Salah Bencheikh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Salah Bencheikh

Research paper thumbnail of Successive photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by CuO, Fe2O3, and novel nanocomposite CuO/Fe2O3 synthesized from Mentha pulegium plant extract via biosynthesis technique

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Research paper thumbnail of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Recycled Vegetable Oils

Green energy and technology, 2018

Biofuels constitute an effective alternative to existing fossil fuels, for they offer the prospec... more Biofuels constitute an effective alternative to existing fossil fuels, for they offer the prospect of ecological sustainability with their various advantages. Biodiesel has become one of the most important biofuels on a worldwide level; and it is synthesized by oil transesterification.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oilof Teucrium poliumsspaurasianum Labiatae

Der Pharma Chemica, 2015

We have carried out the extraction of the essential oils of the aerial part of the plant using th... more We have carried out the extraction of the essential oils of the aerial part of the plant using the hydro-distillation technique which enabled us to reachan extraction efficiency of 0.585 %. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS method therefore 35 components have been identified; the limonene (34.72 %), alphapinene (25.42 %), the β-pinene(8.59%), the α-Elemol (4.21 %) are the major components. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil has been measured against eight bacteria; the staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive one; its diameter is 21 mm of inhibition. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test which shows (IC 50 =58.6336 ± 0.7207)and the antioxidant power of reduction of iron (FRAP) shows (EC 50 =48.1936±0.5628

Research paper thumbnail of Biosorption of carcinogenic metal ions using the immobilized microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides on a lignocellulosic matrix: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and mechanism

An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing the microalgae Auxenochlo... more An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing the microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP) within a sugarcane bagasse (SB) lignocellulosic matrix. The characterization of AP-SB as a proposed biosorbent was performed by various spectroscopic methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The immobilization technique enhanced the biosorption of nickel by 32.25% at equilibrium compared with that of free Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The maximum metal biosorption capacities of free and immobilized Auxenochlorella protothecoides were calculated to be 42.08 and 62.1 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel ions was evaluated with a Box‒Behnken factorial design using three parameters: pH solution, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. A maximum metal removal rate of 97.96% was obtained using the RSM-DF platform...

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical screening of aerial organs of wild fennel essential oils from southeast Algeria: identification of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Research paper thumbnail of A comprehensive study on the scavenging of carcinogenic metal ions using immobilized microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides on the lignocellulosic matrix

An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing microalgae Auxenochlorell... more An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP) within Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) lignocellulosic matrix. The immobilization technique enhanced the biosorption of nickel by 32.25% at equilibrium compared with free Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The maximum metal biosorption capacity of free and immobilized Auxenochlorella protothecoides was calculated to be 42.08 and 62.1 mg /g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel ions was evaluated with Box-Behnken factorial design using three parameters: pH solution, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. Under optimum conditions, the RSM- DF platform determined the maximum metal elimination rate of 97.96% with the following optimal set of factors: pH 5.06, biosorbent concentration of 1.6 g/L, and contact time of 53.33 min. In the experimental design of the nickel bioprocess, the equilibrium adsorption isotherms were analyzed using sixteen models of two-, three-, a...

Research paper thumbnail of Textile Dye removal by Adsorption on Olive Grain as Solid Waste from the Olive Oil Extraction

Asian Journal Of Research in Chemistry, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Effet du Séchage sur le Rendement des Huiles Essentielles de la Plante TeucriumPolium ssp. Aurasianum Labiatae

حوليات العلوم و التكنولوجيا, 2015

Effet du séchage sur le rendement des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp. auras... more Effet du séchage sur le rendement des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp. aurasianum Labiatae

Research paper thumbnail of Renewable energy from the seaweed Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in developed systems

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017

The purpose of this present study is to demonstrate the potentialities of the alga Chlorella pyre... more The purpose of this present study is to demonstrate the potentialities of the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source of energy of third generation, based on the increase of biomass yield, by the use of systems of culture developed, these latter are doped by are doped with optically active molecules, allowing for shifting the light to the area of photosynthesis adapted to the alga, what increasing the maximum biomass concentration compared to the neutral system (non-doped) chosen as a reference by a factor of 2 from 3 th days of culture. We have also, realized a simple extraction of the oil of cultivated alga, the yield acquired is interesting, it is of the order of 40.17%, this oil undergoes a conversion to a biodiesel by the reaction of transesterification, which gives us a yield of 92.56%. In effect, based on the results above, this work leads to the conclusion that, the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa rich in lipids ,constitutes a choice dilicate for the operate as raw material for t...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de l’activité des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp Aurasianum Labiatae

UNIVERSITE KASDI MERBAH – OUARGLA FACULTE DES SCIENCES APPLIQUEES DEPARTEMENT DE GENIE DES PROCEDES

Research paper thumbnail of The Valorization of the Green Alga Spirogyra’s Biomass in the Region of Ouargla-Algeria into Renewable Biofuel

The research focus on renewable energy has become a necessity due to the ecological and environme... more The research focus on renewable energy has become a necessity due to the ecological and environmental effects, and biofuels are one of the most effective substrate for existing fossil fuels. Indeed, the algae are presented as a potential source of biofuel with their several important advantages; they have a great deal of attention as a renewable alternative source of biomass for bioethanol production. One of the algae which has the potential to be developed as a raw material for bioethanol is Spirogyra alga. It has been demonstrated that Spirogyra species can accumulate high levels of polysaccharides and starch in their complex cell walls, which allows using it as a source of bioethanol production.

Research paper thumbnail of Détermination Expérimentale de la Cinétique de Séchage à l'Ombre des Huiles Essentielles de Laurus Nobilis Lauraceae

Research paper thumbnail of Antibacterial, antifungal activity and chemical composition study of essentialoil of Mentha pepirita from the south Algerian

Natural substances from plants have multiple interests put to use in the industry. Essential oils... more Natural substances from plants have multiple interests put to use in the industry. Essential oils are a very interesting group of these metabolites that feature different properties that make them interesting. We did this study to obtain an extract essential oil from the plant Mentha pepirita South region Algerian cultivated to the Municipality of Ouargla. the Mint, widespread in Algeria, of the family Lamiaceae is a native herb of several therapeutic properties (antiseptic, anti-neuralgic, analgesic ...). The extraction of its aromatic fraction offers new perspectives in aromatherapy by hydrodistillation method by a Clevenger-type apparatus. The extract obtained was the subject of Antibacterial and antifungal activity and a chemical study includes determining the chemical essential oil composition by GC-MS which showed the product exsistance which might present different interests. The Antibacterial and antifungal activity of oils was tested using the direct contact method against ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae)

South African Journal of Botany, 2020

The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted ... more The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus harvested in west, Algeria. It seeks the other objective to the determination of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of oil in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research was carried out on the essential oil (EO) extracted from the dried leaves of Thymus Capitatus Lamiaceae that was harvested in the region of Tiart (West of Algeria). GCÀMS analysis of EO is identified 22 components while thymol, carvacrol and g-terpinene are the major components. The antioxidant activity of EO was evaluated by three methods: the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrirylhydrazil), the FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test and compared with ascorbic acid, BHA (Butylated hydroxy anisole) and commercial thymol as standards. The results indicated that Thymus Capitatus oil showed higher antioxidant power in comparison with the standards with values of (0.61, 2.13 and 0.78) mg/mL for the DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively. Also, the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested using the agar disc diffusion method, by determining the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In this case, the results have shown a potential of the antibacterial activity than commercial antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Cefoxitin, Gentamycin) against the tested strains, with MIC values of (29.44, 14.72, 14.72 and 7.36 mg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal study on the fungi of Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus Ochraceus, Trichophyton Sp reported significant results. The effectiveness of the oil showed that the essential oil has a fungicidal effect against the strains Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria and a fungistatic effect against strains Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichophyton rubrum. The research outcomes clearly demonstrate that the essential oils of thymus capitatus can present an interesting alternative naturel which can be useful for food preservation and pharmaceutical treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical Compounds Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil Extracted from the Artemisia herba-alba of Southern Algeria

International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Bioactivity of Artemisia Herba alba essential oil against plant pathogenic fungi

This work is part of the chemical composition’s study, of the essential oil’s and antifungal acti... more This work is part of the chemical composition’s study, of the essential oil’s and antifungal activity. This oil is extracted, from an aromatic and medicinal plant of the Algerian flora, in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research on the essential oil; extracted from the dried aerial part of Artemisia Herba alba, which was harvested in the region of Djelfa (South of Algeria); and separated by gas chromatography coupled by a mass spectrometry (GC/MS); resulted in obtaining Thirty-three constituents, representing 97.54% of the essential oil of Artemisia Herba alba. The main compounds identified are Davanone (42.8%), Camphor (15.96%) and Thujone (9.63%). The antifungal activity of oils was tested using the direct contact method against the growth of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Stemphyliumsolani. Our results clearly demonstrate that the essential oil could supply a valid alte...

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution to the Improvement of Production Techniques of Algal Biomass and Operating Renewable Biofuel

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT The use of current energy has generated many e vironmental problems that increase every ... more ABSTRACT The use of current energy has generated many e vironmental problems that increase every day the interest of searchers in order to develop new technologies for clean resources using the renewable ener y. Seaweeds, with their rapid growth, have the potential to become industrial photochemical converters. These photosynthetic seaweeds, under determinated conditions are able to produce liquid fuels and clean renewable chemicals. Optically, investment and operating costs are the main constraints to optimize for the improvement of bioprocesses technics. From this perspective, various approaches are studied. In the present study, we present and describe the main parameters and limiting factors and we show that only the appro ch of sunlight is economically realistic. One of the main objectives in the field of seaweeds is to dilute the light to overcome the effects of photosaturation that have an impact on crops in the sun, and we also appear the importance of external parameters independent of nutrient environment on growth. Another approach was also discussed, which is an adaptation technique based on spectral luminescence in order to optimize the solar spect um the desired bioconversion requirements.

Research paper thumbnail of Successive photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by CuO, Fe2O3, and novel nanocomposite CuO/Fe2O3 synthesized from Mentha pulegium plant extract via biosynthesis technique

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Research paper thumbnail of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Recycled Vegetable Oils

Green energy and technology, 2018

Biofuels constitute an effective alternative to existing fossil fuels, for they offer the prospec... more Biofuels constitute an effective alternative to existing fossil fuels, for they offer the prospect of ecological sustainability with their various advantages. Biodiesel has become one of the most important biofuels on a worldwide level; and it is synthesized by oil transesterification.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oilof Teucrium poliumsspaurasianum Labiatae

Der Pharma Chemica, 2015

We have carried out the extraction of the essential oils of the aerial part of the plant using th... more We have carried out the extraction of the essential oils of the aerial part of the plant using the hydro-distillation technique which enabled us to reachan extraction efficiency of 0.585 %. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS method therefore 35 components have been identified; the limonene (34.72 %), alphapinene (25.42 %), the β-pinene(8.59%), the α-Elemol (4.21 %) are the major components. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil has been measured against eight bacteria; the staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive one; its diameter is 21 mm of inhibition. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test which shows (IC 50 =58.6336 ± 0.7207)and the antioxidant power of reduction of iron (FRAP) shows (EC 50 =48.1936±0.5628

Research paper thumbnail of Biosorption of carcinogenic metal ions using the immobilized microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides on a lignocellulosic matrix: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and mechanism

An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing the microalgae Auxenochlo... more An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing the microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP) within a sugarcane bagasse (SB) lignocellulosic matrix. The characterization of AP-SB as a proposed biosorbent was performed by various spectroscopic methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The immobilization technique enhanced the biosorption of nickel by 32.25% at equilibrium compared with that of free Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The maximum metal biosorption capacities of free and immobilized Auxenochlorella protothecoides were calculated to be 42.08 and 62.1 mg/g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel ions was evaluated with a Box‒Behnken factorial design using three parameters: pH solution, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. A maximum metal removal rate of 97.96% was obtained using the RSM-DF platform...

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical screening of aerial organs of wild fennel essential oils from southeast Algeria: identification of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Research paper thumbnail of A comprehensive study on the scavenging of carcinogenic metal ions using immobilized microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides on the lignocellulosic matrix

An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing microalgae Auxenochlorell... more An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP) within Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) lignocellulosic matrix. The immobilization technique enhanced the biosorption of nickel by 32.25% at equilibrium compared with free Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The maximum metal biosorption capacity of free and immobilized Auxenochlorella protothecoides was calculated to be 42.08 and 62.1 mg /g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel ions was evaluated with Box-Behnken factorial design using three parameters: pH solution, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. Under optimum conditions, the RSM- DF platform determined the maximum metal elimination rate of 97.96% with the following optimal set of factors: pH 5.06, biosorbent concentration of 1.6 g/L, and contact time of 53.33 min. In the experimental design of the nickel bioprocess, the equilibrium adsorption isotherms were analyzed using sixteen models of two-, three-, a...

Research paper thumbnail of Textile Dye removal by Adsorption on Olive Grain as Solid Waste from the Olive Oil Extraction

Asian Journal Of Research in Chemistry, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Effet du Séchage sur le Rendement des Huiles Essentielles de la Plante TeucriumPolium ssp. Aurasianum Labiatae

حوليات العلوم و التكنولوجيا, 2015

Effet du séchage sur le rendement des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp. auras... more Effet du séchage sur le rendement des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp. aurasianum Labiatae

Research paper thumbnail of Renewable energy from the seaweed Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in developed systems

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017

The purpose of this present study is to demonstrate the potentialities of the alga Chlorella pyre... more The purpose of this present study is to demonstrate the potentialities of the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source of energy of third generation, based on the increase of biomass yield, by the use of systems of culture developed, these latter are doped by are doped with optically active molecules, allowing for shifting the light to the area of photosynthesis adapted to the alga, what increasing the maximum biomass concentration compared to the neutral system (non-doped) chosen as a reference by a factor of 2 from 3 th days of culture. We have also, realized a simple extraction of the oil of cultivated alga, the yield acquired is interesting, it is of the order of 40.17%, this oil undergoes a conversion to a biodiesel by the reaction of transesterification, which gives us a yield of 92.56%. In effect, based on the results above, this work leads to the conclusion that, the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa rich in lipids ,constitutes a choice dilicate for the operate as raw material for t...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de l’activité des huiles essentielles de la plante Teucrium polium ssp Aurasianum Labiatae

UNIVERSITE KASDI MERBAH – OUARGLA FACULTE DES SCIENCES APPLIQUEES DEPARTEMENT DE GENIE DES PROCEDES

Research paper thumbnail of The Valorization of the Green Alga Spirogyra’s Biomass in the Region of Ouargla-Algeria into Renewable Biofuel

The research focus on renewable energy has become a necessity due to the ecological and environme... more The research focus on renewable energy has become a necessity due to the ecological and environmental effects, and biofuels are one of the most effective substrate for existing fossil fuels. Indeed, the algae are presented as a potential source of biofuel with their several important advantages; they have a great deal of attention as a renewable alternative source of biomass for bioethanol production. One of the algae which has the potential to be developed as a raw material for bioethanol is Spirogyra alga. It has been demonstrated that Spirogyra species can accumulate high levels of polysaccharides and starch in their complex cell walls, which allows using it as a source of bioethanol production.

Research paper thumbnail of Détermination Expérimentale de la Cinétique de Séchage à l'Ombre des Huiles Essentielles de Laurus Nobilis Lauraceae

Research paper thumbnail of Antibacterial, antifungal activity and chemical composition study of essentialoil of Mentha pepirita from the south Algerian

Natural substances from plants have multiple interests put to use in the industry. Essential oils... more Natural substances from plants have multiple interests put to use in the industry. Essential oils are a very interesting group of these metabolites that feature different properties that make them interesting. We did this study to obtain an extract essential oil from the plant Mentha pepirita South region Algerian cultivated to the Municipality of Ouargla. the Mint, widespread in Algeria, of the family Lamiaceae is a native herb of several therapeutic properties (antiseptic, anti-neuralgic, analgesic ...). The extraction of its aromatic fraction offers new perspectives in aromatherapy by hydrodistillation method by a Clevenger-type apparatus. The extract obtained was the subject of Antibacterial and antifungal activity and a chemical study includes determining the chemical essential oil composition by GC-MS which showed the product exsistance which might present different interests. The Antibacterial and antifungal activity of oils was tested using the direct contact method against ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae)

South African Journal of Botany, 2020

The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted ... more The present study aims to investigating, the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus harvested in west, Algeria. It seeks the other objective to the determination of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of oil in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research was carried out on the essential oil (EO) extracted from the dried leaves of Thymus Capitatus Lamiaceae that was harvested in the region of Tiart (West of Algeria). GCÀMS analysis of EO is identified 22 components while thymol, carvacrol and g-terpinene are the major components. The antioxidant activity of EO was evaluated by three methods: the DPPH test (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrirylhydrazil), the FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity) test and compared with ascorbic acid, BHA (Butylated hydroxy anisole) and commercial thymol as standards. The results indicated that Thymus Capitatus oil showed higher antioxidant power in comparison with the standards with values of (0.61, 2.13 and 0.78) mg/mL for the DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively. Also, the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested using the agar disc diffusion method, by determining the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In this case, the results have shown a potential of the antibacterial activity than commercial antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Cefoxitin, Gentamycin) against the tested strains, with MIC values of (29.44, 14.72, 14.72 and 7.36 mg/mL) for Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal study on the fungi of Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus Ochraceus, Trichophyton Sp reported significant results. The effectiveness of the oil showed that the essential oil has a fungicidal effect against the strains Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria infectoria and a fungistatic effect against strains Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichophyton rubrum. The research outcomes clearly demonstrate that the essential oils of thymus capitatus can present an interesting alternative naturel which can be useful for food preservation and pharmaceutical treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical Compounds Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil Extracted from the Artemisia herba-alba of Southern Algeria

International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Bioactivity of Artemisia Herba alba essential oil against plant pathogenic fungi

This work is part of the chemical composition’s study, of the essential oil’s and antifungal acti... more This work is part of the chemical composition’s study, of the essential oil’s and antifungal activity. This oil is extracted, from an aromatic and medicinal plant of the Algerian flora, in order to find new metabolite products, which are characterized by a biological activity. The investigations and research on the essential oil; extracted from the dried aerial part of Artemisia Herba alba, which was harvested in the region of Djelfa (South of Algeria); and separated by gas chromatography coupled by a mass spectrometry (GC/MS); resulted in obtaining Thirty-three constituents, representing 97.54% of the essential oil of Artemisia Herba alba. The main compounds identified are Davanone (42.8%), Camphor (15.96%) and Thujone (9.63%). The antifungal activity of oils was tested using the direct contact method against the growth of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Stemphyliumsolani. Our results clearly demonstrate that the essential oil could supply a valid alte...

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution to the Improvement of Production Techniques of Algal Biomass and Operating Renewable Biofuel

Energy Procedia, 2014

ABSTRACT The use of current energy has generated many e vironmental problems that increase every ... more ABSTRACT The use of current energy has generated many e vironmental problems that increase every day the interest of searchers in order to develop new technologies for clean resources using the renewable ener y. Seaweeds, with their rapid growth, have the potential to become industrial photochemical converters. These photosynthetic seaweeds, under determinated conditions are able to produce liquid fuels and clean renewable chemicals. Optically, investment and operating costs are the main constraints to optimize for the improvement of bioprocesses technics. From this perspective, various approaches are studied. In the present study, we present and describe the main parameters and limiting factors and we show that only the appro ch of sunlight is economically realistic. One of the main objectives in the field of seaweeds is to dilute the light to overcome the effects of photosaturation that have an impact on crops in the sun, and we also appear the importance of external parameters independent of nutrient environment on growth. Another approach was also discussed, which is an adaptation technique based on spectral luminescence in order to optimize the solar spect um the desired bioconversion requirements.