests on Carbohydrates, prior to assessment. They were assessed by two teaching tools, objectively structured practical examination (OSPE) and conventional examination with an interval of one day. Results were compiled, data was analyzed (SPSS 21). Paired T te...
Background: Oxidative stress is proposed molecular mechanism in lead toxicity. Antioxidant rich p... more Background: Oxidative stress is proposed molecular mechanism in lead toxicity. Antioxidant rich plants protects against toxicity of heavy metals by neutralizing free radicals. Walnuts have proven antioxidant activity. Objective of this study was to investigate protective effect of walnuts on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity by measuring oxidative profile in mice. Methods: This experimental study was carried out from 6th Oct to 15th Dec 2018 at Biochemistry Department, Al-Nafees Medical College Islamabad, in collaboration with National Institute of Health. Sixty BLAB/C mice were divided into three equal groups. Group I was fed on standard diet, Group II was given lead acetate 30 mg/Kg in drinking water along with normal diet. Group III was given lead acetate along with diet and walnut supplementation was given as 111 gm/Kg of the diet. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in mice blood. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: Lead ca...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2020
Objective: To identify the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR)-α gene in D... more Objective: To identify the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR)-α gene in Dyslipidemia. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out at Center for research in experimental and applied medicine (CREAM) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from December 20, 2016 to June 8, 2017. The study comprised of three groups; Group one included subjects who were healthy, group two was comprised of diabetic without dyslipidemia and group three included diabetics with dyslipidemia. Blood was collected and Primers specific to PPAR-α were designed on the basis of sequence available on website Primer BLAST. RNA was extracted with in first six hours of sample collection using Gene JET RNA purification kit (Thermo Scientific). For first strand cDNA synthesis Revert Aid Premium was utilized. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the isolation, amplification or detection of specific nucleotide sequences in genomic DNA. PCR produ...
Objective: To analyze the response of male and female Hepatitis C and B infected patients to inte... more Objective: To analyze the response of male and female Hepatitis C and B infected patients to interferon therapy. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at Center for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 3, to April 4, 2017. Blood samples of 15 seropositive, coinfected patients of hepatitis B and C were collected. The primers specific for STAT-1 were designed based on the previously available sequences on National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), using different dry lab tools like Electronic PCR and Oligo Calc. Primers are compared with other software. Results: All 15 coinfected patients were resistant to pegylated interferon therapy, which was administered twice weekly for six months. Fifteen subjects were healthy individuals, which were taken as controls. Among 15 coinfected patients, 13 were male and 2 females. Among healthy individual...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Around 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) have persistently nor... more Background: Around 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) levels. These patients are considered to have mild degree of histological hepatic damage. This study was conducted to compare the histological degree of necro-inflammation and stage of fibrosis among HCV patients with PNALT and patients with persistently or intermittently elevated serum ALT (PIEALT) levels..Methods: This study includes 154 untreated patients with serological and histological diagnosis of chronic HCV infection. A total of 70 patients with PNALT (group A) and 84 patients with PIEALT (group B) were identified and treated with 6 months interferon therapy. Histological grade of necro-inflammatory activity and the stage of fibrosis was evaluated by Ishak scoring system. HCV-RNA quantification was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further univariate and multivariate analysis was done to evaluate correlation between patients ...
Rawal Medical Journal, 2014
Objective: To assess the effect of nutritional status on the cognitive function of individuals 60... more Objective: To assess the effect of nutritional status on the cognitive function of individuals 60 years or above living in and Islamabad and its vicinity. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place of Study: Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Duration of Study: Three months time period from 1st February to 1st May 2014. Methodology: 100 individuals having age 60 years or above were selected by using convenience sampling. Nutritional status was assessed by using tools (MNA) Mini Nutritional Assessment and cognitive function was assessed by using (MMSE) Mini Mental State Examination. Questionnaire was given to the participants. Data was collected, analyzed and summarized using SPSS version 16.00.Percentages were used in the analysis and interpretation of the results. Results: A total of 100 participants 50 males and 50 females took part in the study. In elder participants nutritional status was assessed. The cognitive analysis was also done. The effect of nutritional status on cognitive function was insignificant (p>0.05). It was found that the nutritional status of an individual does not affect the cognition, irrespective of age. The better the awareness and understanding of health the sounder will be cognition, because there is delay in deteriorative changes. Conclusion: The present study screens the malnourished cases and also the candidates with severe cognitive impairment. These candidates can be given proper advice and treatment. To prevent such risk factors in the future, this test can be the basis of screening but diagnosis cannot be made. The diet and awareness should be given importance regarding health, physical as well as mental.
Rawal Medical Journal, 2014
Objective: To study the effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight with respect to serum ... more Objective: To study the effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight with respect to serum corticosterone levels in Sprague Dawley rats. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out at Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi & NIH Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2008 to December 2008. Out of a total of 150 rats, 90 were female and 60 were male.They were divided into five groups; Group I and II were control groups where as III, IVa, IVb were experimental groups. The control male rats were exposed to chronic restraint stress where as the experimental female rats were exposed to the similar stress regimen. Later they had removal of both ovaries. Half of the ovariectomized rats (n=30) were given once daily injection of 17- β estradiol for two weeks. The body weights of the male and female Sprague Dawley rats were recorded both at the start and end of study. Results: The stress resulted in an increase in serum corticosterone levels in experimental male rats (21.66±3.67 ng/ml, p
Rawal Medical Journal, 2015
Objective:The present questionnaire survey investigated perception of students in medical biochem... more Objective:The present questionnaire survey investigated perception of students in medical biochemistry curriculum with regard assessment methods by PBL and its comparison with traditional assessment methods. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional. Methodology: In this comparative study subjects were first year MBBS class . They were assessed by two methods on the .the same topic Physico-chemical aspect and acid base balance. The conventional methods included MCQ and SEQ on the topic .Same topic was assessed by problem based method using cases and scenarios. The data was collected by students and was analyzed by using SPSS frequencies of responses by the students by inferential statistics. Results: The students of first year MBBS participated in the study. The answers of questionnaire had three options agree `disagree or dont know.This study examined student perceptions about traditional assessment and to a problem-based learning (PBL) at Islamabad medical and dental college of Bahria University. Twelve research questions were addressed in the study which examined the student different aspects of assessment. The results showed that students rated PBL assessment more highly than traditional assessment methods. They were very satisfied with their assessment experience, but expressed a need for vigorous study by books and elaborative techniques. Conclusion:PBL assessment was perceived to be a better approach compared to Traditional assessment with some difficulties in studying problems.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
INTRODUCTION DNA studies are widely used now-a-days, for this purpose DNA isolation is done, whic... more INTRODUCTION DNA studies are widely used now-a-days, for this purpose DNA isolation is done, which is the bases for all the genomic studies. In order to find the best results in shortest time, keeping in view cost effectiveness lot of strategies has been used. Different DNA extraction kits are available in market. A genomic DNA from permafrost was isolated. The fast DNA ® SPIN (FDS) kit results were best as compared to Meta-GNome TM (MGN) isolation kit. 1 DNA was isolated from teeth using a modified phenolchloroform method. Screening and analysis of Yesinia ABSTRACT Background: The objective of the study was to design a cost effective, efficient and better protocol for genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction. Methods: This was an experimental study, which is carried out ARID Research laboratory. The duration of study was four months from March 2015 to June 2015. White blood cells were used for extraction of DNA. Two procedures RBC lysis and extraction of DNA from the pellet was done. The goal was to obtain high quality and quantity DNA yield. Even the amount of blood less than 1 ml can be used for extraction. The extraction of DNA comprise of disruption of nuclear membrane and removal of protein from the pellet. After extraction DNA was purified. DNA was confirmed with the help of Nanodrop technology. Genomic DNA was also confirmed by using horizontal agrose gel electrophoresis and visualized using Gel Doc System. Whole blood approximately 10ml µg, yields 250 µg of DNA, using latest organic phenol chloroform method. Results: Successful extraction of DNA from the WBCs without compromising quality and quantity was the end result. Shelf life of DNA was increased. Current modified protocol of DNA isolation, extraction and purification of DNA is not only cost-effective and highly yielding but also reproducible. Conclusions: The DNA extracted with modified organic phenol-chloroform method was of high quality and quantity. The bands of DNA were confirmed with horizontal electrophoresis. Clear DNA band were visualized indicating the precision of latest protocol. Another important advantage was that very small amount of blood sample is required for DNA extraction and the protocol was cost effective and efficient. Present protocol will be very beneficial for genomic studies, requiring DNA extraction. It will enable researchers to work with fewer budgets and less sample size, obtaining best results.
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 1984